Matenda a 2 a shuga amawoneka ngati matenda odziyimira pawokha. Komabe, machitidwe azachipatala akuwonetsa kuti ambiri mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa, pamlingo wina wa matenda, amafunikira majakisoni a mahomoni.
Chithandizo cha insulin tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tikwaniritse zolinga zina. Yoyamba mwa iwo ndi kukonzekera wodwalayo kuti am'chitire opareshoni kapena pamaso pa matenda owopsa.
Mlandu wachiwiri, kuyambitsa insulin kumayikidwa chifukwa chosakwanira kudya, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kumwa mankhwala. Izi ndi njira yokhayo yochepetsera glycemia.
Mankhwalawa matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga, insulin imayikidwa muyezo wa munthu, womwe uyenera kutsatira kwambiri. Kulephera kutsatira malingaliro a dokotala omwe akupezekapo kungayambitse vuto la hypoglycemic, lodzala ndi chikomokere.
Chifukwa chiyani kukonzekera kwa insulin ndikofunikira kwa odwala matenda ashuga? Ndi munthawi ziti zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kupatsirana mahomoni, komanso momwe mungasankhire mankhwala? Kodi shuga amapezeka pamlingo uti wa shuga? Tiyankha mafunso amenewa ndi enanso munkhaniyi.
Zizindikiro Za Matenda A shuga
Musanadziwe kuti insulini ikufunika bwanji kwa matenda a mtundu wachiwiri, tikupeza zomwe zimawonetsa ngati matenda "okoma". Kutengera mitundu yamatenda ndi mawonekedwe a wodwalayo, mawonetseredwe azachipatala amasiyanitsidwa pang'ono.
Muzochita zachipatala, Zizindikiro zimagawika m'mizere yayikulu, komanso zachiwiri. Ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda ashuga, Zizindikiro zake ndi polyuria, polydipsia, ndi polygraphy. Izi ndi zinthu zitatu zazikuluzikulu.
Kukula kwa chithunzi chachipatala kumadalira momwe thupi limvera kuti chiwonjezere shuga, komanso mulingo wake. Amadziwika kuti nthawi yomweyo, odwala amawona zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana.
Onani zambiri mwatsatanetsatane:
- Polyuria imadziwika ndi kukodza pafupipafupi komanso kopanda mphamvu, kuwonjezeka kwamphamvu kwamkodzo patsiku. Mwachizolowezi, shuga sayenera kukhala mkodzo, koma ndi T2DM, shuga amawonekera kudzera mu mayeso a labotale. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi usiku, pamene shuga wambiri amachoka m'thupi kudzera mkodzo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi atheretu.
- Chizindikiro choyamba chikugwirizana kwambiri ndi chachiwiri - polydipsia, chomwe chimadziwika ndi chikhumbo chofuna kumwa nthawi zonse. Kuthetsa ludzu ndikovuta kokwanira, mutha kunena zambiri, mwina zosatheka.
- Kusindikizanso ndi "ludzu", koma osati zakumwa, koma chakudya - wodwalayo amadya kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo sangathetse njala yake.
Ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, motsutsana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chikhumbo, kuchepa kwambiri kwa thupi kumawonedwa. Ngati nthawi singayang'ane izi, chithunzicho chimatsogolera kumadzi.
Zizindikiro zochepa za endocrine pathology:
- Kusenda kwa pakhungu, mucous nembanemba.
- Kufooka kwa minofu, kutopa kwambiri, kuchita zolimbitsa thupi pang'ono kumabweretsa kutopa kwambiri.
- Kumauma pakamwa komwe madzi amadzimadzi sangathe.
- Pafupipafupi migraine.
- Mavuto ndi khungu, omwe ndiovuta kuthana ndi mankhwala.
- Kuchuluka kwa manja ndi miyendo, kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe, kuzizira pafupipafupi ndi matenda opumira, matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Pamodzi ndi zizindikiritso zazikulu komanso zachiwiri, matendawa amadziwika ndi enieni - kuchepa kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi, kuchepa kwa malo owawa, mavuto omwe ali ndi kuthekera kwa erectile mwa amuna.
