Chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matenda a shuga chikukula msanga chaka chilichonse, ndipo tsopano oposa 400 miliyoni odwala matenda ashuga akukhala padziko lapansi.
Matenda a shuga a Type 2 ali ponseponse.
Amakhala ndi 90% ya milandu ya matendawa.
Type 2 shuga
Zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimaganiziridwa ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe kagayidwe kazakudya kamasokoneza, hyperglycemia imayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mayankho a metabolic.
Zifukwa za maonekedwe
Chifukwa chachikulu chowonekera cha matendawa ndi kukana insulini - kuchepa kwakukulu kwa chidwi cha maselo kuti apange insulin.
Kasitomala amataya mwayi wake wopanga insulin yachilengedwe mu milandu yayikulu ya matendawa.
M'magawo oyamba, magazi a wodwalayo amakhalabe ndi insulini yachilengedwe, koma sangathenso kuchepetsa shuga, chifukwa maselo sakukhudzidwa ndi zotsatira za mahomoni.
Chofunikira ndi kunenepa kwambiri, komwe minofu yamafuta imadziunjikira zochuluka kwambiri, potero kumachepetsa chidwi cha maselo, ndipo izi zimathandizira njira ya kunenepa kwambiri.
Mwayi wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga uchulukirapo:
- ndi chakudya chopanda malire, kusowa kwa zinthu zofunika mu chakudya kapena kukhalapo kwa chakudya chamagulu ambiri pazogulitsa
- onenepa kwambiri;
- wokhala ndi moyo wongokhala;
- ndi matenda oopsa.
Magulu owopsa
Magulu otsatirawa aanthu ali m'gulu langozi:
- omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga m'banjamo;
- onenepa;
- azimayi omwe adakhala ndi matenda enaake panthawi yoyembekezera, kapena amene abereka ana olemera kuposa kilogalamu zinayi;
- odwala omwe ali ndi chotupa cha adrenal, acromegaly, kapena chotupa;
- odwala atherosulinosis, matenda oopsa, angina pectoris;
- anthu omwe amayamba kupanga zowopsa;
- odwala omwe ali ndi matendawo;
- anthu omwe adakumana kale ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga chifukwa cha vuto la mtima, sitiroko, matenda osiyanasiyana kapena pakati.
Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu wa 2 komanso njira zotsimikiza
Monga lamulo, matendawa samayenda ndi zizindikiro zotchulidwa, ndipo matendawa amatha kukhazikitsidwa pokhapokha ngati kafukufuku wa zasayansi akukonzekera.
Ndikofunikira kuti phunziroli lisamadye chakudya chilichonse - pokhapokha pamimba yopanda kanthu.
Popeza ndi matendawa, odwala ali ndi zovuta zingapo, amapita kuchipatala kuti akalandire chithandizo ndipo pakachitika izi amayamba chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Mwachitsanzo, odwala amapita kukaonana ndi ophthalmologist chifukwa cha mavuto amaso, ndipo nthawi zambiri chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli ndi kuwonongeka kwa maso ndi matenda ashuga.
Zizindikiro zapadera za matendawa zimaphatikizira kukoka usiku uliwonse, kusowa kwa madzi m'thupi (chikhumbo chofuna kumwa nthawi zonse), matenda a pakhungu. Zomwe zimawonekera mwazizindikiro izi zimawerengedwa kuti ndi kuchepa kwa maselo a beta mokulira, popeza matendawa ayambika kale, kapena matenda oopsa monga stroko kapena vuto la mtima.
Masiteji
Pathology imagawidwa m'magawo otsatirawa:
- chosintha;
- zosintha pang'ono;
- siteji yovuta kusintha mu chakudya kagayidwe.
Madigirii otsatira a shuga amtundu wachiwiri amadziwika:
- kuwala
- pafupifupi;
- zolemetsa.
