Cholesterol wokwera amapezeka mwa anthu 80% azaka zopitilira 30. Komanso, chiopsezo cha hypercholesterolemia chimawonjezeka kwambiri pamaso pa matenda a shuga ndi kapamba.
Ngakhale zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, matendawa amafanana kwambiri. Chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu mawonekedwe awo ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya. Chifukwa chake pakudya mafuta ochulukirapo komanso zakudya zamafuta m'thupi, kapamba amasiya kugwira ntchito mwachilungamo, ndipo cholesterol imayikidwa m'makoma amitsempha yamagazi.
Zotsatira zake, atherosulinosis imayamba, matenda a mtima, matenda ammimba amawonekera, ntchito ya chiwindi ndi impso imasokonekera. Mavuto otere nthawi zambiri amafa. Popewa kukula kwa zotsatira zowopsa, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungadye ndi cholesterol yayikulu.
Zambiri za zakudya za hypercholesterolemia
Cholesterol ndi mowa wamafuta ofunikira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito moyenera. Kukula kwakukulu, amapangidwa m'chiwindi, ndipo ndi ochepa okha omwe amalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya.
Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa cholesterol m'mwazi ndi 5.2 mmol / l. Komabe, kutengera zaka ndi mtundu, zizidziwitso zimasiyana.
Chifukwa chake, kwa azimayi achikulire kuposa zaka 50, manambala mpaka 6,8 mmol / L amawonedwa kuti ndi abwinobwino, ndipo kwa amuna azaka zofanana - mpaka 7.0 mmol / L. Koma, ngati ndende ikupitilira 8.4 mmol / l, ndiye kuti pamakhala vuto lotere la hypercholesterolemia, lomwe lili patsogolo.
Monga mukudziwa, cholesterol imakhala ndi ochepa komanso otsika kwambiri lipoprotein. Zotsatirazi ndizothandiza kwa thupi, ndipo LDL imatha kuwonjezera ngozi ya mtima komanso mtima.
Pokhala ndi lipoprotein yochuluka kwambiri, zakudya zapadera No. 10 zimayikidwa.Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikuchotsa zakudya zowopsa zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo azakudya muzakudya, chifukwa cha momwe metabolidi a lipid amachitidwira, wodwalayo amatha kuchepa thupi.
Kuphatikiza pa hypercholesterolemia, zakudya zotere zimasonyezedwera:
- kunenepa;
- aakulu hyperglycemia;
- matenda oopsa
- kugwidwa ndi matenda a mtima.
Koma momwe mungadyere ndi mafuta ambiri a cholesterol? Zakudyazo ziyenera kuphatikizapo mafuta a polyunsaturated omwe amapezeka muzakudya za chomera. Chiwerengero chofunikira cha mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya, kuphatikiza michere ndi mavitamini ndi 100/70/250 magalamu patsiku.
Kudya kwa mapuloteni okhala ndi chakudya choterocho sikumangokhala kokha, koma kuyenera kupezedwa osati kuchokera ku nyama zamafuta, koma kuchokera ku mitundu yazakudya za nyama, nyemba, ndi zinthu zamkaka. Zinthu zamtengo wapatali zomwe zingachepetse cholesterol chizindikiro ndi mavitamini E, C, B, A, ndi mchere monga sodium, magnesium, iron, potaziyamu, phosphorous.
Ndi zakudya za hypocholesterol, ndikofunikira kudya mpaka katatu pa tsiku. Ndizosatheka kufotokoza.
Malamulo ena okhathamiritsa magazi a cholesterol yayikulu:
- Kumwa mchere ndi shuga (makamaka osinthidwa ndi uchi) kumangokhala 5 ndi 35 g patsiku.
- 200 ga buledi wopangidwa ndi ufa wonse wa tirigu amathanso kudyedwa patsiku.
- Kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amathanso kuledzera patsiku mpaka malita 1.2.
- Njira zotsimikizika zophikira ndizowiritsa, kuwongolera, kuphika, kuwotcha.
