Type 2 shuga

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amadziwika ndi zovuta za metabolic, makamaka kagayidwe ka shuga (shuga) ndi lipids. Mawu akuti "shuga mellitus" amaphatikiza mitundu ingapo ya nosological yomwe ili yofanana ndi zizindikiro zawo, koma amasiyana mu kapangidwe ka kayendedwe ka njira ndi njira zothandizira kuti athetse.

Matenda a shuga a Mtundu Wathupi ndi amodzi mwa mitundu omwe ndiofala kwambiri. Mu 80% ya odwala onse, matenda amtunduwu amapezeka, ndipo pafupifupi 50% ya odwala sakudziwa za kukhalapo kwa matendawa chifukwa cha asymptomatic maphunziro ake. Nkhaniyi ikufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zimayambitsa maonekedwe a matenda, zizindikiro, matenda ndi njira zochizira.

Zambiri

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mpaka 5% ya anthu mdziko lililonse ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndipo pakati pa okalamba ndi omwe ali ndi matupi amomwe thupi limakhazikika, 20c%. Ndi matenda amtunduwu a endocrine omwe amakhala amodzi mwa malo otsogolera pakati pazomwe zimayambitsa kulumala ndi kufa kwa odwala (ndizotsogolera matenda okhaokha a mtima ndi zotupa).

Ngati tikulankhula za matenda ashuga, zifukwa zomwe zimakula zimaphatikizapo zinthu izi:

• kuchuluka kwa majini omwe amathandizira pakukula kwa matendawa akuwonjezeka;
• m'maiko otukuka kumene, chiwonjezeko cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga chikuwonjezereka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu;
• kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, zizolowezi zoyipa, kulemera kwa thupi la pathological - zinthu izi zikuwonekera kwambiri m'moyo mwa oimira gulu;
• kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa ma atherosselotic m'zotengera kumawonjezeka.

Kuzindikira kwakanthawi kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa matendawa m'magawo oyambirira ndikuletsa kutalika kwake

Kodi matendawa amayamba bwanji ndipo amatuluka bwanji?

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 (non-insulin amadalira shuga mellitus, NIDDM) amadziwika ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi a wodwala, omwe amawoneka chifukwa cha zomwe maselo ndi minyewa yamthupi yake imasiya kumva insulin. Thupi limakhala ma pancreatic timadzi timene timayendetsa glucose komanso kulowa kwake m'maselo. Poyerekeza ndi zomwe zasintha zingapo, zolandila maselo achilengedwe siziwona "mahormoni", ngakhale mulingo wake ndi wokwanira kumaliza ntchitoyo.

Khalidweli

Pakadali pano, sitikukayikira kuti zinthu zobadwa mwanjira inayake zimathandizira pakupanga matenda amisala. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wazachipatala, kupangidwira kwamtundu wa matenda ashuga 2 sikungocheperanso gawo limodzi lofanana ndi mawonekedwe a matenda 1 amtundu wa insulin.

Kutsimikizira - kupezeka kwa matendawa 95% nthawi yomweyo m'mapasa onse awiri. Komabe, magawidwe otenga nawo gawo “zakuthambo” sanaphunziridwe kwathunthu. Pali njira ziwiri zomwe mungachite:

• Mitundu iwiri imachita nawo matendawa, omwe sagwirizana kwenikweni. Woyamba ndi womwe umapangitsa kuti pakhale kuphwanya kwa mahomoni ndi kapamba, wachiwiri - pochepetsa chidwi cha maselo ndi minofu yake.
• Pali kuphwanya mu dongosolo la "kuzindikira" mamolekyulu a shuga ndi maselo odziwa insulin.

Lumikizani kunenepa

Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwambiri, kumakhala kwakukulu kwa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, ndipo ngati kuchuluka koyamba kwa kulemera kwa thupi kumachulukitsa zoopsa, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwake kokwanira kwambiri maulendo 10-12.

Malo otsogola amapatsidwa mafuta "amkati", omwe amayikidwa kuzungulira ziwalo. Ndi kukhalapo kwake komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kuyambika kwa matendawa ndi zinthu zina zoyambitsa (kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol yamagazi, kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchepa kwa chidwi cha insulin).

