Kodi matenda amtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 angachiritsidwe? Chithandizo cha mankhwala chapita patsogolo kwambiri, koma madokotala sanaphunzirebe za matenda a shuga. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, pomwe kapamba sangathe kutulutsa insulini ya mahomoni mulingo woyenera.
Ndichizolowezi kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga, komanso mkhalidwe wapadera wa thupi pakakhala mwayi wotenga matenda (prediabetes). Gawo loyamba la matenda ashuga limafunanso njira zofanana zamankhwala 1 ndi shuga 2.
Choyamba, amasonyezedwa kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuchepetsa shuga ngati pakufunika, ndikuwonanso zakudya zina.
Njira zonsezi zimathandizira kuchepetsa mkhalidwe wa munthu, kupewa zovuta za matenda. Gawo loyamba ndi matenda a shuga amapangitsa kuti mafuta aziziritsa, koma ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti musaphonye kuchuluka kwawo, chifukwa matenda a shuga sangachiritsidwe.
Zakudya poyambira gawo
Zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga koyambirira zimakhazikitsidwa pamndandanda wazakudya zambiri tebulo No. 8 ndi Na. 9, mfundo izi zaumoyo zimapangidwa munthawi za Soviet ndipo sizinathere pakadali pano mpaka pano.
Dongosololi limafotokoza momveka bwino mfundo zazikuluzakudya, zotsekemera komanso zoletsedwa kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi vuto la metabolic. Zakudya patebulo la nambala 9 ndizothandiza kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kulemera kwakuthupi, kumamatira ku tebulo nambala 8 ndikothandiza kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi gawo loyamba komanso lachiwiri la kunenepa kwambiri. Zopatsa thanzi pankhani yotsirizirayi zimasankhidwa makamaka poganizira mawonekedwe amunthu. Zakudyazo ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri wazakudya ndi endocrinologist.
Tebulo la Zakudya Zakudya Zachakudya Na. 9 ndilosavuta kwambiri kwa odwala, zomwe zili ndi zopatsa mphamvu zimakhalabe mkati mwa malire ofunikira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito mokwanira, zakudya za carbohydrate zokhazokha zomwe zili ndi index yayikulu ya glycemic siziperekedwa. Zakudya zomanga thupi zimayenera kudyedwa pang'ono, motero ndikofunikira kuti kagayidwe kachakudya kazikhala.
Panthawi ya matenda a shuga, wodwalayo samva kupweteka komwe kumachitika ndi mitundu ina ya zakudya:
- palibe kuchepa kwa michere;
- kupatula kumva osasangalatsa.
Kuchepetsa njala, kusowa kwa mphamvu, zakudya zamagulu ka shuga, mawonekedwe oyamba amakhudzana ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa mitundu yazomera Chakudya choterocho chimakhala ndi phindu pogwira ntchito pamimba yonse ya m'mimba, chimatsuka thupi kuti chisangidwe ndi poizoni, chomwe ndichofunikira mkhalidwe wa matenda ashuga.
Wodwalayo amakonda zakudya zotsekemera, azilamuliridwa kumwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuti asinthe shuga woyera, omwe pamodzi ndi uchi wachilengedwe, osayenera kunenepa kwambiri. Chofunikira ndikugula mafuta a shuga achilengedwe opangidwa kuchokera kuzomera.
Zakudya zamtundu uliwonse zophika zimatha kukonzedwa pamakoma a zotsekemera; amaloledwa kuwonjezeredwa tiyi, khofi ndi zakumwa. Mmalo mwa shuga ungagulidwe monga mapiritsi, ufa, umagulitsidwa m'masupikisano ndi masitolo m'madipatimenti apadera a odwala matenda ashuga.
Chithandizo cha gawo loyambirira la matenda ashuga chimafuna njira yapadera yophikira, zinthuzo ziyenera kuwotchera, kuphika kapena kuwotcha osagwiritsa ntchito mafuta poto yopanda ndodo. Ndizovomerezeka kudya chakudya, koma mulimonsemo, simungathe kudya mafuta ambiri, chifukwa kumayambiriro kwa matendawa:
- zidzakulitsa kagayidwe ka lipid;
- onjezerani zizindikiro za matendawa, kufunikira kwa zovuta.
Mankhwala othandizira pakudya koyambirira amachokera ku zakudya zomwe zimapangidwira, ku chakudya cham'mawa chamasana komanso chakudya chamadzulo, muyenera kuwonjezera zowonjezera zingapo, zomwe zimayeneranso malamulo azakudya.
Mu mndandanda wa tebulo la odwala matenda ashuga No. 8 zakudya zonse zomwezo ndi mfundo zakakonzedwe kololedwa. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti amachepetsa zakudya zomwe amapatsa zakudya. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo ali ndi mwayi wopewa mavuto angapo azaumoyo nthawi imodzi - boma la prediabetes, kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kumapangitsa chidwi cha hyperglycemia.
