Matenda a insulin: momwe mungadziwire (zizindikilo) ndi kuthandizira (zakudya, mankhwala)

Kulemera kwambiri, matenda amtima, matenda a shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndizomwe zimalumikiza unyolo umodzi. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zama metabolic, zomwe zimachokera ku insulin kukana.

Kwenikweni, mawuwa amatanthauza "samamverera insulin" ndipo akuimira kuchepa kwa zomwe minofu, mafuta ndi chiwindi zimapanga insulin m'magazi, chifukwa chomwe msinkhu wake umakhala wokwera kwambiri. Anthu omwe ali ndi kuchepa kwa chidwi nthawi zambiri amatha kudwala matenda a atherosulinosis, mu 60% mwanjira yomwe amakhala ndi matenda oopsa, mu 84% - amapeza matenda a shuga 2. Ndikotheka kuzindikira ndikulimbana ndi insulin ngakhale isanakhale chifukwa cha zovuta zonsezi.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale insulin kukana

Zomwe zimayambitsa kukana insulini sizikudziwika. Amakhulupirira kuti zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zomwe zimachitika pamlingo wambiri: kuchokera pakusintha kwa molekyulu ya insulin komanso kusowa kwa insulin receptors kumavuto ndi kufalikira kwa chizindikiro.

Kuphwanya kumeneku kumatha kuchitika chifukwa chimodzi kapena zingapo:

1. Kunenepa kwambiri - kuphatikiza insulin kukana 75% ya milandu. Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwa 40% kuchokera ku chizolowezi kumabweretsa kutsika komweko kwa kutsika kwa chidwi cha insulin. Chiwopsezo china cha kusowa kwa kagayidwe kachakudya ndimatumbo amtundu, i.e. pamimba. Chowonadi ndi chakuti minofu ya adipose, yomwe imapangidwa pakhoma lamkati lakumbuyo, imadziwika ndi zochita zapamwamba za metabolic, ndikuchokera kuti kuchuluka kwakukulu kwamafuta acid kumalowa m'magazi.
2. Mitundu - kufalitsa majini okonzeratu ku insulin kukana matenda a shuga ndi matenda a shuga. Ngati achibale apafupi amakhala ndi matenda ashuga, mwayi wokhala ndi vuto la insulin sensitivity ndiwambiri kwambiri, makamaka ndi moyo womwe simungawutchule wathanzi. Amakhulupirira kuti kukana koyambirira kunapangidwira kuthandiza anthu. Munthawi yokhutitsidwa bwino, anthu amapulumutsa mafuta, mwa anjala - okhawo omwe anali ndi malo ochulukirapo, ndiye kuti, anthu omwe ali ndi insulin kukana, adapulumuka. Zakudya zambiri masiku ano zimabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri, matenda oopsa komanso matenda ashuga.
3. Kulephera kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi - kumabweretsa chakuti minofu imafuna zakudya zochepa. Koma ndi minofu ya minofu yomwe imadya 80% ya shuga kuchokera m'magazi. Ngati maselo am'mimba amafunikira mphamvu zochepa kuti athe kulimbikitsa moyo, amayamba kunyalanyaza insulin yomwe imanyamula shuga mwa iwo.
4. M'badwo - Pambuyo zaka 50, kuthekera kwa kukana insulini ndi matenda ashuga ndi 30% kuposa.
5. Chakudya chopatsa thanzi - kudya kwambiri zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kukonda shuga wowonjezera kumayambitsa shuga m'magazi, kupanga insulini mwachangu, chifukwa chake, kusafuna kwa maselo amthupi kuzizindikiritsa, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga.
6. Mankhwala - Mankhwala ena amatha kuyambitsa zovuta za insulin - corticosteroids (mankhwalawa rheumatism, mphumu, leukemia, hepatitis), beta-blockers (arrhythmia, myocardial infarction), thiazide diuretics (diuretics), vitamini B

Zizindikiro zake

Popanda kusanthula, ndizosatheka kudziwa kuti maselo amthupi adayamba kuwona insulin yolowa m'magazi. Zizindikiro za kukana insulini zitha kupezeka chifukwa cha matenda ena, kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, zotsatira za kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi:

• kulakalaka;
• kuzungulira, kuvutika kukumbukira chidziwitso;
• kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'matumbo;
• ulesi ndi kugona, makamaka pambuyo gawo lalikulu;
• kuchuluka kwa mafuta pamimba, mapangidwe a "lifebuoy";
• kupsinjika, kukhumudwa;
• nthawi ndi nthawi mumatuluka magazi.

