Matenda a shuga

Tsoka ilo, matenda ashuga ndi matenda omwe amakhala moyo wonse. Pa chithandizo, wodwala amayenera kuphunzira njira zatsopano pafupipafupi ndikuwongolera moyo wake. Matendawa amapezeka ndi kuchepa kwa pancreatic hormone insulin (fomu yodalira insulin) kapena kuphwanya kachitidwe kake (mtundu wosadalira insulini).

Njira zonsezi zimaphatikizidwa ndi hyperglycemia (kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi). Mofananamo, kusokonezeka kwa metabolic ndi kusintha kwa ntchito ya ziwalo zingapo ndi machitidwe amakula. Kugawidwa kwa matendawa kukhala amtundu 1 ndi 2 sikungokhala ndi phindu la kuchipatala lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito posankha mankhwala omwe amafunikira, komanso loyambitsa matenda, popeza zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndizosiyana.

Chithandizo cha matenda osokoneza bongo chimadalira kukonza moyo ndi zakudya, zolimbitsa thupi ndi mankhwala othandizira, zomwe zimatengera mtundu wa matenda ndi njira ya kakulidwe. Nkhaniyi ikufotokozera za mankhwala othandiza omwe akatswiri aza matenda a shuga angapereke pakadali pano komanso mbali zake.

Mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito

Mankhwala a shuga mellitus (kupatula insulin) amagawika m'magulu akulu otsatirawa:

• ndalama zomwe cholinga chake ndi kukulitsa chidwi cha maselo a mthupi kupita ku mahomoni a kapamba;
• mankhwala omwe cholinga chake ndi kukondoweza kapamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale insulin;
• mankhwala am'badwo watsopano - izi zimaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala omwe ali ndi magwiritsidwe osiyanasiyana;
• mankhwala a shuga omwe amachedwetsa shuga kuti atuluke m'matumbo am'mimba kulowa m'magazi (Acarbose).

Masamba abwinobwino shuga - cholinga cha chithandizo cha matenda ashuga

Pancreatic zokupatsani mphamvu

Gulu loyamba la oimira ndi mankhwala a sulfa a shuga. Mankhwalawa cholinga chake ndi kudalitsa ntchito ya insulin mobisa masisumbu a Langerhans-Sobolev. Zotsatira zake ndikuwonjezereka kwa kaphatikizidwe kazinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito zamafuta.

Zisonyezero zosankhidwa:

• zaka zopitilira 40, malinga ngati kuchuluka kwa insulin sikugwiritsidwe ntchito kale;
• kuopsa kwa matendawa, komwe kukonzanso zakudya m'thupi sikuchotsa shuga yayikulu.

Zotsatira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwalawa:

• mawonekedwe ofatsa a "matenda okoma";
• kukhalapo kwa ketoacidosis, chikomokere cha matenda ashuga kapena mkhalidwe wokonda panthawiyo ndi koyambirira;
• kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe amalimbikira pakukonzanso zakudya;
• matenda a m'mafupa, kwamikodzo dongosolo kapena chiwindi;
• mimba ndi mkaka wa m`mawere.

Sulfonylureas

Gulu laling'ono la mankhwala a sulfa. Kapangidwe ka zochita zawo ndikulimbikitsa maselo achinsinsi a insulin, kuonjezera mphamvu ya mahomoni, ndikuchepetsa kumangiriza kwa insulin. Zomwe zimachokera ku sulfonylureas zimatha kuwonjezera kukhudzidwa kwa maselo kupita ku mahomoni ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zolandilira m'matumbo. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amaletsa kumasulidwa kwa shuga ku chiwindi ndikukula kwa boma la ketoacidotic.

Diabeteson MV - chothandiza kwambiri

Zofunika! Mankhwala a gululi amatha kulepheretsa zochitika za glucagon ndi somatostatin, omwe ndi insulin antagonists.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo (Glibenclamide, Tolbutamide, Diabeteson, Euglikon, Tolinase) amapatsidwa mankhwala ochizira matenda amtundu wa 2 omwe ali ndi vuto labwinobwino kapena lokwera la wodwala, ngati chithandizo cha zakudya sichitha kuthana ndi milingo ya glycemia yodwala komanso zaka zopitilira 12-15.