Kupanga kwamankhwala, phindu la menyu
Kodi matenda ashuga amathandizidwa ndi zakudya? Ndi njira yabwino, zakudya zoyenera zimathandizira kuyimitsa kupitilira kwa matenda. Pa gawo loyambirira la shuga, chithandizo ndi zakudya zimagawika m'magulu awiri, pali zosiyana zochepa pakati pawo, zimangokhala pazakudya za calorie zokha.
Kuphatikizika kwa mankhwala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimayenera kulowa m'thupi la wodwala tsiku lililonse, zomwe zingatheke komanso zomwe sizingadye, zikufotokozedwa pansipa.
Mapuloteni
Tsiku, popanda kunenepa kwambiri, munthu ayenera kudya mapuloteni 85-90 g, onenepa kwambiri wa mapuloteni 70-80 g amadyedwa, ndipo theka la chakudya chama protein limayenera kukhala m'mapuloteni a nyama.
Mafuta
Tebulo 9 limalola mafuta okwanira 80 g patsiku, tebulo 8 limachepetsa 70 lipids, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mafuta liyenera kukhala masamba ochokera masamba.
Zakudya zomanga thupi
Mosasamala mtundu wamtundu wa shuga mellitus, akuwonetsedwa kuti azidya chakudya chamafuta 300-350 g (osaneneka kunenepa kwambiri), mpaka 150 g (kwa onenepa).
Zakudya za calorie za tsiku ndi tsiku zikhala kuyambira 1600 mpaka 2400, kutengera mtundu waumoyo wa anthu, momwe amathandizira, komanso zizindikiro zolemetsa.
Mafuta
Ndikofunikira kumwa madzi ambiri, ngati munthu alibe kulemera kwambiri, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti amwe pafupifupi malita 2 a madzi oyera opanda mpweya patsiku, ndi kumwa pang'ono ndi kunenepa kwambiri, izi zimapewa kukulira kwa kupukutira ndi kuchuluka kwa thanzi.
Mavitamini ndi Maminolo
Ngati mumatha kudwala matenda ashuga kumayambiriro, muyenera kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mchere, koma ndibwino kusiya kotheratu. Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi gawo loyambirira la matendawa, osaposa mchere wa 3-8 g pa tsiku ndi tsiku omwe amapatsidwa.
Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, ndikofunikira kuti musamangodya kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu, osapanga popanda mavitamini ndi mchere wambiri. Pa tebulo la odwala matenda ashuga No. 8 ndi 9, dokotala yemwe adzapezekepo adzalembedwera:
- thiamine (vitamini B) - 1.5 mg;
- riboflavin (vitamini B2) - 2.2 mg;
- nicotinic acid (vitamini B3) - 1,8 mg;
- retinol (vitamini A) - 0,4 mg;
- ascorbic acid (vitamini C) - 100-150 mg.
Kwa wodwala ndikofunikira patsiku: potaziyamu (3.9 g), sodium (3.7 g), calcium (1 g), chitsulo (15-35 g), phosphorous (1.3 g).
Ponena za odwala onenepa kwambiri, pamlingo wopatsidwa mphamvu wowonjezera, kupeza kuchuluka kwa mavitamini ndi michere sikungachitike, chifukwa chake endocrinologist amalembera zina zowonjezera za multivitamin. Simungagule mavitamini popanda mankhwala, popeza kuchuluka kwambiri, komanso kuchepa kwa zinthuzi, kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa. Sikuti amatenga pokhapokha ngati thupi lanu siligwirizana ndi zovuta zina, zomwe zimangokulitsa chithandizo cha matenda ashuga poyambira.
Matenda a shuga mu gawo loyambirira la chithandizo ndi zinthu
Pochiza matenda ashuga kumayambiriro, zakudya zomwe zili zoyenera malinga ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi zimatenga gawo. Ayenera kuphatikizidwa muzakudya mokwanira. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudya mkate kuchokera ku ufa wa wholemeal, ufa wonse wa tirigu, ndi chinangwa; mbale zoyambirira zimadyedwa mopanda malire, ngati zimakonzedwa msuzi wa masamba, msuzi wamphesa wamafuta ndi msuzi wa nsomba sungakhale pagome la munthu mopitilira kangapo pamlungu.
Njira zochizira matenda ashuga koyambirira zimakhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito nsomba zam'madzi zochepa zomwe zimakonzedwa ndi mafuta ochepa, nyama zopangidwa ndi mafuta ochepa: nkhuku, nyama yamwana wamphongo, ng'ombe, kalulu, Turkey. Nsomba ndi nyama zimatha kuphika, kuwiritsa, kuwotcha.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zokwanira zam'mbali kumathandizira kuti matendawa asayambike: oat, mapira, phala la buckwheat, casseroles, masamba ophika, masamba ophika, pasitala kuchokera ku tirigu wa durum. M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kudya masamba omwe mumakhala munthawi yake; masamba akunja alibe kuchuluka kwamavitamini ndi mchere.