Zisonyezo za mankhwala a insulin
Zizindikiro zazikulu za kuperekera mankhwalawa ndikuphwanya magwiridwe antchito a kapamba. Popeza chiwalo chamkati chimagwira mbali zonse za kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi, ndipo kusokonezeka kwa ntchito yake kumayambitsa zovuta mu ziwalo zina zamkati ndi ziwalo.
Maselo a Beta ali ndi udindo wopanga zinthu zachilengedwe zokwanira. Komabe, ndikusintha komwe kumayenderana ndi m'badwo mthupi pakakhala mavuto ndi kapamba, kuchuluka kwa maselo yogwira kumachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale insulin.
Ziwerengero zamankhwala zikuwonetsa kuti "zomwe akumana nazo" za endocrine pathology wazaka 7-8, pazambiri zamatenda azachipatala, amafunikira mankhwala.
Kodi mankhwalawo amaperekedwa kwa ndani ndipo ndi liti? Ganizirani zifukwa zomwe mwaperekera matenda amtunduwu:
- Dera la hyperglycemic, makamaka, mtengo wa shuga ndiwopamwamba kuposa magawo 9.0. Ndiye kuti, kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali kwa matenda.
- Kumwa mankhwala kutengera sulfonylureas.
- Kutopa kwamatenda.
- Kuchulukitsa kwa concomitant aakulu pathologies.
- Kuyambira mitundu ya shuga ya Lada; zovuta pachimake (matenda opatsirana, kuvulala kwambiri).
- Nthawi yokhala ndi mwana.
Odwala ambiri amayesetsa m'njira iliyonse kuti achedwetse tsiku loti apangire jakisoni. M'malo mwake, palibe chomwe mungadandaule nacho, m'malo mwake, pali njira yoperekedwa yomwe imathandiza anthu omwe akudwala matenda osachiritsika kukhala ndi moyo wokwanira.
Zochita zimawonetsa kuti posachedwa, insulin imayikidwa mtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2. Njira iyi ya chithandizo imangoleketsa kuchepetsa zizindikiro zoyipa, komanso imathandizira kupitilira kwa matendawa, imakankhira kumbuyo zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zingachitike.
Cholinga cha pulani yotereyi iyenera kutsimikiziridwa, apo ayi izikhala ndi gawo loyipa.
Chifukwa chiyani mahomoni amawerengedwa?
Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani kukonzekera kwa insulin kuyenera kuthandizira matenda a shuga? Momwe kuchuluka kwa shuga kumapitilira chizindikiro cha magawo 9.0, ndiye kuti shuga iyi imakhudzanso magwiridwe antchito a maselo a pancreatic beta.
Matenda a glycemia okwera kwambiri amatsogolera ku mfundo yoti mwayi wopanga zinthu zachilengedwe umatsekedwa m'thupi la munthu. Mkhalidwe wamtundu woterewu umatchedwa glucotoxicity muzochita zamankhwala.
Glucotoxicity amatanthauza kupanga mahomoni kudzera mu kapamba poyankha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi. Akatswiri azachipatala adawona kuti glycemia yayikulu pamimba yopanda kanthu imayamba kupita patsogolo chakudya.
Mu mbeera eno, ebintu tebyatandikibwako, olw'okuba omusono tegulabika, tegukkiriza kusuubiza mulundi guno ssogi egiyingira mu musaayi. Matenda a hyperglycemic aakulu amatsogolera pakufa kwa ma cell a beta, kapenanso, kupangika kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi la munthu nthawi zonse kumakhala kokwanira - asanadye, mutatha kudya, usiku, panthawi yolimbitsa thupi, etc.
Popanda thandizo lakunja motsutsana ndi maziko a zotumphukira zotere, munthu sangathe kuchita, wodwalayo amalumikizidwa ndi insulin. Mlingowo umapangidwira payekhapayekha, izi monga mibadwo ya wodwala, mankhwala, zakudya, ndi zina zotere.
Mu shuga mellitus wamtundu wachiwiri, chithandizo chochepa cha insulin chimathandizira kubwezeretsa maselo a pancreatic, omwe amathandizira kupanga zawo. Zingwe zimathetsedwa pamaziko a kafukufuku wazoyimira shuga. Kusanthula kumachitika mu chipatala chilichonse.
Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 omwe amapezeka ndi insulin amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala, omwe amakupatsirani kusankha mitundu yonse ya chithandizo cha matenda ashuga 1 ndi wodwala 2.