Ponena ndi zopatsa mphamvu, simungathe kudya zopitilira 1500 kcal patsiku. Komanso, mowa (makamaka mowa), khofi ndi zakumwa za shuga siziyenera kuphatikizidwa kumenyu.
Zoletsedwa ndi Zololedwa
Ndi hypercholesterolemia, simungathe kudya zakudya zamafuta zilizonse zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera mafuta m'thupi. Mwachitsanzo, ndizovulaza kudya nyama yamafuta, yomwe ndi mwanawankhosa ndi nkhumba. Ndiowopsa kudya mafuta anyama komanso nyama iliyonse.
Kutuluka kambiri kumatha kuwonjezera mafuta m'thupi. Makamaka pamaso pa atherosselotic zolembera, ubongo umatsutsana.
Zakudya zoletsedwa ndizophatikiza mkaka wonse, zonona zowoneka ngati tokha, tchizi, batala ndi zonona wowawasa. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kudya chilichonse chotsirizidwa, chakudya chofulumira, makeke, chokoleti, makeke kuchokera ku makeke amtundu wa mkate, mkate woyera.
Kuchulukana kwa cholesterol kumachitika ngati mugwiritsa ntchito nkhanu za mazira, nsomba za caviar ndi zina zam'madzi (nkhanu, eel, sardines). Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukana ma pickles, nyama yosuta, khofi, mowa ndi zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi za carbon.
Zovomerezeka, kugwiritsa ntchito komwe sikuti kumangovulaza ndi hypercholesterolemia, komanso kukhala mankhwala ofunikira omwe amakhalanso ndi mphamvu ya LDL ndi HDL cholesterol:
- Mbale - oatmeal, barele, buckwheat, mpunga wamafuta.
- Nyama ndi nsomba zamitundu yosakhazikika (sirloin yopanda khungu).
- Mafuta - zopangidwa kuchokera ku ufa wa chimanga chonse ndi chinangwa.
- Zopangira mkaka wowonda - kefir wopanda mafuta, tchizi tchizi, yogati, yogati.
- Mazira - zosaposa 4 yolks pa sabata.
- Masamba - nkhaka, biringanya, phwetekere, radishi, kabichi, beets, kaloti.
- Zipatso ndi zipatso - mphesa, zipatso za malalanje, apulo, maula, rasipiberi, cranberries.
- Zonunkhira - amadyera, mpiru, adyo.
- Leamu - anapiye, nyemba, soya.
- Mtedza ndi mbewu - ma cashews, nthangala za sesame, nthanga za maungu, ma almond.
Mwa zakumwa, amakonda kupatsidwa mankhwala azitsamba, zipatso ndi zipatso zamasamba ndi tiyi wobiriwira. Komanso tsiku limaloledwa kumwa chikho cha vinyo wofiira wouma.
Zakudya maphikidwe ndi maphikidwe athanzi
Pazololedwa za hypercholesterolemia, mutha kupanga osati zathanzi zokha, komanso mndandanda wazakudya sabata limodzi. Chachikulu ndikusankha ndikuphatikiza chakudya moyenera.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ziyenera kudyedwa m'mawa. Ndipo chakudya chamadzulo masana komanso chakudya chamadzulo, tikulimbikitsidwa kudya zakudya zama protein ndi mavitamini ambiri.