Meglitinides

Awa ndimankhwala ochepetsa shuga, zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kukondoweza kwa kupanga insulin. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa mankhwalawa kumadalira kuchuluka kwa glycemia. Kwambiri kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a shuga, omwe amalimbikira kwambiri ndi mankhwalawa. Oimira atsopano - Novonorm, Starlix. Njira zimakhala ndi yochepa, kudya kumayenera kuchitika mphindi 5 asanadye.

• Starlix ndimakonzedwe apiritsi omwe amagwira ntchito ndi nateglinide. Amasankhidwa mtundu wa odwala matenda ashuga amtundu wa II akakhala kuti samachita bwino pakudya komanso amakhala ndi thupi lokwanira. Starlix sikulimbikitsidwa ngati matenda akudalira insulini, chitukuko cha dziko la ketoacidotic, munthawi ya bere ndi mkaka wa m`mawere, kwa ana ochepera zaka 18.
• Novonorm ndi mankhwala amkamwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2. Itha kuphatikizidwa ndi biguanides ngati alephera monotherapy. Contraindication ndi ofanana ndi Starlix. Chenjezo liyenera kuchitika ndi matenda a chiwindi, kulephera kwaimpso, kuledzera komanso vuto lalikulu la thupi.

Mankhwala a Sensitizer

Awa ndi mankhwala omwe zochita zawo zimathandizira kuti chidwi cha maselo chikhale ndi mphamvu ya insulin. Izi zimaphatikizapo magulu awiri a mankhwala: biguanides ndi thiazolidinediones.

Biguanides

Imodzi mwazigawo zamankhwala oteteza pakamwa. Oimira gulu samakhudza kuchuluka kwa insulin ndipo sangathe kuchitapo kanthu kapena kulephera kwakukulu.

Metformin ndiye piritsi labwino kwambiri. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, kuchepa kwa thupi kumawonedwa mwa odwala, pomwe zotsatirapo zake ndizotheka ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi insulin analogues ndi sulfonylurea. Metformin imatha kuyendetsa kagayidwe ka lipid, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'magazi.

Metformin ndi nthumwi yogwira ntchito ya Biguanides

Pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, mutha kuzindikira kukhalapo kwa mkamwa wachitsulo mkamwa, kuukira kwa mseru ndi kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba, kumatulutsa. Nthawi zina, lactic acidosis imayamba - chikhalidwe chokhala ndi lactic acid m'mwazi movutikira ndikufunika kuchipatala msanga.

Siofor ndi woimira wina wotchuka wa Biguanides. Kuchita kwa Siofor kumachitika pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa magazi m'magazi, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya minyewa ya insulin ndikulepheretsa kukula kwa shuga kwa chiwindi. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa ali ndi lipid-yotsitsa ndipo amathandizanso pakulimbitsa magazi. Amawonetsedwa ngati matenda amtundu 2 kuphatikiza kunenepa kwambiri.

Milaz

Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti akwaniritse zotsatira za hypoglycemic chifukwa kuchepa kwa insulin. Izi ndi zida zaposachedwa. Mankhwala amakono amatha kupereka njira zingapo - Aktos, Avandia.

Mankhwala amakhudzana ndi insulin sensitivity chifukwa cha zomwe zimapangitsa lipid ndi minofu yam'mimba, komanso chiwindi, komwe kukuwonjezereka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito shuga komanso kuchepa kwakapangidwe kake. Kumwa mankhwala kumatha kuchepetsa hemoglobin wa glycated ndi 1.5%.

Thiazolidinediones amaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe sanonepe kwambiri, chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali kumatha kubweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa thupi motsutsana ndi maziko osungira madzi m'thupi.

