Kwazaka makumi awiri zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga kwachulukanso pafupifupi kawiri. Uku sikuwerengera odwala omwe sakudziwa matenda awo. Chofala kwambiri ndi matenda a shuga a 2, omwe amadalira insulin.
Amadwala kwambiri atakalamba. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga umakhudza anthu adakali aang'ono, ana amadwala matendawa, ndipo pali milandu ya matenda obadwa nawo a shuga. Popanda jakisoni wa insulin, sangathe kuchita tsiku limodzi.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin kumatha kutsagana ndimomwe thupi limagwirira, pali kusagwirizana ndi mankhwalawa. Zonsezi zimabweretsa kufunafuna njira zatsopano, imodzi mwazomwe amachiza matenda amtundu wa shuga 1 omwe ali ndi maselo a tsinde.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda A shuga 1
Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kuperewera kwa insulini kumayamba chifukwa cha kufa kwa maselo a beta omwe amapezeka munkhokwe zamatumba a Langerhans. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha izi:
- Matenda obadwa nawo.
- Zotsatira za Autoimmune.
- Matenda a ma virus - chikuku, rubella, cytomegalovirus, nthomba, kachilombo ka Coxsackie, mamps.
- Zowopsa zovuta m'maganizo.
- Njira yotupa mu kapamba.
Muzochitika zonsezi, maselo a pancreatic amadziwika kuti ndi achilendo, ndipo chitetezo chamthupi chimawawononga. Zomwe zili ndi insulin zimachepetsedwa, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwera. Izi zimabweretsa kukula kwakuthwa kwa zizindikiro: ludzu, kukodza kwambiri, kufooka kwathunthu, njala, kuchepa thupi, mutu komanso kugona tulo.
Wodwala akapanda kuthandizidwa ndi insulin, amayamba kudwala matenda ashuga. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zoopsa mwanjira yamavuto - stroko, mtima, kuchepa kwa mashuga m'matenda am'mimba, microangiopathy ndikupanga matenda a gangrene, neuropathy ndi matenda a impso.
Njira zochizira matenda amtundu 1 shuga
Masiku ano, matenda a shuga amawonedwa ngati osachiritsika. Therapy ndikukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose mumagawo omwe amalimbikitsidwa kudzera mu jakisoni wa zakudya ndi insulin. Matenda a wodwala amatha kukhala okhutira ndi mlingo woyenera, koma maselo a pancreatic sangabwezeretsedwe.
Kuyesa kwa pancreatic kwachitika, koma kupambana sikunadziwike. Ma insulin onse amathandizidwa ndi jakisoni, popeza motsogozedwa ndi hydrochloric acid ndi pepsin kuchokera m'madzi a m'mimba, amawonongeka. Chimodzi mwazosankha zoyendetsera makinawo ndikumeta mpampu wa insulin.
Pochiza matenda a shuga, njira zatsopano zawoneka zomwe zawonetsa zotsimikiza:
- Katemera wa DNA.
- Kukonzanso T-lymphocyte.
- Muli
- Chithandizo cha cell tsinde.
Njira yatsopano ndikutukuka kwa DNA - katemera yemwe amalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi mwa DNA, pomwe chiwonongeko cha maselo a pancreatic amasiya. Njirayi ili pa gawo la mayesero azachipatala, chitetezo chake ndi zotsatira zazitali zimatsimikiziridwa.
Amayesetsanso kuchitapo kanthu pachitetezo cha mthupi mothandizidwa ndi maselo apadera omwe amakonzedwanso, omwe, malinga ndi omwe akupanga, amatha kuteteza maselo a insulini mu kapamba.
Chifukwa cha izi, ma T-lymphocyte amatengedwa, m'malo olembetsako katundu wawo amasinthidwa mwanjira yoti amaleke kuwononga maselo a beta a pancreatic. Ndipo atatha kubwerera m'magazi a wodwala, T-lymphocyte amayamba kumanganso mbali zina za chitetezo chamthupi.
Njira imodzi, plasmapheresis, imathandizira kuyeretsa magazi a mapuloteni, kuphatikiza ma antigen ndi zida zowonongeka za chitetezo cha mthupi. Magazi amapatsirana kudzera mu zida zapadera ndipo amabwerera ku kama.
Chithandizo cha Stem Cell Diabetes
Maselo ofiira ndi maselo osakhazikika, osagwirizana ndi mafupa omwe amapezeka mufupa. Nthawi zambiri, chiwalo chikawonongeka, chimatulutsidwa m'magazi ndipo pamalo omwe awonongeka, apeze zomwe zili ndi matenda.
Stem cell therapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza:
- Multiple Sclerosis.
- Cerebrovascular ngozi.
- Matenda a Alzheimer's.
- Kubweza m'malingaliro (osati kwa chibadwa).
- Cerebral palsy.
- Kulephera kwa mtima, angina pectoris.
- Limb ischemia.
- Kuletsa endarteritis.
- Zotupa zotupa ndi zowonda.
- Kusakwanira.
- Matenda a Parkinsinson.
- Psoriasis ndi zokhudza zonse lupus erythematosus.
- Hepatitis ndi chiwindi kulephera.
- Pofuna kukonzanso.
Njira yakhazikitsidwa pothana ndi matenda amishuga a mtundu woyamba 1 omwe ali ndi maselo oyambira ndipo ndemanga zake zimapereka chifukwa chokhalira ndi chiyembekezo. Chinsinsi cha njirayi ndikuti:
- Mafuta a mafupa amatengedwa kuchokera ku sternum kapena femur. Kuti muchite izi, chitani mpanda wake pogwiritsa ntchito singano yapadera.