Katundu wa mkaka ayenera kupezeka muzakudya:
- skim mkaka wa ng'ombe yonse;
- tchizi chofufumitsa;
- kefir 1% mafuta.
Izi zimadyedwa mwatsopano kapena kuphatikizidwa ndi zophika zothimbirira.
Musaiwale za mazira a nkhuku, amadya chidutswa chimodzi patsiku, ndipo amaphika mtundu uliwonse. Kuyambira ndi chidwi, nyama yankhuku yophika, masamba a masamba ndi mbatata yosenda amaloledwa. Maswiti omwe aloledwa motere ndiwotsekemera komanso zipatso zosapsa; zipatso ndi zotsekera zakumwa zopanda shuga zoyera zimadyedwanso.
Mwa zakumwa, poyambirira, tiyi wamtundu uliwonse amamwa ndi mkaka, koma popanda shuga, choseketsa cha m'chiuno cha rose, zitsamba, madzi amchere, madzi osapsa, komanso tiyi wa amonke a shuga. Matenda kumayambiriro amafuna mafuta a masamba, batala amadyedwa kwambiri 10 g patsiku. Mwa ana kumayambiriro, zovuta za metabolic zimathandizidwa molingana ndi mfundo yofananira, kusiyana kumangokhala pazopatsa mphamvu za zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Matenda a shuga amathandizika ngati zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza ntchito ya thupi zimatayika, zomwe zimayambitsa shuga m'magazi.
Matenda a shuga koyambirira amayambitsa kupatula kuphika, muffin, chokoleti, cocoa, kupanikizana, mafuta osiyanasiyana, zotupa, zipatso zouma, nthochi, mphesa, uchi. Kuphatikiza apo, simungadye:
- nyama yamafuta;
- chiwindi;
- mafuta;
- mafuta ophikira;
- msuzi wamphamvu;
- mankhwala osuta;
- maapulo.
Sizoletsedwa kuphatikiza mkaka wamafuta, mafuta ophikira, ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
Malangizo popewa matenda a shuga kwa ana
Kodi kuchitira matenda ashuga koyambirira kwa mwana? Mbali yoyamba, kusintha kadyedwe ka wodwala kumathandiza, chodabwitsa cha matenda ashuga mwa ana ndichakuti matendawa amatha kupita patsogolo mofulumira kwambiri. Pazifukwa izi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kukhalapo kwa vuto malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake momwe zingathekere (gawo loyambirira la chithunzi).
Muubwana, matendawa amayamba kudzimva ndi ludzu losalekeza, pakamwa pouma, thukuta kwambiri, kukoka pafupipafupi, zikondwerero zamakhazi kumbuyo kwa mutu (ngati zizindikiro za matenda ashuga m'makanda ziyamba).
Pankhaniyi, chithandizo cha matenda ashuga ndi ntchito ya endocrinologist, ndipo makolo ayenera kuthandiza mwanayo: kutsatira zakudya zokhazikika, kugona mokwanira, kupumula, kuyenda mu mpweya watsopano, ndipo musaiwale zaubwino wama thanzi a shuga.
Gawo loyamba la matenda a shuga lingathe kuthandizidwa ngati muwapatsa mwana wanu kuti amwe kapu ya barele pokonzekera:
- balere imanyowa usiku m'madzi (madziwo amayenera kuphimba njirayo pafupifupi zala 4);
- wiritsani phala pamoto wochepa, madziwo akaphika, madzi amathiridwa.
Madzi ozizira amapatsidwa shuga kuchokera kwa ana pamimba yopanda chakudya chilichonse. Pazakudya, payenera kukhalanso ndi mbale za barele.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ndizosatheka kuchiza matenda amtundu wa shuga ngati adayamba kale, chifukwa chake zonse zotheka ziyenera kuchitidwa popewa matenda ashuga. Mutha kudya masamba ndi zipatso zambiri, mumakwiyitsa mwana, mumupatse mavitamini.
Nthawi zina mankhwala wowerengeka azitsamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira zothandizira, koma kodi matenda ashuga angachiritsidwe ndi maphikidwe a mankhwala ena? Mwina sichoncho, koma kuyimitsa njira za anthu odwala matenda a shuga 1 degree kumathandiza kwambiri.
Ngakhale mwana atadwala, koma alibe chiyembekezo chakukula kwa matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kuchita zonse zomwe zingatheke popewa kudwala. Nthawi zambiri, ndizokwanira kungosintha mndandanda wamba ndikukhala ndi chizolowezi chokhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Ngati mwana wa wachibale akudwala matenda a carbohydrate metabolism, chiopsezo chodwala chikuwonjezeka kangapo kamodzi.
Kodi ndi zakudya ziti zomwe muyenera kutsata matenda ashuga zomwe zafotokozedwa muvidiyoyi.