Kuphatikiza pazizindikirozi, dokotala amayesa chizindikiro cha kukana insulin asanapange matenda. Wodwala wodwala matendawa amakhala ndi matenda onenepa kwambiri, ali ndi makolo kapena abale ake omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, azimayi amakhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a polycystic kapena matenda a shuga akakhala pakati.

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha kupezeka kwa insulin kukokana ndi kuchuluka kwa m'mimba. Anthu onenepa kwambiri amawunika mtundu wa kunenepa kwambiri. Mtundu wa gynecoid (mafuta amadzaza pansi m'chiuno, kuchuluka kwakukulu m'chiuno ndi matako) ndikotetezeka, zovuta zama metabolic sizachilendo nawo. Mtundu wa Android (mafuta pamimba, mapewa, kumbuyo) umalumikizidwa ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda ashuga.

Chizindikiro chachitatu, chomwe mwina ndi 90% chimaloleza kukhazikitsa kuphwanya - wakuda acanthosis. Awa ndi madera a khungu lokhala ndi pigmentation yowonjezereka, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yolimba komanso yolimba. Zitha kukhala pamapewa ndi mawondo, kumbuyo kwa khosi, pansi pa chifuwa, pazolumikizana za zala, m'mphepete komanso m'miyendo.

Kuti atsimikizire matendawa, wodwala yemwe ali ndi zizindikiro ndi zolemba pamwambapa amayesedwa kuyesa kwa insulin, kutengera komwe matendawa adatsimikiza.

Kuyesa

Mu Laboratories, kusanthula komwe kumafunikira kuti kudziwa maselo a insulin kumatchedwa insulin nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa "Kuunika kwa Insulin Resistance."

Momwe mungaperekere magazi kuti mupeze zotsimikizika:

1. Mukalandira chithandizo kuchokera kwa dokotala yemwe wakupezekerani, kambiranani naye zamndandanda wazamankhwala, njira zakulera komanso mavitamini omwe atengedwa kuti asatenge omwe angakhudze magazi.
2. Patsiku loti lisanachitike, muyenera kuletsa maphunzirowo, yesetsani kupewa zinthu zovuta komanso zolimbitsa thupi, osamwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Nthawi ya mgonero imayenera kuwerengedwa kuti isanatenge magazi Maola 8 mpaka 14 apita.
3. Yesetsani mayeso pamimba yopanda kanthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti m'mawa ndizoletsedwa kutsuka mano, kutafuna chingamu chomwe mulibe shuga, kumwa zakumwa zilizonse, kuphatikizapo zosaphatikizidwa. Mutha kusuta kutatsala ola limodzi kuti ayendere labala.

Izi ndizofunikira pakukonzekera kuwunikiraku chifukwa chakuti kapu yoletsa khofi, atamwa panthawi yolakwika, imatha kusintha kwambiri zomwe zikuwonetsa shuga.

Pambuyo poti kusanthula kwafotokozedwa, ndalamayi yotsutsa insulini imawerengeredwa mu labotale potengera kuchuluka kwa glucose wamagazi ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin m'madzi a m'magazi.

• Dziwani zambiri: Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa insulin - bwanji mutenge malamulowo.

Mlozera wa insulin

Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka 70s zapitazo, kuyezetsa kwakukulu kwa hyperinsulinulin kunawonedwa ngati muyeso wa golide woyesa zochita za insulin. Ngakhale kuti zotsatira za kuwunikirako zinali zolondola kwambiri, kukhazikitsidwa kwake kunali kogwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo kunafunikira zida zabwino zaluso la labotale. Mu 1985, njira yosavuta idapangidwira, ndipo kudalirika kwamatenda a insulini ndi deta ya mayeso owoneka bwino kunatsimikiziridwa. Njirayi imakhazikitsidwa pa mtundu wa masamu wa HOMA-IR (mtundu wa homeostatic womwe umatsimikizira kutsutsana ndi insulin).

