Mankhwala ali gawo lachitatu pochiza matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri. Magawo awiri oyambawa akutanthauza chakudya chamafuta ochepa komanso zolimbitsa thupi. Akapanda kupirira, mapiritsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Koma zimachitika kuti mapiritsiwa ndi osagwira, pakadali pano, wodwalayo amapatsidwa jakisoni wa insulin. Tilankhule mwatsatanetsatane za mndandanda wamankhwala omwe angapatsidwe lero kwa odwala matenda ashuga.
Magulu a Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo
Malinga ndi zomwe anachita, mankhwala a shuga amawagawa m'magulu awiri:
- Mankhwala omwe amachititsa chidwi cha maselo kupita ku insulin ya mahomoni.
- Zinthu zamankhwala zomwe zimapangitsa kapamba kuti achulukitse kuchuluka kwa insulin.
Kuyambira pakati pa 2000s, mankhwala atsopano a shuga adamasulidwa, omwe amaphatikizapo mankhwala omwe ali ndi zotsatira zosiyana, motero mwanjira ina sizingatheke kuphatikiza iwo panobe. Ngakhale awa ndi magulu awiri a mankhwalawa omwe ali ndi ntchito ya insretin, koma, zowonadi, ena adzawonekera pakapita nthawi.
Palinso mapiritsi monga acarbose (glucobai), amaletsa kuyamwa kwa glucose m'mimba yamagetsi, koma nthawi zambiri amayambitsa kukhumudwa. Koma ngati wodwalayo atsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa, ndiye kuti kufunika kwa mankhwalawa kumatha.
Ngati wodwala sangathe kuthana ndi vuto la njala ndipo sangathe kutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa, ayenera kumwa mankhwala a shuga, omwe mutha kuwongolera chidwi chanu. Kuchokera ku glucobaia, mawonekedwe apadera samayang'aniridwa, chifukwa chake, kukambirana kwake kopitilira sikumveka. Pansipa pali mndandanda wamapiritsi.
Mapiritsi a shuga
Maninil
Mapiritsi awa a shuga ndiwotchuka kwambiri masiku ano, amalimbikitsa kapamba wokhala ndi maselo a beta.
Diabetes
Monga mankhwala am'mbuyomu, amathandizira kapamba ndi maselo a beta, koma otsika kwambiri kuposa oyamba mwamphamvu. Komabe, diabetesone imalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kwa insulin.
Ziphuphu
Mankhwalawa odwala matenda ashuga amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la impso kapena matenda ena oyanjana.
Amaril
Mankhwala ndi a m'badwo watsopano wa mankhwala. Zotsatira zake zimaphatikizidwa ndi kukondoweza kwa kutulutsidwa kwa insulin ya ma cell ku ma cell a beta a gland. Amaryl nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi insulin.
Kodi mankhwala a insulin ndi ati?
Shuga mellitus mtundu 1 ndi 2 amatanthauza matenda a metabolic, chifukwa chake, mankhwala, choyamba, ayenera kukhala ndi cholinga chobweretsa zomwe zimachitika mthupi.
Chifukwa chakuti chifukwa chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga a 1 ndi kufa kwa maselo a beta omwe amapanga insulin, timadzi timeneti timayenera kutumizidwa kuchokera kunja. Kutuluka kwa insulin mthupi kumatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi jakisoni kapena potembenukira pampu ya insulin. Ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, mwatsoka, palibenso njira ina yothandizira mankhwala a insulin.
Pochiza matenda a shuga a 2, madokotala amatipatsa mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa shuga. Palibe chifukwa chobwera ndi insulin m'gululi la odwala matenda ashuga.
Lemberani mankhwala a shuga atatu
Mankhwala a shuga a Type 2 amatha kugawidwa m'magulu angapo. Ngakhale zili zofunikira kukhazikikapo kuti palibe njira yeniyeni yothetsera matenda ashuga. Munjira zambiri, kupambana kwa chithandizo cha matenda a shuga kumatengera:
- kuchokera wofunitsitsa wodwalayo kuti amenye matendawa molimba;
- kuchokera pa moyo wa wodwala.
Ngati zolimbitsa thupi ndi kadyedwe sizinakhale ndi zotsatira zabwino, katswiri amapanga mankhwala a shuga, omwe amagawidwa m'magulu angapo. Dokotala atha kukulemberani mankhwala amodzi kapena mitundu imodzi yamagulu osiyanasiyana.
M'magawo oyamba a shuga, a-glucosidase inhibitors ndi othandiza kwambiri, amathandizira kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa matumbo. Zotsatira za sulfonylureas zotchulidwa, monga lamulo, zikafunika zolimbikitsa kubisirana kwa insulin ndi maselo a beta.
Koma mankhwalawa ali ndi zotsutsana zingapo, zomwe zimaphatikizapo:
- m'mimba ntchito;
- kapamba wa shuga kapamba kapena mtundu 1 shuga;
- mimba ndi mkaka wa m`mawere;
- kuvulala
- matenda opatsirana;
- mitundu yonse yamawonekedwe owoneka.