Kukhalapo kwa wosanjikiza wamafuta ochulukirapo ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimayambitsa "matenda okoma"

Kuperewera kwa vuto m'thupi

Asayansi atsimikizira kuti kuperewera kwa zakudya mkati mwa intrauterine komanso zaka 1-3 zoyambirira kumachepetsa kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba. Poyang'ana koyamba, izi zimamveka zachilendo, komabe, zimadziwika kuti mwana amabadwa ndi maselo athunthu a ubongo, glomeruli la impso ndi theka lokha la kuchuluka kwa maselo achinsinsi a insulin omwe amapezeka m'thupi la munthu wamkulu.

Kutopa kwapancreatic

Amakhulupirira kuti maellilus osadalira insulin omwe amatha kudwala chifukwa cha kusakhazikika pakati pa ntchito ya gland ndi chidwi cha mahomoni am'maselo a thupi. Pamene minofu imayamba kuyankha kuchepa kwa timadzi, timene timayesa kulipiritsa mkhalidwewo mwa kupanga kwambiri insulin. Malingana ngati amatha kuchita izi pamlingo woyenera, chidwi chimatha "kuwongolera".

Matenda atayamba kutha, matenda amayamba, omwe pakapita nthawi amatha kusintha mtundu umodzi wa matenda.

Zoyambitsa

Kuphatikiza pa zifukwa zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa ngozi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa atengepo gawo zimachititsanso kuti pakhale mtundu wa matenda a shuga 2. Izi zikuphatikiza:

Zakudya Zololedwa ndi Matenda Awiri A shuga

• zakudya zosayenera (kudya kwambiri, kudya mafuta ambiri);
• kusowa koyenera koyang'anira madzi;
• moyo wosachita;
• uchidakwa
• kusuta;
• kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakanthawi kwa mankhwala angapo (mahomoni a adrenal cortex, diuretics, antipsychotic);
• zaka (zaka zopitilira 45-50);
• mbiri ya matenda a shuga (mawonekedwe omwe amakhudza amayi apakati oyembekezera);
• polycystic ovary;
• kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi cholesterol "yoyipa";
• matenda ena (Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome, chotupa cha adrenal gland, acromegaly).

Potengera zakumwa za pheochromocytoma (chotupa cha adrenal gland), mitundu iwiri ya "matenda okoma" ikhoza kupezeka

Magawo ndi madigiri a matenda

Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kuwongolera odwala kumasankhidwa malinga ndi kuuma kwa matenda ake:

• Zosavuta - ziwerengero za shuga zamagazi sizidutsa pakhomo la 8.5 mmol / l, palibe glucose mumkodzo. Odwala sangakhale ndi madandaulo, chifukwa ambiri aiwo sadziwa ngakhale kuti matendawa alipo.
• Zizindikiro zapakatikati - glycemia pamtunda wa 8.5 mmol / l, Zizindikiro zikukula. Type 2 shuga mellitus amawonekera poti odwala amadandaula kuti amakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kumwa, kukodza kwambiri, kudandaula za zotupa pakhungu, komanso kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe awo.
• Zambiri - zowonetsedwa ndi zovuta zama metabolic. Ambiri odwala matenda ashuga amakumana ndi zovuta kuchokera kuzowonetsa, impso, ndi ubongo. Chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kupweteka kwa zikomokere.

Kutengera kuchuluka kwa glycemia ndi kuchuluka komwe angathe kusungidwa muzovomerezeka, amasiyanitsa:

• shuga wolipidwa;
• shuga wambiri;
• kubwezera boma.

Mu mawonekedwe oyambilira, zochitika zimachitika mwanjira yoti zizindikiro za shuga zili pafupi kwambiri. Sifunika chithandizo champhamvu chamankhwala, chitha kuwongoleredwa mothandizidwa ndi mokwanira masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kudya.

Mkhalidwe wogwirizira umafunikira chithandizo chachikulu, ndipo mkhalidwe wamba wa wodwalayo umafunikira kuwongoleredwa. Izi ndizofunikira popewa kupitirira kwa matendawa komanso kupewa zovuta zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa kulumala.