Mlingo wa HOMA-IR, womwe umawonetsa kusowa kwa metabolic, umatsimikizika potengera zowerengera. Kafukufuku adatengedwa kuchokera pagulu lalikulu la anthu ndipo mndandanda wamawonekedwe amawerengedwa. Mlingowo udafotokozedwa ngati gawo la 75 la kagawidwe ka anthu. Kwa magulu osiyanasiyana a anthu, zisonyezo zamkati ndizosiyana. Njira yodziwira insulin m'magazi imawakhudzanso.

Ma labotor ambiri amayika khomo kwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 20-60 zaka 2.7 zamisonkhano wamba. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuwonjezeka kwa index ya kukhudzana ndi insulin pamwambapa 2.7 kukuwonetsa kuphwanyidwa kwa kumva kwa insulin ngati munthuyo sakudwala matenda ashuga.

Momwe insulin imayang'anira kagayidwe

Insulin m'thupi la munthu:

• imathandizira kusamutsa shuga, amino acid, potaziyamu ndi magnesium m'misempha;
• kumawonjezera masitolo a glycogen mu minofu ndi chiwindi;
• amachepetsa mapangidwe a shuga m'magazi a chiwindi;
• zimathandizira kaphatikizidwe kazakudya zama protein komanso zimachepetsa kuchepa kwawo;
• imalimbikitsa mapangidwe wamafuta acid komanso kupewa kutsekeka kwamafuta.

Ntchito yayikulu ya insulini ya mahomoni m'thupi ndi kutulutsa shuga kuchokera m'magazi kupita kumaselo am'misempha ndi mafuta. Zoyambazo ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kupuma, kusuntha, kuthamanga kwa magazi, chakudya chomaliza chosunga zakudya. Kuti glucose alowe minofu, iyenera kudutsa nembanemba. Insulin imamuthandiza pamenepa, mophiphiritsa, amatsegula chipata cha khola.

Pa membrane wa khungu ndi puloteni yapadera, yopanga magawo awiri, yotchulidwa a ndi b. Imasewera gawo la receptor - zimathandiza kuzindikira insulin. Poyandikira membrane wa cell, molekyulu ya insulini imamangirira ku-subunit ya receptor, pambuyo pake imasintha malo ake molekyulu ya mapuloteni. Njirayi imayambitsa ntchito ya b-subunit, yomwe imayendetsa chizindikiro kuti iyike ma enzymes. Zomwezo, zimapangitsa kuyenda kwa mapuloteni onyamula a GLUT-4, amasunthira ku zimagwira ndi kuphatikiza nawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti glucose idutse kuchokera m'magazi kulowa mu cell.

Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi insulin kukana matenda komanso odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 2, izi zimayambira pachiyambi pomwe - ena mwa olandilira sazindikira insulin m'magazi.

Mimba ndi Insulin Resistance

Kukana kwa insulini kumabweretsa shuga wokwanira wamwazi, yemwe amapangitsa kuti ntchito ya pancreatic iwonjezeke, komanso matenda a shuga. Mlingo wa insulin m'magazi umachuluka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minofu ya adipose iwonjezeke. Mafuta ochulukirapo amachepetsa mphamvu ya insulin.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti kukana insulini panthawi yovomerezeka ndizachilendo, kumakhala kwathupi lathupi. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti glucose ndiye chakudya chachikulu cha mwana wakhanda m'mimba. Nthawi yayitali kwambiri, ndiye kuti pakufunika. Kuchokera pa trimester yachitatu ya shuga, mwana wosabadwayo amayamba kusowa, placenta imaphatikizidwa ndi kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake. Imasunga mapuloteni a cytokine, omwe amapereka insulin kukana. Pambuyo pa kubala mwana, chilichonse chimabwerera kumalo ake ndipo kumva kwa insulin kumabwezeretseka.

Mwa amayi omwe ali ndi thupi lolemera komanso zovuta zapakati, kukana insulini kumatha kupitilira kubereka, zomwe zimawonjezera chiwopsezo chawo cha matenda ashuga.

Kodi kuchitira insulin kukana

Zakudya ndi zolimbitsa thupi zimathandiza kuchiza insulin kukana. Nthawi zambiri, zimakhala zokwanira kubwezeretsa chidwi cha maselo. Kuti tifulumizitse njirayi, nthawi zina amatipatsa mankhwala omwe amatha kuyendetsa kagayidwe.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa: >> Kodi metabolic syndrome ndi momwe mungathane nayo.