Monga lamulo, m'magawo oyamba a matenda a endocrine, jakisoni wa insulin sawonjezeranso kawiri patsiku. Odwala ambiri amafunsa ngati mankhwala okhala ndi insulin angatayidwe.
Funso lotere limakhala limodzi nthawi zonse ndi kuwopa kwa odwala kuti ma jakisoni adzakhala ofunika pamoyo wawo wonse. M'malo mwake, ndikofunikira kubwezeretsa kugwira ntchito kwathunthu kwa kapamba.
Pambuyo pa kubwezeretsa kwa glycemic, jakisoni amatha kutseka, odwala akamamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti azigwira bwino ntchito.
Simungathe kuchepetsa mlingo palokha ngati zinthu zikuyenda bwino, ndizoletsedwa kusintha mtundu wina ndi wina.
Insulin makonzedwe a mtundu 2 matenda a shuga: achire kwenikweni
Kufunika kwa insulin pochiza matenda a shuga sikukayikira. Kuchita zamankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali kwatsimikizira kuti kumathandizira kutalikitsa moyo wa wodwalayo, pomwe nthawi imodzimodziyo akuchedwa ndikubweretsa zotsatira zoyipa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Chifukwa chiyani ndikufunika kubayitsa mahomoni? Cholinga ichi chimakwaniritsa cholinga chimodzi - kukwaniritsa ndi kutsata hemoglobin wa glycated, glucose pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya.
Ngati, ponseponse, insulin yodwala matenda ashuga ndi njira yokuthandizirani kumva bwino, kwinaku ndikuchepetsa kupitilira kwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndikutchinjiriza zovuta zosapezekanso.
Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin kumapereka zotsatirazi zochizira:
- Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala omwe mumalandira kumachepetsa glycemia, pamimba yopanda kanthu ndikatha kudya.
- Kuchulukitsa kwa mahomoni a pancreatic poyankha kukondoweza ndi shuga kapena kudya zakudya.
- Kutsika kwa gluconeogenesis ndi njira ya metabolic yomwe imatsogolera pakupanga shuga kuchokera kumagulu osagwiritsa ntchito chakudya.
- Kukula kwa shuga kwa chiwindi.
- Linachepa lipolysis pambuyo chakudya.
- Kutsitsa pang'onopang'ono kwa mapuloteni m'thupi.
Mankhwala a insulin a matenda a shuga a 2 amakhala ndi phindu pa kagayidwe kazakudya zam'mimba, lipids ndi mapuloteni m'thupi la munthu. Zimathandizira kuyambitsa mawonekedwe ndi kuponderezana kwa kuwonongeka kwa shuga, lipids ndi amino acid.
Kuphatikiza apo, imasinthasintha kuchuluka kwa zizindikiritso chifukwa kuwonjezeka kwa kayendedwe ka glucose kupita ku ma cellular, komanso chifukwa cha kuletsa kwake kupanga kudzera pachiwindi.
Horm imalimbikitsa lipoogiis yogwira, imachepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamafuta acids mu metabolism yamphamvu, imathandizira kupanga mapuloteni, ndipo imalepheretsa minofu ya protein.
Matenda a shuga ndi insulin
Kodi insulin imalembedwa liti? Monga taonera kale, pali zisonyezo zina pazolinga izi. Mwanjira ina, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumachitika chifukwa cha zithunzi zamankhwala pomwe njira zina momwe amamwa mankhwala, zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, zakudya zoyenera, sizinapereke zotsatira zochizira.
Palibe chifukwa chake mukamakana kupereka insulin chifukwa choopa jakisoni, kudziphatikiza mosalekeza pa fomu ya mlingo. Zachidziwikire, popanda chinthu ichi, thupi limayamba "kugwa", lomwe limayambitsa matenda oyambitsidwa.
Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti odwala amayamba kubayila insulin ndi mantha, koma pakapita nthawi amazindikira kuyesetsa kwa mankhwalawa. Chofunikira ndikuti ngati nkotheka kuyamba kulandira chithandizo munthawi, pomwe ma cell a beta sanamwalire, ndiye kuti izi zimakupatsani kubwereranso magwiridwe antchito komanso kupatula nthawi kusiya ntchito.