Matenda a shuga ophatikizika ndi omwe amasiyana kwambiri ndi matenda. Monga lamulo, awa ndi magawo operewera, omwe amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a matenda ashuga retinopathy (kuwonongeka kwa maso mpaka khungu), nephropathy (kulephera kupweteka kwa aimpso), kuwonongeka kwa maselo a ubongo ndi mitsempha yamagazi.

Zizindikiro

Kukhazikika kwa matendawa, mosiyana ndi mtundu 1 wa matenda, kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. Matendawa amatenga nthawi yayitali, odwala ambiri amaphunzira za kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga atalandila nephrologist, ophthalmologist, neuropathologist. Kuzindikira kumatha kuchitika pambuyo potsatira mayeso azachipatala malinga ndi zotsatira za mayeso a labotale.

Odwala amadandaula za kukoka pafupipafupi, kufuna kudya madzi ambiri, kufooka kwakukulu komanso kutopa msanga. Odwala akuti amatopa msanga komanso kumva kuwawa pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa chilakolako chofuna kudya, kukokana kwa usiku, kusintha kwa zowoneka bwino zoipitsitsa, zotupa zimapezeka pakhungu.

Mwa zizindikiro, mutha kuwerengera kukhalapo kwa matendawa, koma matendawa amatsimikiziridwa pokhapokha ndi kafukufuku wa zasayansi

Zofunika! Amuna amadandaula za kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana, kudzimana koyambirira, kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana panthawi yomwe munthu amakhala ndi chilakolako chogonana.

Matenda a Type 2 omwe ali kale paulendo woyamba kukaonana ndi adokotala atha kukhala limodzi ndi mawonetsedwe otsatirawa:

• kuchuluka kwa shuga - 100% ya milandu;
• pathological thupi - 80%;
• kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi musanadye - 78%;
• kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi - 50%;
• kuchuluka kwa cholesterol "yoyipa" m'magazi - 50%;
• matenda a mtima ndi mtima - 30%;
• kuwonongeka kwa maso ndi zotumphukira zamanjenje - 15-20%;
• kuwonongeka kwa impso - 5-7%.

Kodi matendawa amapezeka bwanji?

Pali maphunziro oyambira komanso owonjezera omwe amatsimikizira kuti amadziwika. Zomwe zikuluzikulu zimaphatikizanso kukonzanso kwa shuga za magazi (chakudya cham'mimba, kapilili) musanadye komanso maola ochepa mutatha kudya zakudya m'thupi, kuyesedwa kwa shuga komanso kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa ma hemoglobin a glycosylated.

Kafukufuku wowonjezera:

• C peptide;
• mulingo wa insulin;
• magazi zamankhwala.

Zisonyezero zakugoneka kwa wodwala kuchipatala:

• kubwezeredwa kwa matendawa;
• kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zam'munsi zopweteka ndi kupezeka kwa kusintha kwa trophic pakhungu;
• nthawi yobereka mwana;
• pafupipafupi kuzunzidwa kwa kuchepetsa shuga m'masiku 30 apitawa;
• mavuto a matenda (retinal hemorrhage, gangrene of the m'mphepete, kugunda kwa mtima, chikomokere).

Ngati matendawa sanakhazikitsidwe, koma ndikukaikira kukhalapo kwake, kuwunika kofufuza kumachitika. Pongoyambira, ziwerengero zamasamba osala kudya zimayesedwa. Ngati manambala alipo 5.5-6.1 mmol / L m'magazi kuchokera chala kapena 6.1-7 mmol / L kuchokera m'mitsempha, dokotala amakupatsani mayeso okhala ndi shuga.

Glucose ufa wofufuza ungagulidwe ku pharmacy

Sichichitika mu nthawi yovuta ya matendawa kapena ngati wodwala akuchita chithandizo cha mahomoni, okodzetsa, amtundu wa beta. Kuzindikira ndi motere:

• masiku atatu omaliza kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta sikuchepera;
• m'mawa wodwala samadya, mutha kumwa madzi okha;
• kutenga magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha kapena chala;
• phunziroli limamwa yankho lokoma potengera ndi shuga;
• pambuyo 2 maola, biomaterial amatengedwanso chimodzimodzi.

