Matenda a shuga mu achinyamata ali ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa mahomoni. Kukula kofulumira ndi kutha msanga kumachitika ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni opanga kukula ndi mahomoni ogonana, omwe amachita mosiyana ndi insulin.
Matenda a shuga a achinyamata amapezeka ndi kuchepa kwa chidwi cha minofu ndi maselo amafuta kupita ku insulin. Kukana kwa insulin koteroko panthawi yakutha msonkho kumakulitsa mphamvu yolipirira matenda a shuga ndipo kumayambitsa spikes mu shuga.
Atsikana azaka zapakati pa 15 zakubadwa amalipira chidwi kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo insulin ikhoza kutsatiridwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa thupi, chifukwa chake amaletsa kuzolowera zakudya komanso kuzunza pafupipafupi hypoglycemia.
Zolemba za matenda a shuga paunyamata
Kukula kwa matenda ashuga muubwana nthawi zambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa autoimmune kwama cell a pancreatic. Izi zimachitika mwa ana omwe makolo awo kapena abale ake apamtima amakhala ndi matenda ashuga. Kusamutsidwa kwa majini omwe amayambitsidwa ndi matenda a shuga sizitanthauza kuti mwanayo adzadwaladwala.
Kuti wachinyamata akhale ndi matenda ashuga, muyenera chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo komanso kupanga ma antibodies motsutsana ndi minofu yanu yapancreatic. Njira yoyambitsa matenda a shuga achinyamata imatha kukhala ma virus, kupsinjika, zinthu zakumwa zoledzeretsa, mankhwala, kusuta, onse anyamata ndi atsikana.
Matenda a shuga a Type 1 amapezeka ndikusowa kwa kupanga insulini ndipo mawonetsedwe ake amapezeka nthawi yomwe palibe maselo a beta omwe atsalira mu kapamba. Chifukwa chake, ana oterewa amakakamizidwa kuyambira masiku oyambira ndipo amalandira jakisoni wa moyo wonse. Pophwanya mankhwalawa, mwana akhoza kudwala matenda ashuga.
Pa zaka 15 zapitazi, pakhala chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 pakati pa achinyamata. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ana onenepa kwambiri komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ochepa. Kunenepa kwambiri kumayambitsa kukana insulini, komwe kumakhala kwa zaka 13 mpaka 13 ndipo, pamaso pa chibadwa, kumayambitsa matenda ashuga.
Ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, zosintha zotsatirazi zimachitika mthupi:
- Insulin imapangidwa mokwanira, poyamba imakhala yayitali kuposa yachilendo.
- Maselo a chiwindi, maselo am'misempha, ndi minyewa ya adipose sangathe kuyamwa glucose m'magazi, popeza ma receptor samayankha insulin.
- Chiwindi chimayamba kuphwanya kwa glycogen ndikupanga glucose kuchokera ku amino acid ndi mafuta.
- M'minyewa ndi chiwindi, kuchuluka kwa glycogen kumachepetsedwa.
- Magazi a cholesterol amawonjezeka.
Palinso mtundu wina wapadera wa matendawa (MODY) momwe zizindikiro za matenda osokoneza bongo zimagwirizanirana ndi insulin kukaniza ndi kutupa kwa autoimmune.
Odwala, monga lamulo, ali ndi kuchepa pang'ono kwa ntchito ya cell ya beta, palibe chizolowezi cha ketoacidosis, kulemera kwa thupi ndikwabwinobwino kapena kutsika. Matenda a shuga a ana amapezeka nthawi zambiri azaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 21.
Zizindikiro za matenda achinyamata
Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mu achinyamata nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndipo zimapita mwachangu popanda chithandizo. Zizindikiro zazikulu zimaphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi: ludzu lamphamvu, lomwe silikhala laling'ono mutatha kumwa madzi ambiri. Pafupipafupi komanso kuchuluka kwamikodzo kumawonjezereka, kuphatikiza usiku.
Kuwonjezeka kwa kutulutsa mkodzo komanso kufunikira kwakukulu kwa madzimadzi ngakhale kutuluka kwa magazi a osmotic chifukwa cha hyperglycemia. Kuchepetsa thupi mu shuga ya mtundu woyamba kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri, zomwe thupi silingatengepo popanda insulin.
Zizindikiro zina za matenda ashuga mwa atsikana ochepera msambo ndizosazungulira kapena kusamba, komwe kumatha kubweretsa kusabereka chifukwa chosowa ovulation. Ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga a m'mimba, polycystic ovary imayamba ndi kuchepa kwa zomwe zimachitika mu mahomoni achikazi achikazi.
Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa atsikana azaka pafupifupi 15:
- Kutopa, ntchito yochepa.
- Kusinthasintha kwakukuru mumalingaliro am'mbuyo, kusakwiya komanso kung'amba.
- Kuchuluka kwa kukhumudwa, kusachita chidwi.
- Matenda a pakhungu: furunculosis, ziphuphu zakumaso, neurodermatitis, matenda a mafangasi.
- Candidiasis a mucous nembanemba a kumaliseche ndi milomo yamkamwa.
- Kuyenda khungu, makamaka pa perineum.
- Matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi.
Matenda a shuga amakhalapo nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi vuto la mtima.
Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mu achinyamata omwe azindikira matendawa mochedwa zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone m'magazi. Izi zimachitika ngati chizolowezi cha shuga chamagazi ndichuluka kwambiri, ndipo thupi limakumana ndi vuto losowa mphamvu, lomwe limayesa kupanga mwa kupangira ma ketones.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za ketoacidosis zimatha kukhala mseru komanso m'mimba, kenako kusanza ndikuwonjezera kufooka, phokoso komanso kupuma pafupipafupi, kununkhira kwa acetone mu mpweya wotuluka. Kupita patsogolo kwa ketoacidosis kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa chikumbumtima.
