Zonse zokhudza matenda a shuga m'mawu osavuta: ndimatenda amtundu wanji, chifukwa chiyani amayamba ndipo amathandizidwa bwanji?

Kusonkhanitsa kapena kuchepa thupi mwadzidzidzi, ludzu, kukodza pafupipafupi, kuyabwa pakhungu, kuchiritsa pang'ono bala - izi zimayambitsa kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga.

Matendawa amakula chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kupanga insulin. Choopsa chachikulu kwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga ndicho chiopsezo chotenga zovuta zingapo: mtima, kugunda kwa malekezero, kulephera kwa impso, kulephera kuwona.

Kukwera kwambiri kwa shuga m'madzi a m'magazi kumayambitsa chikomokere, chomwe chimatha kupha.

Matenda a shuga: matendawa ndi chiyani?

Matenda a shuga amatanthauza matenda a endocrine. Njira yamatendawa imayamba chifukwa cha kuphwanya kwa shuga, kuchepa kwa insulini ya mahomoni komanso kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wa m'magazi omwe amapezeka pachifukwa ichi. Ndi matendawa, chakudya, michere, mafuta, mchere wamchere ndi kagayidwe kazakudya zimasokonekera.

Zomwe zimachitika

Matenda a Type 1 amapezeka mwa achinyamata achinyamata osakwanitsa zaka makumi atatu.

Pambuyo posamutsa matenda opatsirana, monga rubella, hepatitis, maselo a kapamba amafa mothandizidwa ndi poizoni mwa anthu.

Izi ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya kapangidwe ka insulin. Matenda amtunduwu amadziwonetsera pokha ngati makumi asanu ndi atatu muzana mwa maselo omwe amapanga timuyo timafa.

Matenda a 2 a shuga amadziwika ndi kusowa kwa minyewa yokhudzana ndi insulin. Chitsulo chimapanga kuchuluka kokwanira kwa mahomoni, koma maselo amthupi samavomereza. Anthu onenepa ali pachiwopsezo chifukwa insulin ndi yotsekedwa ndi minofu ya adipose. Kwa odwala okalamba, kulolera kwa glucose kumachepa.

Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtundu 2:

1. chibadwa. Pafupifupi khumi peresenti ya achibale amatha kutenga matendawa ngati wina m'banjamo ali ndi matenda ashuga;
2. kunenepa. Kuzindikira kwa minyewa kumadzi kumatsika kwambiri mwa anthu onenepa;
3. kudya kolakwika. Zakudya zamafuta ochulukirapo, kusowa kwa fiber kumabweretsa matendawa;
4. matenda a mtima, mitsempha yamagazi. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kuthamanga kwa magazi, kukhala ndi vuto la mtima, kugunda, minofu kukana kuchepa;
5. kupsinjika. Ndi kusangalala kwamanjenje, munthu amakhala ndi adrenaline, glucocorticoids, yomwe imayambitsa kukula kwa matenda;
6. kukhudzana ndi mankhwala. Kupanikizika kwa magazi kutsitsa mankhwala, ma diuretics, mahomoni opanga a glucocorticoid amatha kuchepetsa kulolera kwa glucose.

Mwazi wamagazi

Shuga wa Plasma sikudalira zaka za wodwalayo:

• 3 - 5.5 mmol / l - chikhalidwe;
• 5 - 6 mmol / l - prediabetes.

Ngati chizindikiro cha 6 mmol ndichoposa, titha kunena kuti kulekerera kwa glucose kumachepetsedwa, ndipo metabolism ya carbohydrate imasokonezeka.

Mwazi wamagazi mu shuga

Pa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa zizindikiro zowoneka bwino kumasiyana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu athanzi. Kukula kwa 10 mmol / l kumaonedwa kuti ndi kowopsa. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumayambira 13 mpaka 17 mmol / l, wodwalayo amatenga vuto lowopsa - ketoacidosis.

Limagwirira kukula kwa matenda ashuga

Matenda a mtundu woyamba amayamba kukhala maselo amtundu wa endocrine - zisumbu za Langerhans - zamankhwala amasiya kubala insulin yokwanira.

Hormayo imalimbikitsa kutuluka kwa glucose m'maselo, kapangidwe kazinthu zopanga mafuta. Imayendetsa njira yopanga mphamvu yama cell ndi ma cell, imalepheretsa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta.

Ndikusowa kwa mahomoni, glucose samalowa m'maselo, koma m'magazi. Sorbitol, hemoglobin wa glycated, amayamba kudziunjikira mu minofu ya thupi. Zinthu izi zimathandizira kukulira kwamabala, angiopathy, kuwoneka kosokoneza pakugwira ntchito kwamanjenje, komanso kuwonongeka kwa molumikizana.