Kusanthula kwina kofunikira ndi kuphunzira kwa glycosylated hemoglobin. Anthu athanzi amakhala ndi zotsatira kuyambira 4 mpaka 6%. Mu odwala matenda ashuga, ziwerengero zimatengera kuchuluka kwa glycemia. Pathology imatengedwa kuti ndi chifukwa pamwambapa 6.5%.

Zochizira

Zolinga zazikulu za chithandizo:

• kukwaniritsa kuyang'anira kokwanira pamayendedwe amitundu ndi njira ya kagayidwe kachakudya;
• kupewa chitukuko cha mtima mavuto.

Njira zamakono zamankhwala zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira kudya, zolimbitsa thupi, mankhwala.

Werengani zambiri za mfundo zamankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga a mtundu 2 omwe alembedwa.

Kukonzanso zakudya

Zolinga zazikulu za chithandizo cha zakudya:

• kupewa magazi ochulukirapo atatha kudya;
• kulimbana ndi pathological kulemera;
• Kuchotsa "cholesterol" yoyipa "m'thupi;
• kuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi zovuta za matendawa;
• kupatsa thupi mavitamini onse ofunika, michere, michere.

Katswiri woyenera wa zakudya kapena endocrinologist amathandiza kuwerengetsa phindu la tsiku ndi tsiku la wodwala wina. Wodwalayo ayenera kudya pafupipafupi, koma m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, kanizani shuga ndi zina zamagulu omwera omwe amakhala ndi digestible saccharides pakuphatikizika. Zakudya zotere ziyenera kulowedwa m'malo ndi zakudya zamafuta ndi fiber, zomwe zimakhalanso m'gulu laopopole, koma zimawonjezera shuga m'magazi.

Zakumwa zoledzeretsa ziyenera kutayidwa, makamaka zotsekemera zokoma. Mukamalemba zakudya, muyenera kuganizira kuchuluka kwa odwala matenda ashuga.

Kusintha kwakukulu mu chakudya:

• Kuchepetsa kudya zamafuta muzakudya (mafuta, margarine, ayisikilimu, nyama ndi nsomba zamitundu yamafuta).
• Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa lipids zofunikira (nkhumba, soseji, phala, mankhwala osuta).
• Kuphatikizidwa kwa zinthu zamapuloteni mumenyu (nsomba, ng'ombe, nkhuku, nkhuku).
• Kuphatikizidwa kwa michere yazakudya ndi CHIKWANGWANI (masamba, zipatso, chimanga, mpunga wa bulauni).
• Kuchepetsa kudya mafuta m'thupi (mazira osaposa zidutswa ziwiri pa sabata, zofunikira).

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi siziyenera kukhala zothandiza kokha, komanso zotheka kuchepetsa kulemera kwa thupi

Kuchokera ku zakumwa amaloledwa kudya mchere wam'madzi wopanda gasi, timadziti tothira madzi, tiyi wobiriwira. Kuchuluka kwa kefir, mkaka ndi cocoa kuyenera kukambirana ndi dokotala.

Ndi matenda a mtundu 2, kugwiritsa ntchito zonunkhira zina ndikothandiza. Ena mwa iwo amatha kutsitsa glycemia. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuphatikiza pa zakudya:

• turmeric;
• sinamoni
• zovala;
• barberry.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Kukula, mtundu, nthawi yayitali yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi zovuta, zomwe zimatchedwa chithandizo cha thupi, zimatengera chikhalidwe cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa matenda ake a glycemia, msinkhu komanso ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti masewera amathanso kuchitika kokha ngati shuga sikhala mwa 14 mmol / L. Pazachuma, chiopsezo cha zovuta zapathengo chimawonjezeka nthawi 5 kapena kupitirira apo.

