Dzinali shuga limachokera ku liwu Lachi Greek loti mtanda. Njira ya matendawa akufotokozedwa m'zaka za zana limodzi. n e. Arethaeus waku Kapadokiya. Pambuyo pake, polyuria ndi mawonekedwe a matendawa amaphatikizidwa m'gulu limodzi la pathologies. Matenda a shuga amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa mfundo zosangalatsa.
Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala moyenera kumakonzanso tsogolo la munthu komanso moyo wake. Kuperewera kwa mankhwala oyenera kumatha kubweretsa zotsatira zoyipa thupi, ndipo nthawi zina kufa.
Pali zinthu zingapo zosangalatsa za matenda ashuga zomwe anthu omwe adawafotokozera ayenera kudziwa.
Zambiri zokhudza matenda ashuga
Matenda a shuga ndi dzina lomwe limaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo ya matenda ashuga.
Posachedwa, madokotala anena kuti matenda a latent autoimmuneabetes LADA achulukira kawirikawiri.
Nthawi yomweyo, amalembetsa:
- lembani 1 ndikulemba matenda ashuga 2
- matenda ashuga
- shuga kwa achinyamata - MODI.
Chodziwika pamitundu yonseyi yamatenda ndikuchepa kwa mphamvu ya thupi yakuwongolera ndi kuwongolera shuga.
Kuchokera ku Greek, shuga imamasulidwanso kuti "siphon", yomwe imayimira kutulutsa kwamphamvu kwamkodzo mu mawonekedwe apamwamba a shuga. Matenda a shuga amatchedwa chomwecho chifukwa mkodzo umakhala wokoma nawo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'malowo.
Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa matenda ashuga kumapezeka mu ntchito ya Ebers kuyambira 1500 BC. e. Maphikidwe a decoctions adafotokozedwa pamenepo, omwe amatha kuthandizira pokodza kwambiri.
Zochititsa chidwi zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga zimaphatikizanso chidziwitso chakuti ana akhungu loyera ali ndi mwayi wopeza matenda amtundu wa shuga kuposa ana amitundu ina. Chiwerengero cha zochitika zikuchitikabe mosiyana mdziko lililonse.
Madokotala amazindikira zingapo zomwe zingachitike:
- matenda opitilira kumwana,
- lembani matenda ashuga 1 mwa amayi,
- kubadwa mochedwa
- preeclampsia pa mimba
- kulemera kwakukulu.
Ngakhale pali chidziwitso chokhudza matenda monga matenda ashuga, mfundo zosangalatsa sizikupezeka. Mwachitsanzo, asungwana achikulire omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chamadwala. Nthawi zambiri, amachepetsa mulingo wa insulin kuti muchepetse thupi mofulumira.
Amuna omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo amatha kuvutika ndi vuto la erectile kuposa amuna athanzi. Pafupifupi theka la amuna omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga opitilira zaka 50 amadandaula za mavuto obadwa nawo. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakumana ndi mavuto otere zaka 10-15 zapitazo kuposa anthu athanzi.
Anthu omwe ali ndi thupi lopangidwa ndi apulo amakonda kutengera matenda ashuga kuposa anthu okhala ndi thupi looneka ngati peyala. Amayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amakonda kupatsirana matenda achikazi chifukwa cha shuga wambiri.
Asayansi alibe chidziwitso chokwanira chokhudza matendawa. Kafukufuku wambiri adafunikabe kuti apange zoona zenizeni zokhudza matenda ashuga.
Amakhulupilira kuti pafupifupi shuga wamagazi amakhala wamkulu kwambiri mwa atsikana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso msambo. Anthu otere ali ndi mwayi wopezeka ndi matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis.
Kafukufuku wambiri awonetsa kuti kudya magawo a oatmeal kangapo pa sabata kumachepetsa kwambiri vuto la matenda ashuga a 2. Kutumikiridwa kamodzi kwa oatmeal 5-6 pa sabata kumachepetsa mwayi wodwala 39%.
Anthu onenepa kwambiri amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri pakukula kwa matenda, chifukwa mphamvu zambiri za insulin zimafunikira. Maselo amafuta amapanga mafuta achilengedwe aulere omwe amasokoneza kagayidwe ka glucose, kotero anthu onenepa kwambiri amakhala ndi ma insulin receptor ochepa.