Kuchita insulin yothandizira odwala matenda ashuga kumakhala ndi zinthu:
- M'pofunika kutsatira mosamalitsa machitidwe a matenda a shuga a mtundu 2, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka ndi kutsata kwa makonzedwe.
- Zida zamakono zimakupatsani mwayi wodziwitsa ululu. Pogulitsa pali zolembera zapadera zomwe zimakonzedwa ndi mankhwalawa, ndiye zimaphatikizidwa kumalo omwe mukufuna, kukanikiza batani kumapereka zofunikira za chinthu.
- Jekeseni amatha kuchitidwa mu ntchafu, mikono, miyendo, m'mimba (kupatula navel).
Mankhwala a insulin a shuga amafunika kutsatira kwambiri malangizo onse a dokotala.
Chithandizo chanzeru chimakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wokwanira ndi shuga wabwinobwino.
Kodi insulin ndiyiti yabwino?
Odwala ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ngati matenda ashuga apezeka, ndiye kuti moyo watha. M'malo mwake, chithunzichi ndichosiyana, insulin yothandizira mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri imalola kuti shuga azingidwe pamaselo, chifukwa chomwe mphamvu yofunikira ya ziwalo zamkati ndi machitidwe zimaperekedwera.
Kuti ayeserere secretion ya basal, dokotala atha kukupatsirani mankhwala a nthawi yayitali kapena wowonekera nthawi yayitali. Oyamba amaphatikizapo mayina ngati awa a mankhwala: insulin Protafan NM, Insuman Bazal; ku gulu lachiwiri - Tresiba, Lantus.
Ngati mulingo wa mankhwalawa umasankhidwa moyenera, ndiye kuti magazi a "amayima" m'malo: samachuluka kapena kuchepa. Mtengo uwu umasungidwa pamlingo wofunikira maola 24.
Insulin yosavuta yochizira matenda a shuga imayambitsidwa motere: pakati pa chakudya ndi jakisoni, kusiyana kwa mphindi 30 kumapitilizidwa. Izi ndizofunikira kuti nsonga ya zotsatira za mankhwalawo igwe panthawi yomwe kukhale shuga.
Kodi insulini yabwino kwambiri ndi iti? Mwina ili ndiye funso lofunsa kwambiri kwa odwala omwe anazindikira kwathunthu kuti sizingatheke kupewa mankhwalawa. Ndizovuta kuyankha funsoli, popeza pali zikhulupiriro zambiri zabodza komanso malingaliro olakwika okhudzana ndi chithandizo cha dongosolo lotere.
Chochititsa chidwi ndichakuti si odwala okha omwe akulakwitsa, komanso madotolo, motero, mankhwala abwino kwambiri ndi omwe amakupatsani mwayi kuti mulipirire matenda amisala.
Zowonjezera: zakudya komanso masewera
Mudazindikira kuti amapangira jakisoni, momwe mungasankhire mankhwala, ndipo mukafunikira kuchita izi, lingalirani za mfundo zazikulu pakuchiritsa matenda. Tsoka ilo, ndizosatheka kuthetsa matenda ashuga kwamuyaya. Chifukwa chake, njira yokhayo yowonjezera chiyembekezo cha moyo komanso kuchepetsa zovuta za jakisoni.
Kodi insulin ingavulaze bwanji? Pali vuto linalake pakuthandizira kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda osokoneza bongo kudzera m'mahomoni. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mukapaka jakisoni, zimayambitsa mapaundi owonjezera.
Matenda a 2 a shuga pa insulin ndi chiopsezo cha kunenepa kwambiri, motero ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti wodwalayo azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti achulukitse mphamvu ya minofu yofewa. Kuti njira yothandizira mankhwalawa ikhale yothandiza, chisamaliro chapadera chimaperekedwa ku zakudya.
Ngati ndinu wonenepa kwambiri, ndikofunikira kutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwamafuta ndi chakudya pamenyu. Mankhwalawa amayenera kuikidwa poganizira zakudya zanu, muyenera kuyeza shuga kangapo patsiku.
Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndi njira yovuta kwambiri, yomwe zakudya ndi masewera, ngakhale ndi kukhazikika kwa glycemia wofunikira.
Zambiri za matenda a shuga a Type 2 amaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