Ndikofunikira kudziyang'anira tsiku lililonse misempha, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kugunda kwa mtima. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mokwanira kumakhala ndi zotsatirazi m'thupi la odwala matenda ashuga:

• kumawonjezera kumverera kwa maselo ku insulin;
• amachotsa cholesterol "yoyipa";
• kumawonjezera fibrinolytic ntchito ya magazi, kumachepetsa mamasukidwe ake;
• amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi;
• amachepetsa kumasulidwa kwa mahomoni opsinjika;
• kumawonjezera endorphins ndi testosterone;
• bwino magazi;
• imathandizira ntchito ya minofu ya mtima pamlingo woyenera.

Odwala amalimbikitsidwa kuyenda, kuyendetsa njinga, kusambira, kugwedezeka, yoga.

Kusambira ndikothandiza osati kokha kwa wathanzi, komanso kwa odwala

Mankhwala

Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati alipidwa ndi zakudya komanso zolimbitsa thupi. Lemberani mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga kapena mankhwala a insulin - kusankha kwa endocrinologist. Zimatengera kuuma kwa vutolo, zizindikiro za glycemia, kupezeka kwa zovuta, kulimbikitsidwa kwa wodwala, zaka ndi jenda.

Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga m'mapiritsi:

• Alfa glucosidase inhibitors ndi mankhwala atsopano omwe amachedwetsa kuyamwa kwa mafuta ochulukitsa kuchokera m'matumbo kulowa m'magazi. Oimira - Acarbose, Miglitol.
• Kukonzekera kwa Sulfonylurea (Chlorpropamide, Glipizide, Tolbutamide) - kumathandizira ntchito ya insulin mobisa maselo, kumapangitsanso zochitika za mahomoni, kukulitsa chidwi cha maselo ndi minofu yake.
• Biguanides (Metformin, Fenformin) - kukulitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa glucose pamapeto, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa gluconeogeneis, kumathandizira zochita za insulin, kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa zolandirira zomwe zili ndi khungu.

Mankhwala a insulin

Osangodalira shuga wokhazikika wodwala, komanso mtundu wa 2 wa matenda ukhoza kufunikira jakisoni wa insulin m'thupi la wodwalayo. Kutalika kwa mankhwala a insulin kumachitika pokhapokha wodwala amatha kudziwa zambiri za mankhwala osokoneza bongo, pakakhala chithandizo chokwanira ndi mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga, komanso motsutsana ndi kukhazikika kwa zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Zisonyezero zosakhalitsa zamankhwala insulin:

• ntchito ndi opaleshoni ambiri;
• m`thupi mankhwala a adrenal cortex;
• matenda opatsirana omwe amakhala ndi hyperthermia;
• Zizindikiro zoperewera za insulin mthupi.

Mankhwala a insulin - kukhazikitsidwa kwa yankho la insulin m'thupi la wodwalayo ndikusintha zina

Zithandizo za anthu

Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ngakhale mankhwala abwino kwambiri kungapangitsidwe ndi mankhwala wowerengeka. Sichithandizo cha matenda ashuga, koma amatha kuthandizira kuchuluka kwa glucose m'malo ovomerezeka.

Chinsinsi 1. 100 g ya mankhwala iyenera kutsukidwa, kukandidwa. Zotsatira zomwe zimatsitsidwa zimathiridwa ndi lita imodzi yatsopano youma. Osakaniza amakakamizidwa kwa masabata awiri pamalo otentha. Gwiritsani ntchito 1 tbsp. l pamaso chakudya chilichonse.

Chinsinsi 2. Chotsani anyezi peel kuchokera anyezi akuluakulu anayi. Pogaya ndi kutsanulira 2 malita a madzi ozizira. Pambuyo pa tsiku lokakamira, osakaniza ayenera kusefedwa. Mankhwala wowerengeka wowerengeka amatengedwa theka la ola asanadye.

Chinsinsi chachitatu. Madzi omwe afinya kumene ayenera kumwa kale musanadye 3 3 aliyense. l Njira ya mankhwala ndi mwezi.

Chithandizo chovuta choterechi pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira kudya, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso njira zodziyang'anira pakokha kumalola kuti pakhale chiphuphu, kuletsa kukula kwa zovuta zingapo, kupulumutsa ndi kuwonjezera moyo wa odwala.