KULEMBETSA MATENDA A SHUGA - NDI CHIYANI?

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Matenda a shuga ndi njira yodziwika bwino yomwe imakhudza gawo lalikulu la anthu aku Russia, osati okha.

Mavuto azaumoyo amakula kwazaka zambiri, pomwe anthu amafunikira chithandizo chanthawi zonse chazachipatala, kuwazindikira ndi kuwathandiza.

Pofuna kuti tithe kuwunikira bwino momwe zinthu ziliri komanso kukonzekera mtengo wolimbana ndi matenda ashuga padziko lonse lapansi, boma lajambulitsa matenda ashuga.

Rejista ya boma ya odwala matenda ashuga: ndi chiyani?

State Record of Diabetes Patients (GRBS) ndiye chidziwitso chachikulu chomwe chili ndi kuchuluka kwathunthu kwa zosowa zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu aku Russia omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndalama zomwe boma limagwiritsa ntchito polosera zomwe zingachitike m'tsogolo.

Pakadali pano, kalembedwe kamapezeka mu mtundu wa makina ogwiritsa ntchito pawokha omwe amawonetsa zokhudza kuwonongedwa kwa matenda ndi matenda pamlingo wapadziko lonse.

Zimaphatikizapo kuwunikira momwe aliyense akudwala matenda ashuga, kuyambira tsiku lomwe amamulembera agogo ndi nthawi yonse ya chithandizo.

Izi zakonzedwa:

mitundu yamavuto;
Zizindikiro za kagayidwe kazakudya ndi magawo ena a kafukufuku wa zasayansi;
zazikulu mankhwala zotsatira;
deta yaimfa ya matenda ashuga.

Kulembetsaku ndikofunikira kwambiri monga chida chowerengera, komanso, ndipokhapokha pakuwunika magawo ambiri azachipatala, bungwe komanso sayansi omwe amakupatsani mwayi kuwerengera ndikukonzekera bajeti yochizira, kugula mankhwala ndi maphunziro a akatswiri azachipatala.

Matenda ofala

Zambiri zakukula kwa matenda ashuga ku Russia kumapeto kwa Disembala 2016 zikusonyeza kuti anthu pafupifupi 4.350 miliyoni ali ndi vutoli "lomwe limapanga pafupifupi 3% ya anthu onse m'boma, omwe:

mtundu wosadalira insulini umakhala ndi 92% (pafupifupi 4,001,860 anthu);
odalira insulin - 6% (pafupifupi 255 385 anthu);
zamitundu ina yamatenda - 2% (75 123 anthu).

Chiwerengero chonse chinaphatikizanso milanduyo pamene mtundu wa matenda a shuga sunawonetsedwe muzowonetsa.

Izi zimatilola kutsimikiza kuti kukwera m'mwamba kwamilandu kukupitilira:

kuyambira Disembala 2012, chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga chawonjezeka ndi anthu pafupifupi 570,000;
kwa nthawi kuyambira kumapeto kwa Disembala 2015 - ndi 254,000.

Gulu la zaka (chiwerengero cha anthu 100 miliyoni)

Ponena za kuchuluka kwa zaka, matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba anali kulembedwa kwambiri mwa achinyamata, ndipo mwa iwo omwe ali ndi vuto lachiwiri la matenda, makamaka achikulire.

Kumapeto kwa Disembala 2016, zidziwitso zamagulu azaka ndi motere.

Zonse:

matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin - pafupifupi 164.19 milandu kwa anthu 100,000;
shuga osadalira insulin - 2637.17 pa anthu omwewo;
mitundu ina ya matenda a shuga: 50.62 pa 100,000.

Poyerekeza ndi ziwerengero za 2015, kukula kwake kunali:

pa matenda a shuga 1 - 6.79 pa 100,000;
a matenda a shuga a 2 - 118.87.

Ndi gulu lazaka za ana:

mtundu wa shuga wodalira insulin - 86,73 pa ana 100,000;
mtundu wosadalira shuga wa insulin - 5.34 pa anthu 100,000;
mitundu ina ya matenda a shuga: 1.0 pa 100 miliyoni ya ana.

Poyerekeza ndi ziwerengero za 2015, kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulini kumawonjezeka ndi 16.53.

Muubwana:

mtundu wodwala wa matenda a insulin - 203.29 pa 100 miliyoni ya achinyamata;
osagwiritsa-insulin-odziimira - 6.82 pa 100,000 aliyense;
mitundu ina ya matenda a shuga - 2.62 a chiwerengero chomwecho cha achinyamata.

Ponena za zomwe zingachitike mu 2015, kuchuluka kwa omwe adazindikira kuti ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 m'gululi adakwera ndi 39.19, ndikulemba 2 - ndi 1.5 pa anthu zana limodzi.