- Kenako maselo awa amakonzedwa, ena mwa iwo amawundana ndi njira zotsatirazi, ena onse amaikidwa mu mtundu wa chofungatira ndipo kuchokera pa zikwi makumi awiri m'miyezi iwiri iwo amakula mpaka 250 miliyoni.
- Maselo omwe amalandilidwa amathandizidwa ndi wodwala kudzera mu catheter.
Opaleshoni iyi itha kuchitika pansi pa mankhwala oletsa ululu. Ndipo malinga ndi ndemanga za odwala, kuyambira koyambirira kwa chithandizo amamva kutentha kwambiri m'matumba. Ngati sikungatheke kutumiza kudzera mu catheter, maselo a tsinde amatha kulowa mthupi kudzera mwa kulowetsedwa kudzera mkati.
Zimatenga masiku 50 kuti maselowo ayambe kubwezeretsa kapamba. Panthawi imeneyi, zosintha zotsatirazi zimachitika kapamba:
- Maselo owonongeka amasinthidwa ndi maselo a tsinde.
- Maselo atsopano amayamba kupanga insulin.
- Mitundu yatsopano yamitsempha yamagazi (mankhwala apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti afulumizitse angiogeneis).
Pakatha miyezi itatu, sinthani zotsatira zake. Malinga ndi omwe analemba njirayi komanso zotsatira zomwe zimapezeka m'makiriniki aku Europe, odwala matendawa amamva bwino, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumayamba kuchepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa insulin. Zizindikiro zake ndi hemoglobin wa glycated m'magazi zimakhazikika.
Chithandizo cham'mimba cha stem chimapereka zotsatira zabwino ndi zovuta zomwe zayamba. Ndi polyneuropathy, phazi la matenda ashuga, maselo amatha kubayidwa mwachindunji mu zotupa. Nthawi yomweyo, kusayenda bwino kwamitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha ya m'mitsempha zimayamba kuchira, zilonda zam'mimba zimachira.
Kuphatikiza izi, njira yachiwiri yoyendetsera imalimbikitsa. Kuphatikizika kwa maselo ndikuchitika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pambuyo pake. Pankhaniyi, maselo omwe adatengedwa mgawo loyamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Malinga ndi madotolo omwe amathandizira maselo a stem omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, zotsatira zake zimawonekera pafupifupi theka la odwala, ndipo akukwaniritsa kukhululukidwa kwazitali kwa matenda a shuga - pafupifupi chaka ndi theka. Pali deta yokhayokha yokhudza milandu ya kukana insulini ngakhale kwa zaka zitatu.
Zotsatira zoyipa zama cell a tsinde
Chovuta chachikulu chazomwe chimayambira matenda a shuga 1 ndikuti, malinga ndi kakulidwe, matenda a shuga amatengera matenda a autoimmune.
Pakadali pomwe zigawo za tsinde zimapeza ma insulin cell a kapamba, chitetezo cha mthupi chimayambiranso chimodzimodzi monga kale, zomwe zimapangitsa kulumikizidwa kwawo kukhala kovuta.
Pofuna kuchepetsa kukanidwa, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupondereza chitetezo chathupi. Zikatero, zovuta zimatheka:
- chiopsezo cha poizoni woopsa umachuluka;
- kusanza, kusanza kumatha kuchitika;
- ndi kuyambitsa kwa immunosuppressants, kuchepa tsitsi ndikotheka;
- thupi limadziteteza kumatenda;
- Kugawika kwa khungu kosagwirizana kumatha kuchitika, zomwe zimayambitsa njira zotupa.
Ofufuza aku America ndi ku Japan mu cell yanyumba ati akufuna kusintha njira ndikumayambitsa maselo a tsinde osati m'matumba a pancreatic, koma m'chiwindi kapena pansi pa kapisozi ka impso. M'malo awa, sachedwa kuwonongeka ndi maselo chitetezo chathupi.
Komanso pansi pa chitukuko ndi njira yophatikiza mankhwala - majini ndi ma cellular. Jini imayikidwa mu cell yokhala ndi mapuloteni obadwa nawo, omwe amathandizira kusintha kwa cell ya beta; khungu lomwe lili kale ndi insulin limalowa m'thupi. Poterepa, chitetezo cha mthupi sichitchulidwa.
Pa nthawi yonseyi, kusiya kusuta kwathunthu, mowa umafunika. Prerequisites ndi zakudya komanso zochilimbitsa thupi.
Kupendekeka kwa maselo ndikutsimikizika ndi malo olimbikitsa pakuchiza matenda ashuga. Malingaliro otsatirawa atha kuchitika:
- Chithandizo cha ma cell-cell chawonetsa mphamvu ya njira iyi mankhwalawa a mtundu 1 matenda a shuga, omwe amachepetsa mlingo wa insulin.
- Zotsatira zabwino zapezeka pochiza matenda obisika komanso kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe.
- Mtundu 2 wa shuga wosadalira insulini umachira bwino, chikhululukiro chimatheka msanga, popeza chitetezo cha mthupi sichikuwononga maselo atsopano.
- Ngakhale ndemanga zabwino komanso zofotokozedwa ndi ma endocrinologists (makamaka achilendo) zotsatira za mankhwalawa, njirayi siinafufuzidwe kwathunthu.
Kanemayo munkhaniyi ayankhula zambiri pothana ndi matenda ashuga omwe amakhala ndi minyewa ya tsinde.