Zomwe zimayambitsa ketoacidosis mu unyamata ndichofunikira chowonjezera cha insulini motsutsana ndi kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu yam'mbuyo, kuwonjezereka kwa matenda opatsirana kapena ena ophatikizana, kuphwanya kawiri kawiri pazakudya ndikudumpha insulini yoyendetsera mavuto.
Zithandizo zamankhwala kwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga
Kuphwanya malingaliro a dotolo, kusiyidwa kwa jakisoni wa insulini komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoletsedwa, komanso mowa komanso kusuta fodya kumapangitsa kuti chithandizo cha matenda osokoneza bongo chizikhala chovuta makamaka chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa malamulo a kagayidwe kachakudya.
Mtundu kwa achinyamata ndi kuchuluka kwa glycemia m'mawa kwambiri - chodabwitsa cha m'bandakucha. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndiz kutulutsidwa kwa ma mahomoni opikisana ndi mahomoni - cortisol, mahomoni okula, mahomoni olimbikitsa a chithokomiro.
Nthawi zambiri, mahomoni ambiri otere amakhala ndi chiphuphu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulin, koma izi sizipezeka m'matenda a achinyamata. Kuti muchepetse hyperglycemia m'mawa kwambiri, mlingo wowonjezera wa insulin uyenera kuperekedwa.
Pakati pa zaka 13 mpaka 15, kufunika kwa insulini kungadutse 1 unit pa 1 makilogalamu a thupi patsiku. Pankhaniyi, matenda a Somoji amatha - mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi sikumafikiridwa, ndiye kuti thupi limakhudzidwa ndi hypoglycemia monga zovuta, zothandizira gasta ya adrenal ndikutulutsa kwa glucagon m'magazi.
Zizindikiro za mankhwala a insulin:
- Kusinthasintha kwa makonda ndi kusintha kwamachitidwe.
- Kuchepa kwadzidzidzi ndi kupweteka kwa mutu, komwe kumachepetsa mukatha kudya zakudya za shuga.
- Kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kochepa komanso chizungulire.
- Anachepa mphamvu m'maganizo ndi m'thupi.
- Zolota zodetsa nkhawa ndi zoopsa.
- Kutopa ndi kutopa pambuyo pakugona.
- Kumva kosalekeza komanso kosaletseka kwamanjala
Chizindikiro chovuta cha matenda a Somogy ndikusintha pamaso pa matenda a ma virus kapena kuwombera kwa insulin.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thanzi la shuga lisamayende bwino amathanso kukhala insulin yokwanira, momwe hyperglycemia imayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse m'magazi, achinyamata akukulira kuchokera kwa anzawo, palibe omwe akuwopseza hypoglycemia, kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycated imakhala yokwera, ndipo pamene kuchuluka kwa insulin kumathandizira, wodwalayo akumva bwino.
Atsikana ayenera kukumbukira kuti glycemia kutatsala masiku ochepa kuti asambe komanso masiku oyamba kusamba akhoza kukhala apamwamba, kotero muyenera kusintha mlingo wa insulin yonse komanso yochepa yochita insulin.
Kupewa matenda obwera chifukwa cha matenda ashuga
Zochitika zovuta za matenda ashuga kutha msinkhu zimatha kudzetsa kukula kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga, mavuto ndi kuphunzira, kukula thupi ndi kutha msinkhu.
Chifukwa chake, pakadali pano, kukhalabe ndi glycemic indices yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ngati momwe mungathere ndicho cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo. Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwala a insulini amangopangidwira mu mawonekedwe okhazikika: kawiri kumayambitsanso insulin yayitali komanso katatu pakabaya jekeseni musanadye.
Ndikotheka kuwongolera njira ya matenda ashuga nthawi yakutha pokhapokha ngati mukuwunika mosamala glycemia masana ndikutsatira malamulo azakudya. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti insulini imabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa thupi, kotero muyenera kuwerengera tsiku ndi tsiku osati kuchuluka kwa chakudya, komanso kuchuluka kwa kalori onse.
Popereka mankhwala a insulin mu achinyamata, malamulo awa ayenera kutsatiridwa:
- Kudziyang'anira wekha wa glycemia ndi kusintha kwa insulini pakusintha kwa zakudya kapena zolimbitsa thupi.
- Kuyendera pafupipafupi ndi endocrinologist, neurologist ndi optometrist, ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, dokotala wazamankhwala, othandizira ndi nephrologist. Kulumikizana ndi TB kamodzi pachaka.
- Kuyesedwa kwa hemoglobin wa glycated osachepera kamodzi pa kotala, ECG kamodzi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
- Kuwonjezeka kwa mlingo wa insulini wa matenda opatsirana, komanso mwa atsikana masiku angapo masiku osanenedwa akuwonekera.
- Osachepera kamodzi pachaka, prophylactic chithandizo kuchipatala ndi kusankha kwa insulin kumasonyezedwa.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi mu shuga mellitus mu regimen patsiku sikuti kumathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza hyperglycemia, komanso kumawonjezera kuyankha kwa ma receptors a mahomoni omwe ali m'chiwindi, minofu ndi minofu yamafuta.
Kuphatikiza apo, masewera olimbitsa thupi amaphunzitsa nthawi zonse mtima ndi minofu, kuwonjezera kupirira komanso kugwira ntchito, komanso amatha kukulitsa chisangalalo, chifukwa cha kutulutsa kwa ma endorphins (mahomoni osangalatsa) m'magazi. Izi zimachitika makamaka pamalonda a dosed, osachepera mphindi 40 patsiku.
Kanemayo munkhaniyi amafotokoza za achinyamata omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.