Aktos - mankhwala omwe ali pamndandanda wamankhwala osokoneza bongo antidiabetes

Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors

Oyimira gulu lino amawongolera mayendedwe a masekisiti kuchokera m'matumbo kulowa m'magazi ndi kutulutsa kwawo kuchokera mthupi. Mndandanda wa mankhwala:

Mankhwala Atsopano a 2 A shuga

• Glucobai (Acarbose) ndi mankhwala apakamwa omwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala ngati kuwonongeka kwa makina, matenda opatsirana, chithandizo cha opaleshoni. Sichikudziwika pa nthawi yoyembekezera komanso mkaka wa m'mawere, odwala ochepa, omwe ali ndi matenda am'mimba komanso matumbo, kulephera kwambiri kwa impso.
• Miglitol - imawonjezera mphamvu ya biguanides ndi sulfonylureas. Ndiosafunika kuphatikiza ndi adsorbents yamatumbo, ma antacid, kukonzekera kwa enzymatic. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala othandizira mosamala.

Mankhwala ayenera kumwedwa ndi zakudya. Chochitikacho chimatengera mphamvu ya hypoglycemic, koma alpha-glucosidase zoletsa sizimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a maselo a insulin. Yoperekedwa ngati gawo la zovuta mankhwala a "matenda okoma".

Amayamwa

Mankhwala ophatikizika aposachedwa, omwe amachitika chifukwa cha insulin, malinga ndi glycemic indices. Zinthu zomwe zimagwira zimayambitsa zomwe gluconeogeneis amapanga ndi ma cell opangidwa ndi ma cell a pancreatic. Ma incretins amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mono- ndi polytherapy. Chowonadi ndi kutsika pang'ono pang'ono kwa shuga.

Mndandanda wa mankhwala:

• Onglisa ndi mankhwala omwe mankhwala ake ndi Sansagliptin. Mankhwalawa akhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi Metformin, Aktos, Avandia, Glibenclamide. Chithandizo cha munthawi yomweyo cha Onglisa ndi ma insulin analogue sichinaphunzire.
• Januvia ndi piritsi lozikidwa pa sansagliptin. Amachepetsa kuthamanga kwambiri kwa glycemia pamimba yopanda kanthu, sizikhudza kulemera kwa wodwalayo.
• Vipidia - kuphatikiza kwa izi ndi njira zina zonse za hypoglycemic komanso ma insulin analogi ndizololedwa.

Forsiga ndi Chida chamakono chopangidwa ndi Chingerezi. Asayansi adaganiza zochita zake mwanjira yoti chipangizocho chimapangitsa kuti shuga azituluka m'thupi mowonjezereka. Mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala ena ochepetsa shuga ndi insulin.

Kukopa kwa insulin kaphatikizidwe - "ntchito" ya mankhwala owonjezera

Njira zina zothandizira odwala

Asayansi aku China apanga othandizira a hypoglycemic, Xiaoke Mapiritsi. Kuyesedwa kwa kachipatala kwatsimikizira kuthekera kwa mankhwalawa kuchepetsa glucose, kusintha mawonekedwe a thupi la wodwalayo, kubwezeretsanso ntchito ya impso, ndikuchotsa chizindikiro cha matendawa.

Xiaoke imagwirizanitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi m'magazi, kuchotsa "zochuluka" mthupi, kumawonjezera kamvekedwe ka minofu, kumapangitsa magazi kupita kwa kapamba, kumalimbitsa mitsempha yamagazi. Mankhwalawa amachotsa zinthu zapoizoni ndikuwononga m'thupi.

Njira ina yothanirana ndi Diabenot. Zosakaniza zake zogwira mtima ndi mankhwala azitsamba. Diabenot adapangidwa ndi asayansi aku Germany, amangotuluka kumene pamsika wama Russia wakuchipatala. Chogwiritsidwacho chimakhala ndi zotsatirazi mthupi la munthu:

• kukondoweza kwa ma cell a insulin;
• kuyeretsa magazi ndi zamitsempha;
• kuchepa kwa glycemia;
• kukondoweza kwa mphamvu zoteteza;
• kupewa mavuto.