Pankhani yamilandu yofatsa, mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ukhoza kupititsidwa bwino ndikutenga ndalama zomwe zimachepetsa shuga (kapisozi imodzi idzakhala yokwanira), kapena chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukuru kwa zakudya. Pankhani ya digiri yapakati, kuti muthe kukongoletsa vutoli, mudzafunika kuti muwonjezere kuchuluka kwa mapiritsi awiri kapena atatu patsiku. Ngati matendawa adadwala kwambiri, kuphatikiza ma kapisozi omwe amachepetsa shuga, ndikofunikanso kutembenukira ku insulin.
Khodi ya ICD-10
Pakugawana kwamayiko padziko lonse, matenda omwe ali m'gulu la IV ndipo ali mgulu la matenda ashuga (E10-E14) pansipa E11.
Kalasi E11 imaphatikizapo matenda a shuga (onse onenepa kwambiri komanso popanda izi) pansi pa zinthu zotsatirazi:
- mwa achinyamata;
- ndi maonekedwe achikulire;
- ndi maonekedwe achikulire;
- ngati palibe lingaliro la ketosis;
- ndi njira yokhazikika yamatenda.
Matenda a 2 a shuga sawerengedwa:
- ngati nthendayo imayambitsidwa ndi kudya kosakwanira;
- pa nthawi yobereka, nthawi yobereka komanso nthawi yobereka;
- mu makanda;
- ngati pali glycosuria;
- ngati kulolera kwa shuga kumalephera;
- ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin yogwira ntchito m'magazi a insulin.
Kuopsa komanso zovuta
Type 2 shuga mellitus imasokoneza kwambiri mtima wamagetsi.
Matenda a shuga ndi omwe amayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana a mtima ndi mtima
Kuphatikiza kuti wodwalayo atha kukumana ndi ma pathologies a mtima dongosolo la ziwalo, zina zodziwika zimakhazikikanso:
- Tsitsi likugwera;
- khungu lowuma
- kuwonongeka kwa misomali;
- kuchepa magazi;
- kuchepetsedwa kwa cholembera.
Mavuto akulu kwambiri odwala matenda ashuga ndi awa:
- kukulitsa kwa atherosulinosis, komwe kumayambitsa kusokonezeka m'magazi a coronary, komanso kupatsira magazi ku minyewa ya muubongo ndi miyendo;
- pachimake matenda mu ubongo;
- aimpso kuwonongeka;
- kuwonongeka kwa retinal;
- bungwe losavuta la ulusi wamitsempha ndi minofu;
- kukokoloka ndi zilonda m'munsi m'munsi;
- zovuta kuchiza matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya kapena bowa;
- chikomokere.
Kuzindikira ndi chithandizo
Poyambirira kwamatenda omwe amakula, zidzakhala zokwanira kuwona zakudya zoyenera, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti kulemera kwa thupi kumakhala munthawi yochepa, yomwe ingakhudze kubwezeretsa kwa kagayidwe kazakudya komanso kukhazikika kwa shuga. Pankhani ya matenda ena a shuga a mtundu womwe mukufunsidwa, mankhwala amafunikira kale.
Kukonzekera
Njira zodziwika bwino zothandizira matenda ndi:
- Tolbutamidekukhudzana ndi kapamba ndipo potero kuyambitsa chinsinsi cha insulini. Mankhwalawa ndi oyenera kwa okalamba odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda. Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito, khungu limakhala losagwirizana ndi jaundice yochepa, pomwe khungu limakhala lachikasu;
- Glipizidentchito pa matenda a shuga mu okalamba, komanso odwala immunocompromised ndi osauka adrenal ntchito;
- Maninil, kukulitsa chidwi cha zolandilira zomwe zimazindikira insulin. Mankhwalawa amakhazikika pakupanga insulin. Poyamba, amamwa piritsi limodzi, koma m'tsogolomo, ngati kuli kofunikira, mlingowo ungathe kuchuluka;
- Metformin, yomwe imasintha mphamvu zamankhwala chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwa chiŵerengero cha insulin yomangidwa ndi mitundu yaulere. Omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi odwala omwe onenepa kwambiri komanso onenepa kwambiri. Mankhwala contraindised mu aimpso kulephera;
- Acarbose, kuletsa chimbudzi ndi kulowetsedwa kwa matumbo m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, potero kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mukamadya ndi chakudya chamafuta ambiri. Mankhwala ndi contraindicated ngati akudwala matenda amatumbo komanso pa mimba.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga
Odwala ayenera kudya kasanu kapena sikisi patsiku m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, samangolimbana ndi njala, komanso kukhazikika kwa shuga.