Chakudya chopangira insulin

Zakudya zokhala ndi insulin kukana ndi kusowa kwa zopatsa mphamvu zimachepetsa mawonetseredwe ake m'masiku ochepa, ngakhale musanayambe kulemera. Kuchepetsa ngakhale makilogalamu 5-10 a kulemera kumakulitsa mphamvu ndikuyambiranso mayankho a maselo ku insulin. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, odwala omwe ali ndi insulin, koma opanda matenda ashuga, pomwe amachepetsa thupi, adakulitsa chidwi cha maselo ndi 2% ndi 16%.

Zakudya zozikidwa pa kusanthula zimapangidwa ndi dokotala woganizira momwe wodwalayo alili. Ndi lipids yabwinobwino yamagazi ndi kuwonjezereka pang'ono, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti mafuta ochepera 30% azipezeka kuchokera kumafuta ndikuletsa kudya zamafuta osaphatikizika. Ngati kulemera kwa thupi kumafunika kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa mafuta muzakudya kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.

Ngati mulibe matenda a shuga, kuchepetsa zamagalimoto kuti muchepetse shuga m'magazi sikofunikira. Asayansi sanapeze ubale pakati pa kuchuluka kwa shuga muzakudya ndi mphamvu zam'maselo. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha zakudya zoyenera ndikuchepetsa thupi, zakudya zilizonse, kuphatikizapo carb yotsika, ndizoyenera pazolinga izi. Chofunikira chachikulu ndikusowa kwa zopatsa mphamvu, zomwe zimapereka kuchepa kwa thupi.

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi

Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandizira kuti mugwiritse ntchito zopatsa mphamvu, chifukwa chake, zimathandizira kuchepetsa thupi. Izi sizokhazo zabwino zokhuza kagayidwe kachakudya. Zinapezeka kuti wogwira ntchito mphindi 30 wogwira ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito minofu ya glycogen ndipo amalimbikitsa kukoka kwa magazi ndi ma 2 nthawi, izi zimatha kwa maola 48. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi katatu pa sabata popanda matenda a shuga kumathandizira kuthana ndi maselo.

Ntchito zotsatirazi ndizokonda:

1. Aerobic kulimbitsa thupi kuyambira mphindi 25 mpaka ola limodzi, pomwe kugunda kwamphamvu kwa 70% kumapitilira.
2. Kulimbitsa kwambiri kulimbitsa mphamvu pogwiritsa ntchito ma seti angapo komanso ma reps ambiri.

Kuphatikiza kwa mitundu iwiriyi ya ntchito kumapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa nthawi yayitali kumawonjezera chidwi cha maselo osati kwakanthawi kochepa pambuyo pamakalasi, komanso kumapanganso chikhalidwe chabwino chochepetsera kukana kwa insulin panthawi yoperewera. Sport imatha kuchiza komanso kupewa vutoli.

Mankhwala

Ngati kusintha kwa moyo wawo sikokwanira, ndipo kusanthula kukupitiliza kuwonetsa chiwonetsero cha HOMA-IR, chithandizo chotsutsana ndi insulin, kupewa matenda ashuga ndi zovuta zina zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a metformin.

Glucophage ndi mankhwala oyamba omwe adakhazikitsidwa, opangidwa ndikupanga ku France. Imasintha chidwi cha maselo kuti apange insulini, koma sangathe kulimbikitsa kapangidwe kake ndi kapamba, chifukwa chake osagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a shuga 1. Kuchita bwino kwa Glucophage kumatsimikiziridwa ndi maphunziro ambiri pazamulo zonse zamankhwala zokhala ndi umboni.

Tsoka ilo, metformin mu Mlingo wambiri nthawi zambiri imayambitsa zovuta zina mwanjira ya mseru, kutsegula m'mimba, kulawa kwazitsulo. Kuphatikiza apo, zimatha kusokoneza kuyamwa kwa vitamini B12 ndi folic acid. Chifukwa chake, metformin imayikidwa muyezo wotsika kwambiri, womwe umayang'anitsitsa chithandizo cha kuchepa thupi komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Glucophage ili ndi ma analogi angapo - mankhwala omwe amafanana kwathunthu ndi mawonekedwe ake. Odziwika kwambiri ndi Siofor (Germany), Metformin (Russia), Metfogamm (Germany).