Gome ili pansipa likuwonetsa momwe mndandanda wazitsanzo za hypercholesterolemia ungawonekere:
| Chakudya cham'mawa | Chakudya chamadzulo | Chakudya chamadzulo | Tiyi yapamwamba | Chakudya chamadzulo | |
| Lolemba | Saladi yamasamba okhala ndi zamasamba, tchizi chamafuta ochepa, tiyi wobiriwira | Saladi wa phwetekere, nkhaka, zitsamba, zokometsera mafuta | Ng'ombe yophika ndi nyemba zobiriwira ndi phwetekere, zipatso zowuma zonse | Tchizi chamafuta ochepa, tiyi wazitsamba | Msuzi wophika masamba, saladi wokhala ndi tsabola, phwetekere, adyo, tchizi wopanda mafuta ambiri, wokometsedwa ndi mafuta |
| Lachiwiri | Yogati yopanda mafuta, granola yokhala ndi chinangwa | Apple kapena mphesa | Yophika nkhuku ndi masamba, mkate wa rye | Mphesa | Mapulogalamu abowa omelette, beetroot ndi saladi wa karoti wokazinga ndi yogati |
| Lachitatu | Mazira okazinga, masamba ophika, msuzi wa zipatso | Yoguwa ndi zipatso zouma | Mbatata za jekete, msuzi wa lentil, compote | Magulu a mphesa | Tuna mu msuzi wake, masamba |
| Lachinayi | Oatmeal ndi mtedza ndi zipatso zouma mkaka, kapu ya mkaka wa skim | Chiwegi (1%) | Buckwheat phala, biringanya, karoti ndi saladi wokoma wa tsabola ndi mafuta a maolivi, madzi a makangaza | Zipatso zouma ndi mtedza | Kapolo wokazidwa, saladi yam'madzi okongoletsedwa ndi mafuta a masamba |
| Lachisanu | Tchire lopindika tiyi wazitsamba wamasamba | Galasi ya karoti ndi apulo watsopano | Turkey akuba, masamba saladi, tiyi wazitsamba | Msuzi wa Rosehip | Ndewu yonyamula, masamba otentha |
| Loweruka | Phula lamphaka pamadzi, madzi aula | Wophika mkate ndi kanyumba tchizi | Tuna nsomba, masamba mphodza, mabulosi msuzi | Kissel | Msuzi wophika ndi mafuta a chimanga, tchizi wopanda mafuta, chidutswa cha mkate wa rye |
| Lamlungu | Rye mkate wowotcha, khofi wokhala ndi mkaka wa skim | Chimandarini kapena gulu la mphesa | Dzungu msuzi, nyemba yophika, msuzi wa rosehip | Mtundu wowotchera | Nsomba zothina, masamba ophika |
Ndi hypercholesterolemia, zakudya zosiyanasiyana zopanda thanzi zokha, komanso zosangalatsa. Chifukwa chake, ndi cholesterol yokwezeka, mutha kuphika curd ndi bowa ndi mbewu za caraway.
Kuti muchite izi, bowa (130 g) amawotchera ndi kuwiritsa kwa mphindi 15 m'madzi amchere ndi mbewu zamtengo. Kirimu tchizi (50 g), tchizi tchizi (250 g) zimasakanizidwa ndi bowa. Mbaleyi imathiridwa mchere pang'ono ndikuwazidwa ndi parsley.
Chinsinsi china cha zakudya ndi saladi yam'madzi. Kuti mukonzekere, muyenera squid (600 g), kirimu wowawasa 10% (30 g), mafuta a azitona (20 ml), anyezi awiri, mchere ndi allspice.
Zakudya zam'madzi choviikidwa mu madzi otentha amchere kwa mphindi ziwiri. Pambuyo poti squid imayikidwa nthawi yomweyo m'madzi ozizira, chotsani filimuyo ndikudula mphete.
Anyezi amayikhidwa, ndikumusankha mwanjira yomweyo, kenako nkuwaphika mu mafuta a maolivi. Amphaka amayikidwa mu poto, chilichonse chimaphimbidwa ndikuyika kwa mphindi zina ziwiri.
Kenako kirimu wowawasa, mchere ndi tsabola zimawonjezedwa ku anyezi ndi nsomba zam'nyanja. Chilichonse chimaphimbidwanso ndikusungidwa pamoto wamba kwa mphindi zisanu. Mbaleyo ikakonzeka - imasinthidwa kukhala mbale ya saladi ndikuwazidwa zitsamba zosankhidwa.
Chinsinsi china chosangalatsa chololeza mafuta ambiri ndi nkhuku yophika. Kuti mumuphike, nyamayi imamenyedwa pang'ono, owazidwa zitsamba, adyo ndikuwhatira mkaka kwa maola awiri. Kenako ikani chifuwa ndikuwotcha mu uvuni pamoto wochepa kwa mphindi 30-40. Mbaleyi ikhoza kupakidwa ndi masamba aliwonse.
Momwe mungadyere ndi ma triglycerides okwera komanso LDL akufotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