Kuchepa kwa hypoglycemia kumachepetsedwa. Mofanananso ndi izi, ndizovomerezeka kudya katatu patsiku, osakhala ndi nkhawa kuti chotsatira chake, zomwe zimachitika m'thupi la wodwalayo zimagwira ntchito yayikulu pano.
Malonda Oletsedwa:
- soseji;
- mayonesi;
- mankhwala omalizidwa;
- wowawasa zonona;
- nyama ya nkhumba ndi nkhosa;
- mafuta mkaka;
- tchizi cholimba chokhala ndi mafuta ambiri.
Zololedwa ndi Zoletsedwa
Zinthu zololedwa zazing'ono:
- mtedza
- mbewu za mpendadzuwa;
- shuga
- zipatso zopangidwa ndi zipatso;
- wokondedwa
Zovomerezeka:
- zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi CHIKWANGWANI chomera;
- skim mkaka ndi mkaka wowawasa;
- nsomba zopanda nyama ndi nyama;
- zakudya zaphala;
- masamba ndi zipatso (ngati ali ndi shuga wochepa, monga tomato ndi maapulo).
Glycemic Index Chakudya Chosankha
Zogulitsa zonse zimakhala ndi index ya glycemic yomwe imachitika:
- otsika (mayunitsi 0-55);
- sing'anga (mayunitsi 55-70);
- okwera (mayunitsi 70 kapena kuposerapo).
Zogulitsa zomwe zili ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwa mndandanda wa gulu sizoyenera kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kungapangitse kuti agwidwe, ndipo poyipa kwambiri, wodwalayo azikhala akomoka. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndizovomerezeka pazochitika zachilendo kwambiri komanso zoletsa zina.
Zithandizo za anthu
Kukonzekera kwazitsamba kumasinthana miyezi ingapo ndipo kungaphatikizidwe ndi mankhwala ena.
Zitsamba monga Bay tsamba, filakisi kapena mbewu zodulira zingathandize kupewa kuwonongeka kwa kayendedwe kazungulire, retina, kuthetsa mavuto mu impso ndi chiwindi, ndikuchepetsa zovuta.
Zotsatira za mankhwala azitsamba zimamveka m'masabata atatu kapena anayi. Musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala azitsamba ndi zitsamba zina, ndikofunikira kuti muphunzire mankhwala omwe akuphwanya mankhwala azitsamba.
Kupewa
Popewa matendawa, ndikofunikira kutsatira mfundo za kadyedwe koyenera.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zopanda vuto kungakhale chitetezo chabwino osati matenda omwe amatchulidwa, komanso matenda ena.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti magawo omwe akukhudzidwawo asakhale ndi cholinga chongochepetsa, koma kuchotsa chakudya chilichonse choyipa m'zakudya. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira ntchito zolimbitsa thupi. Ngati zolimbitsa thupi kapena zolimbitsa thupi sizili zoyenera kwa wodwala, mutha kusankha njira zina zamtundu, monga kuvina, kuyenda, kuyendetsa njinga ndi zina zambiri.
Makanema okhudzana nawo
Pa chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 omwe awonetsedwa pa TV "Live Great!" ndi Elena Malysheva:
Matenda a shuga, makamaka amtundu omwe akuwaganizidwawo, ndi matenda oopsa, zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe sizidziwika kale. Kuzindikira kwakwanthawi komanso chithandizo chokwanira kumathandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi matendawa, chifukwa izi zimathandiza kupewa zovuta zazikulu.