Zizindikiro

Kuzindikira matendawa, adalembedwa kuti:

• kuyezetsa magazi kwa capillary. Phunziroli limachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu;
• urinalysis. Unikani mkodzo wa glucose komanso kupezeka kwa matupi a ketone. Maonekedwe a shuga mkati mwake amatha kutsimikizika pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zapadera zoyeserera. Zosachepera zake zimatchedwa cholumikizira impso;
• glycated hemoglobin. Mulingo wake mu odwala matenda ashuga ukuwonjezeka kwambiri.
• kuyezetsa magazi kwa C-peptides ndi insulin. Zizindikiro za mtundu woyamba wa matenda zimachepetsedwa, ndipo chachiwiri - sizinasinthidwe;
• kuyeserera kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumatsimikizira kuloza kwa shuga. Imachitika choyamba pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kawiri pa ola limodzi, wodwalayo amamwa shuga wosungunuka m'madzi, muyeso umapangidwanso.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za shuga

Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zoyambira zamatenda ndikuwonjezeka kwamkodzo, zolimbikitsa pafupipafupi usiku.

Komanso, wodwalayo amakhala ndi ludzu kwambiri, chifukwa madzi ambiri amapita ndi mkodzo. Chifukwa cha zovuta za metabolic, wodwalayo amakumana ndi njala yayikulu.

Ngakhale kuti ali ndi chidwi chofuna kudya, odwala ena amachepetsa thupi msanga. Zizindikiro zoyambira matenda oyamba zimayamba msanga.

Zizindikiro

Kwa matenda amitundu yonseyi, mawonetseredwe azachipatala ali ndi chikhalidwe:

• Khungu;
• mutu
• kumverera kwa kamwa yowuma;
• kufooka kwa minofu;
• mapangidwe olimba kuchiritsa mabala;
• kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a acetone mkodzo. Thupi limapangidwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mafuta osungira.

Gulu

Matendawa amawagawa malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana: malingana ndi etiology, kuopsa kwa njira ya matendawa, magawo a kukula kwake.

Etiology

Mitundu yotsatila yamatenda yomwe imasiyanitsidwa:

1. choyambirira. Amatchedwa "ubwana", koma anthu azaka zonse amatha kudwala;
2. mtundu wachiwiri. Wodwalayo amakhala ndi insulin;
3. matenda ashuga. Khalidwe la amayi apakati. Zizindikiro zimatha atabereka.

Malinga ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa

Njira yofatsa ya matendawa imadziwika ndi kuchepa pang'ono kwa plasma glucose - osapitirira 8 mmol / l pamimba yopanda kanthu.

Ndi zovuta matendawa, shuga amakwera 14 mmol / L. Zizindikiro za ketoacidosis zimapezeka. Mwa odwala ena, angioneuropathy amapezeka.

Woopsa matendawa, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumakwera pamwamba 15 mmol / L. Odwala amafuna insulin mankhwala osalekeza. Ndi nthendayi yolipidwa ndi matendawa, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kungachitike pokhapokha mkodzo.

Ndi mawonekedwe oponderezedwa, kuchuluka kwa shuga sikumasiyana kwambiri mwazonse, palibe acetone mu mkodzo. Gawo lowola la matenda sililola kuchepetsa shuga wa m'magazi, kusintha kagayidwe kazakudya. Mu mkodzo, acetone wapezeka, chiopsezo chokhala ndi kukomoka kwa hyperglycemic kumakulanso.

Mavuto

Matendawa ndi owopsa ndi zovuta: kusokonezeka kwa magwiridwe antchito am'maso (angiopathy, retinopathy), miyendo (neuropathy). Ndi chitukuko cha phazi la matenda ashuga, khungu la miyendo limachitika, ndikupangitsa kuti afe.

Chithandizo cha matenda ashuga

Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa ndikuti ndichotsetse zikuluzikulu za matendawa. Mulinso:

• kubwezera kwa kagayidwe kazakudya;
• Matenda a odwala kulemera;
• kupewa mavuto.

Mtundu 1

Njira zochizira matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin:

1. kudya. Cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta;
2. zolimbitsa thupi. Zofunikira kuti muchepetse kulemera kwa wodwalayo;
3. mankhwala a insulin. Zimaphatikizanso kuyambitsa kwa mahomoni a nthawi yayitali komanso yochepa;
4. kufalitsa tiziwalo. Aperekedwa ndi matenda a shuga.

Mitundu iwiri

Njira zochizira odwala matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin amagawika m'magulu:

1. mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Amatanthawuza kuti azitsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mokwanira, kukana mowa;
2. mankhwala. Amapereka zogwiritsira ntchito othandizira a hypoglycemic.

Kwa odwala ena, insulin imawonetsedwa ngati matenda amtundu wachiwiri.

Zakudya za odwala matenda ashuga

Zakudya zokhala ndi matenda zimaphatikizapo kudya zakudya zokhala ndi index yotsika ya glycemic, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zamagulu. Zakudya ziyenera kumwedwa nthawi zambiri, m'magawo ang'onoang'ono.