Ponena za izi, kukula kumafotokozedwa ndi zizolowezi zowonjezera kulemera kwa thupi pakati pa ana ndi achinyamata. Kunenepa kwambiri kumadziwika kuti kumayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin.

Mu gulu la "akulu":

malinga ndi mtundu wodalira insulini - 179.3 pa anthu 100 miliyoni akulu;

mwa mtundu wopanda-insulin-wodziimira pawokha - 3286.6 pa kuchuluka kofanana;
zamitundu ina ya matenda ashuga - 62,8 milandu pa 100 miliyoni akulu.

Mugawo lino, kukula mu deta poyerekeza ndi 2015 kunali:

matenda a shuga 1 - 4.1 pa 100,000 onse;
matenda a shuga 2 - 161 ya akulu omwe;
zamitundu ina ya matenda ashuga - 7.6.

Mtengo

Chifukwa chake, zitha kunenedwa kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe apezeka ndi matenda a shuga akuchulukirachulukira. Komabe, izi zikuchitika pa zinthu zochepa kwambiri kuposa zaka zam'mbuyomu.

Pakati pa 2013 ndi 2016, kuchuluka kwa matenda osokoneza bongo kukupitirirabe, makamaka chifukwa cha matenda a mtundu 2.

Kapangidwe ka zomwe zimayambitsa imfa

Matenda a shuga ndi njira yoopsa komanso yoopsa yomwe anthu amamwalira.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa GRBSD, kuyambira pa Disembala 31, 2016, "mtsogoleri" paimfa pa chifukwa ichi anali zovuta zamtima zomwe zinalembetsedwa m'mitundu 1 ndi 2 matenda ashuga monga:

mavuto ndi kufalikira kwa magazi muubongo;
kulephera kwa mtima;
kugunda kwa mtima ndi stroko.

31.9% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga amtundu 1 ndi 49,5% omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 2 adamwalira ndi mavuto azaumoyo.

Wachiwiri, womwe umapangitsa anthu kufa:

ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga - kudwala matenda a impso (7.1%);
ndi mtundu 2, mavuto a oncological (10.0%).

Mukamayang'ana zovuta zakutsogolo za matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa mavuto monga:

odwala matenda a shuga (mtundu 1 - 2.7%, mtundu 2 - 0,4%);
hypoglycemic coma (mtundu 1 - 1.8%, lembani 2 - 0.1%);
poizoni wamagazi (septic) wamagazi (mtundu 1 - 1.8%, mtundu 2 - 0,4%);
zotupa zoopsa (mtundu 1 - 1,2%, mtundu 2 - 0,7%).

Izi zikusonyeza kuti ndi fomu yodalira insulin, kuchuluka kwa zovuta zakupha kwambiri, ndizomwe zimafotokozera zaka zazifupi zomwe anthu amakhala ndi matenda ashuga 1.

Kulembetsa Mavuto

Matenda a shuga ndi oopsa ndi zovuta zomwe zimayamba chifukwa cha kuwononga kwakutali kwa matenda amthupi. Ziwerengero zamatchulidwe ake ndizotsatirazi (kupatula deta ya St. Petersburg, chifukwa chosakwanira module pa intaneti).

Kwa odwala matenda ashuga amtundu 1 (peresenti ya anthu onse omwe ali ndi mavuto a "shuga"):

vuto la neuropathic - 33.6%;
retinopathic visualization - 27.2%;
matenda a nephropathic - 20.1%;
kuthamanga kwa magazi - mu 17.1%;
matenda a shuga a ziwiya zazikulu - 12.1% ya odwala;
"diabetes" phazi - 4,3%;
matenda a mtima - mu 3.5%;
zovuta zamisala - 1.5%;
myocardial infarction - 1.1%.

Matenda a 2 a shuga:

matenda oopsa - 40.6%,
neuropathy ya matenda a shuga - 18,6%;
retinopathy - mu 13.0%;
matenda a mtima - -.0.0%;
nephropathy a matenda ashuga - 6.3%;
zotupa za macroangiopathic - 6.0%;
matenda amisala - mu 4.0%;
myocardial infarction - 3,3%;
diabetesic phazi matenda - 2.0%.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti malinga ndi zambiri kuchokera mu renti, zovuta ndizochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi maphunziro omwe amafufuza.

Izi ndichifukwa choti zidziwitso zidalowetsedwa mu GRBS pa kusinthika, ndiye kuti, titha kungolankhula za milandu yodziwika yodziwira matenda osokoneza bongo komanso zovuta zake. Vutoli likuwonetsa kuchepa chidwi kwa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka.

Pakuwunika zomwe zidalembedwazi, 2016 ndiyofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa madera ambiri amasinthidwa kuti asungidwe pa intaneti. Kulembetsa kwasintha kukhala chidziwitso champhamvu chomwe chimakupatsani mwayi wowunika mwachangu komanso moyenera zidziwitso zamatenda ndi miliri yama milingo osiyanasiyana.

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