Kuchulukitsa chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga ndi kusuta, omwe:
- amakhala ndimitsempha yamagazi
- imathandizira kumasulidwa kwa ma catecholamines omwe amathandizira kukana insulini,
- kumawonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Malinga ndi WHO, matendawa afika pamlingo wambiri. Asayansi akuyembekeza kuti pafupifupi 80% ya matenda atsopano a shuga awonekera m'maiko osatukuka pofika 2025.
Matenda a shuga akuti amayambitsa ziwengo zoposa miliyoni imodzi pachaka.
Zotsatira za matendawa zimakhalanso zowopsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale 5% yotsitsa khungu.
Zikhulupiriro wamba
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti matenda ashuga ndi matenda osachiritsika ndipo moyo wanga wonse ndiyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti ndikwaniritse shuga zingapo zamwazi. Mankhwala oterowo amaphatikizanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya pakamwa, kutsatira zakudya zopanda thanzi ndi kuyang'anira insulin.
Pankhaniyi, a 1 ndi 2 matenda a shuga ayenera kugawidwa. Ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda, palibe njira zina zochiritsira zosagwiritsa ntchito insulin. Mlingo woyenera uyenera kusankhidwa kutengera mtundu wa shuga. Chifukwa chake, mutha kubwerera ku zizindikiritso za shuga ndi moyo wonse.
Mankhwala a insulin ndi gawo loyamba la chithandizo chokwanira. Itha kuthandizidwa ndi:
- physiotherapy
- chakudya choletsa
- ntchito zolimbitsa thupi,
- zakudya zoyenera.
Ndi matenda 2 a shuga, ndizotheka kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga. Izi zitha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati munthu amadya chakudya nthawi zonse komanso kuchita zolimbitsa thupi moyenera ndi madokotala omwe amapezeka.
Potere, chifukwa chakusungidwa mafuta kosungirako, chidwi cha minofu pakuwonjezereka kwa insulin, ndipo mwa anthu ena chimabwezeretseka kwathunthu. Chifukwa chake, adokotala angasankhe kuyimitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa. Komabe, muyenera kutsatira zakudya moyo wanu wonse ndikukhala onenepa.
Nthano ina ndikuti madotolo amabzala anthu makamaka pa insulin. Izi zikuwoneka zachilendo kwambiri, chifukwa anthu onse athanzi amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa insulini, koma ikangosiya kupangidwira molondola, shuga amapangidwa.
Kuti munthu wodwala matenda ashuga asakhale osiyana ndi munthu wopanda matendawa, amafunika kubaya jakisoni wambiri akusowa.
Amakhulupirira kuti kusamutsira insulin mu mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga ndi gawo lovuta kwambiri la matendawa ndipo sipadzakhalanso njira yobwererera. Choyamba, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu amapanga insulin kwambiri kuposa momwe amafunikira. Komabe, zochita za insulin zimasokonekera, sizilamuliranso shuga.
Izi zimachitika kawiri kawiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri kwa thupi, pomwe mafuta ndiye chifukwa chochepetsera chidwi cha maselo, ndipo samazindikira insulini, ndiye kuti saziwona.
Popita nthawi, insulin yochulukirapo imabisidwa, ndipo chifukwa chake, chitsulo chimayikidwa katundu wolimba ndikuleka kugwira ntchito, osapanganso insulini. Kuwonongeka kwa zinthu kungawonedwe kwa zaka zingapo.
Nthawi zambiri mumatha kumva za kukanidwa kwathunthu kwa maswiti, komwe kumafunikira shuga, chowonadi chonse cha izi chimafotokozedwa m'mabuku azachipatala.
Ndi matenda a shuga a 2, inde, chakudya chofunikira ndizofunikira. Koma, palibe chifukwa chomwe muyenera kukhazikitsira chakudya chamafuta ochepa, chifukwa ndiye gwero lamphamvu lamphamvu mthupi la munthu.
Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri, chomwe ndi:
- Confectionery
- mitundu ya zipatso ndi timadziti,
- shuga
- masamba ndi mbewu zina.
Mutha kudya zakudya zokhala ndi chisonyezo chotsika cha glycemic, zimatenga pang'onopang'ono ndipo musachulukitse shuga kwambiri.
Ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, palibe zoletsa zovuta ngati izi. Ntchito yayikulu ya anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa ndi kusankha koyenera kwamapiritsi a insulin. Kumbukirani kuti mankhwalawa amasiyanasiyana kutengera
- nthawi ya tsiku
- kuzungulira tsiku mwa akazi
- mndandanda wamatumbo a mankhwala oledzera ndi zina zowonjezera.
Ngati mumapanga shuga mosalekeza ndikuwonetsetsa momwe insulini ilili mosiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti patapita kanthawi mfundo zambiri zisonkhanitsidwa zomwe zingakupatseni malonjezo okhudza Mlingo wofunikira mukamadya chakudya chilichonse.
Ndi mtundu 1 wa shuga, munthu amakhala wopanda malire posankha mbale, amangokhala ndi mphamvu yokhayo yowerengera mlingo.
Nthano ina: kuchokera ku mtundu uliwonse wa insulin, munthu amayamba kulemera. Awa ndimalingaliro olakwika wamba omwe amathandizidwa ndi anthu osiyanasiyana. Kulemera kwakuthupi kumabwera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulin, popanda chiphuphu chokwanira, komanso chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo wongokhala.
Pogwiritsa ntchito insulin yayikulu kwambiri, munthu amatha kugwa mu hypoglycemia kangapo patsiku. Nthawi yomweyo akuyesetsa kuti zinthu zisathe pang'onopang'ono pakudya zakudya zotsekemera.
Glucose mwachilengedwe imawonjezeka ndi:
- kudya kwambiri
- kwambiri hypoglycemia (pamene thupi liyankha kuchepa kwa shuga ndikumasulidwa koopsa kwa glycogen ku chiwindi),
- anaphonya hypoglycemia.
Muzochitika izi, munthu amatha kuwonjezera mlingo wa insulin, womwe umakulitsa kwambiri vutoli.
Nthawi yotsatira kwambiri hypoglycemia ikhoza kukhala. Kutsekemera kumadyedwa pamiyeso yayikulu, kenako shuga imachepetsedwa ndi insulin. Ndondomekozi zimatchedwa "kusinthika," chifukwa cha ma spikes mu glucose.
Osagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri ya zotsekemera ndi shuga. Ndikofunika kuphunzira kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu zamafuta izi kapena zomwe zili nazo.
Zambiri Zakukula
Matendawa ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amawononga pang'onopang'ono ziwalo zosiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zimayamba kudzikundana, zomwe zimatha kupha.
Nthawi zina, munthu amene akudwala matenda ashuga mwina sangadziwe mavuto ake. Zizindikiro zake za matendawa sizimawonekera konse. Ngati munthu sakudziwa zenizeni zokhudza matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti atha kukhala ndi:
- mavuto ndi mitsempha
- kutopa
- kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi.
Akuluakulu, ndikofunika kumayesedwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse, kuphatikiza kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Matenda a shuga amakhudza anthu azaka zonse. Matendawa amatha kuyamba zaka 80, ndi chaka chimodzi. Chifukwa cha zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala ndi chakudya mwachangu, anthu ochulukirachulukira akulemera, zomwe zimawonetsa kuti ndi shuga.
Ngati munthu akuvutitsidwa ndi ludzu pafupipafupi, ndikofunikira kuti musataye mtima, ndikuphunzira za shuga. Chikhumbo chosatha cha kumwa madzi ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu komanso choyambirira cha matenda ashuga. Asayansi amati moyo wamakono ndiwomwe umathandizira kuti matenda ashuga asinthe.
Pathology, nthawi zambiri, imayambitsa:
- sitiroko
- matenda a mtima
- mphira.
Mosalephera, chithandizo cha matenda a shuga chimawonetsedwa. Zakudyazo ziyenera kupangidwa kuti mutapeza zinthu zoyenera, pewani zakudya zamafuta ndi shuga.
Juvenile shuga mellitus adapezeka mwa ana opitilira 70,000 osakwana zaka 15. Matenda a shuga, nthawi zambiri amakhala opatsa mphamvu kwa amuna.
Mfundo khumi zosangalatsa kwambiri zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga zafotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