Kusankhidwa kwa mankhwala oyenera pakati pa mankhwala ambiri omwe aperekedwa ndikofunikira kwa katswiri yemwe wakupezekapo

Zakudya zowonjezera zakudya

Mu magawo oyamba a shuga, shuga amatha kusinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira komanso zakudya zamagetsi.

• Insulin - mankhwala amathandizira kagayidwe kazakudya, kamayambitsa kapamba, amachepetsa kuyamwa kwa shuga m'magazi.
• Tuoti - ili ndi katundu wa hypoglycemic, imagwiranso njira ya metabolic.
• Glucberry - mankhwala omwe amachepetsa thupi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kukula kwa zovuta zamatenda oyamba.
• Dialek ndi ufa wowonjezera zakudya, womwe umakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kagayidwe kazinthu.

Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu 1

Mtundu 1 wa matenda am'mimba umadalira shuga. Mankhwala ofunikira kwa odwala oterewa amagawika m'magulu awiri: insulin ndi mankhwala ena omwe amachotsa mavuto okhudzana nawo.

Kutengera kuchuluka kwa jakisoni wa insulin komwe kumayamba komanso kutalika kwake, kupanga kwakanthawi kochepa, nthawi yayitali komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakhala osiyanitsidwa. Kuphatikiza kwa ma insulin analogues ndi dongosolo la makonzedwe zimasainidwa ndi endocrinologist payekhapayekha. Dokotalayo amasankha chithandizo chotsatira mankhwalawa a glycemia, kulemera kwa thupi la wodwalayo, kupezeka kwa zovuta, komanso kuchuluka kwa chiphuphu. Insulin imalowetsedwa ndi syringe kapena pampu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito pampu ya insulin - kuthekera kwa kudya pafupipafupi kwa mahomoni m'thupi

Mankhwala owonjezera:

• ACE zoletsa - kuchepetsa magazi, kuchepetsa kuwopsa kwa mankhwala ena mthupi;
• Cardio- ndi vasotonic - sinthani ntchito ya mtima ndi mitsempha ya magazi;
• ndalama zomwe zimathandizira magwiridwe antchito am'mimba (ma enzymes, pro- ndi prebiotic);
• antidepressants, anticonvulsants, anesthetics wamba - umalimbana ndi analgesia chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zotumphukira ziwalo zamanjenje;
• ma statins ndi ma fibrate - magulu omwe amachepetsa ma cholesterol "oyipa", chifukwa chake amalimbana ndi kusintha kwa atherosclerotic m'matumbo;
• anticoagulants - kupewa mapangidwe magazi.

Mankhwala ofewa

Tsoka ilo, popanda mankhwala, oposa 95% ya anthu odwala matenda ashuga sangathe kubwezeretsedwa ndi matenda. Mankhwala ambiri omwe amaperekedwa amaikidwa ngati mankhwala okwera mtengo. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti pali mndandanda wamankhwala omwe amakonda anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Izi zimaphatikizapo mitundu yambiri ya insulin, oimira ma biguanides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, sulfonylureas.

Mowa wa Ethyl, ma syringe omwe amayendetsa insulin amatha kuwonjezeredwa pamndandandawu. Amalandila mankhwala okondera m'mafakitala a boma molingana ndi chikalata chomwe aperekedwe ndi endocrinologist. Nthawi zambiri mumapereka mankhwala ochuluka omwe anali okwanira mwezi umodzi.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti matenda ashuga si matenda omwe angathe kuthandizidwa “pamanja”. Izi zodabwitsa zimatha kukhala zovuta chifukwa cha zovuta za impso, mitsempha, komanso ziwiya. Chifukwa chake kutsatira malamulo a dokotala komanso kufunafuna thandizo pa nthawi yake ndiye njira yabwino.