Simungathe kuzunza shuga, maswiti, kupanikizana, uchi. Zoumba, nthochi, mphesa, nkhuyu zimakhala ndi GI yayitali, ndibwino kuzichotsa pakudya. Beetroot ndiwotsutsana mumasamba.

Zakudyazo ziyenera kuphatikizapo kaloti, katsabola, udzu winawake, anyezi, kabichi, zukini. Odwala ayenera kudya mkate wa chinangwa. Uchi amathanso kudyedwa ochepa.

Mankhwala

Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi Tolbutamide, Chlorpropamide, Glipizide, Glycvidon, Glimepiride. Mankhwala amathandizira kukulitsa katulutsidwe ka mahomoni ndi maselo a tinthu timene timatulutsidwa. Repaglinide, Nateglinide imakhala yotengeka mwachangu, khalani ndi malo ochepetsa shuga.

Mapiritsi a Glycvidone

Biguanides amachepetsa mayamwidwe a shuga m'matumbo, kupanga m'chiwindi. Amathandizira kukulitsa chidwi chamtundu wa insulin.

Rosiglitazone amatenga kagayidwe ka glucose. Acarbose amalepheretsa michere yomwe imaphwanya chakudya chambiri kuti igayike shuga. Kugawana insulin chithandizo kumasonyezedwa ndi kuchepa mphamvu kwa njira zina.

Kodi matendawa amatha kuchiritsidwa?

Matenda a shuga a chachiwiri ndi chifukwa cha njira ya pathological mu thupi.

Itha kuthandizidwa mukachotsa chomwe chinayambitsa. Matenda oyamba a mitundu yonseyi ndi osachiritsika.

Kupezeka kwabwino kwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga ngati zinthu zimachitika kuti akhale ndi shuga.

Njira zina

Malangizo a mankhwala amtundu wa mankhwala amatha kuchepetsa vutoli. Odwala amatha kudyedwa:

1. bulwheat. Thirani supuni ya phala ndi magalasi awiri amadzi, kusiya kuti utupire usiku. Buckwheat adzatupa, amadyedwa ola limodzi asanadye chakudya cham'mawa, atatha kuthira madzi. Amadya mbale mpaka mkhalidwe utayamba kubwerera;
2. kulowetsa kwa mahatchi. Supuni ya grated product imathiridwa mu kapu ya mkaka wowawasa, ikani mufiriji usiku. Imwani ola limodzi musanadye;
3. kulowetsedwa kwa nyemba. Zidutswa zochepa zimathira madzi 100 mg. Madziwo amatsitsidwa m'mawa, nyemba zimadyedwa musanadye chakudya cham'mawa.

Ziphuphu za Birch zimakololedwa mu April. Supuni zitatu zimathiridwa ndi magalasi awiri amadzi otentha, ndikuumiriza ndikumwa kulowetsedwa tsiku lonse.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala uti?

Zizindikiro zoyambirira zodwala zimatha kuzindikira wodwala pambuyo poti wadutsa magazi kuti awunike.

Adziwonetsa wodwala kwa endocrinologist.

Ngati zovuta zina zikuchitika mu ntchito ya ziwalo zina, wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuonana ndi ophthalmologist, opaleshoni ya mtima, mtima.

Kupewa

Njira zodzitchinjiriza ndi cholinga chopewa zovuta, kuphatikizapo kudya, kuwongolera, kusamalira madzi komanso kupewa matenda oyambitsidwa ndi tizilombo. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amalimbikitsidwa yoga, kusambira, kuyenda.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

Zonse zokhudza mtundu 1 ndi matenda amitundu iwiri omwe ali muvidiyo:

Ndi pancreatic yaying'ono yopanga insulin ndikulimbana nayo, shuga m'magawo ang'onoang'ono amalowa m'maselo, mu plasma zomwe zili zake zimachuluka. Matenda a shuga amakula. Thupi lilibe mphamvu zokwanira, njira za kusweka kwa mapuloteni zimayendetsedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kufooka kwa minofu.

Makutidwe a oxidation amalimbikitsa kupangidwa kwa matupi a ketone, omwe amakhala ndi poizoni m'thupi. Odwala, komanso kutayika kwa glucose, komwe kumachotsedwa pakukodza pafupipafupi, kumatha mphamvu zamagetsi, ambiri amachedwa kuchepa. Madzi a shuga apamwamba amadzetsa mitsempha yamagazi, mathero am'mitsempha, maso, impso, ndi mtima.

Kuzindikira kwa matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba ndikwabwino kwambiri pakudya, malangizo a zamankhwala. Ndizosatheka kuchiritsa matenda amtundu wachiwiri, koma kupewa zovuta ndi insulini kumathandizira kuti anthu azikhala moyo wabwino.