Ngati magazi a wodwalayo ali ndi insulin yokwanira, endocrinologist imatha kupereka wodwala ndi gulu la Biguanide. Mankhwalawa a shuga samalimbikitsa kupanga insulin, koma amalimbikitsa mphamvu yake paziphuphu.
Biguanides amachepetsa kupanga kwa shuga ndi chiwindi, mayamwidwe ake ndi matumbo, kuletsa chidwi cha chakudya. Koma posankha iwo, zingapo zosokoneza zosiyana ziyenera kukumbukiridwa:
- hypoxia dziko;
- aimpso kuwonongeka;
- zovuta za matenda ashuga, etc.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamagulu amishuga amtundu wa 2
Kumwa mapiritsi omwe amachepetsa shuga m'magazi a shuga sikulephera. Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo adzayenera kuzindikira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala tsiku lililonse mosavomerezeka kumawononga m'mimba, chiwindi ndi magazi.
Komabe pali mwayi wosintha mtundu wa antidiabetesic chemistry, ngati mumapereka ntchito yochepetsa shuga ndi zachilengedwe. Izi, zachidziwikire, zimakhudza matenda a shuga a 2 omwe samadalira insulini. Apa ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito magazi a shuga mamilimita TC, mwachitsanzo.
Nthawi zambiri, adotolo amatha kuthandizira mankhwalawo pogwiritsa ntchito zakudya pomupatsa zowonjezera zakudya (zowonjezera zakudya), zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Omwe amaganiza kuti zopatsa mphamvu zowonjezera pochiza matenda ashuga ali kulakwitsa.
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, padakali pano palibe amene angachiritse matendawa. Komabe, zowonjezera zakudya zimangokhala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zokha, zomwe mankhwalawa amachititsa mtundu wa matenda ashuga amitundu iwiri.
Mwachitsanzo, "Insulin" ndichakudya chowonjezera, chomwe:
- Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwakuchepetsa mayamwidwe ake.
- Amasintha njira zama metabolic.
- Imayendetsa katemera wa pancreatic.
- Amathandizira kuchepetsa kulemera komanso kusintha kagayidwe kachakudya.
Zowonjezera zitha kutumikiridwa ngati mankhwala amodzi popewa matenda amtundu wa 2, ndipo zitha kukhala gawo limodzi pamavuto othandizira. Pogwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali "Insulin" mwa odwala pali kuchepa kwamtundu wa glycemic.
Kutsatira kwambiri zakudya zowonjezera komanso zakudya zomwe zimadyetsedwa, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi komwe kumayandikira zizindikiro zosakhala ndi matenda a shuga kumawonjezeka.
Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa shuga
| Pamimba yopanda kanthu | 5.0-6.0 mmol / L. |
| Patatha maola awiri mutadya | 7.5-8.0 mmol / L. |
| Asanagone | 6.0-7.0 mmol / L. |
Kufunika kwa jakisoni wa insulin
Nthawi zambiri, ngati zovuta za matenda ashuga zimaposa zaka 5 mpaka 10, kudya komanso kumwa mankhwala sikokwanira. Pali kale mankhwala osachiritsika a insulin kapena osakhalitsa. Koma adotolo amatha kupatsa insulini kale kwambiri ngati njira zina sizingakonzere kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Insulin, monga chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a mtundu 2, kale anali kuwonedwa ngati njira yomaliza. Masiku ano, madokotala amatsatira malingaliro osiyana ndi amenewo.
M'mbuyomu, odwala ambiri omwe amadziwa zakumwa za matenda a shuga anali ndi chidziwitso chachikulu cha nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimabweretsa ngozi yayikulu pamoyo, ndipo munthawi ya insulin, odwala anali ndi zovuta zambiri za matenda ashuga.
Zochita zamakono zochizira matenda a shuga zawonetsa kuti insulin ndi imodzi mwazomwe amathandizira kuchepetsa shuga. Kusiyana kwake kuchokera pamapiritsi kumangokhala mu njira yoyendetsera (jakisoni) ndi mtengo wokwera.
Mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, 30-40% ya odwala amafunikira insulin. Kodi kuyamba ndi mankhwala a insulin kungagwiritsidwe ntchito bwanji ndi endocrinologist, chifukwa zonse zimatengera umunthu wa thupi.
Kodi ndingakhale ndi shuga?
Masiku ano, wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi mwayi uliwonse wopewa kukulira zovuta zingapo ndikukhalanso moyo wabwino. Odwala ali ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala ochokera ku zitsamba, kukonzekera kwa insulin, kudziletsa komanso njira zingapo zoyendetsera.
Kuphatikiza apo, "masukulu a shuga" atsegulidwa, omwe amaphunzitsa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso mabanja awo. Ntchitoyi cholinga chake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti wodwalayo amadziwa zambiri momwe angathere pokhudzana ndi matenda ake ndipo amatha kupirira nawo payekha, kwinaku akusunga chisangalalo cha moyo wamba.
Vuto lalikulu lomwe limachepetsa njira yochepetsera shuga ndizovuta za hypoglycemia. Chifukwa chake, kwa odwala ena ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti azikhala ndi glycemia pamalo okwera, mpaka 11 mmol / l masana. Kusamala kumeneku kungathandize kuti shuga wambiri asagwere.
Nthawi zambiri, kuopa hypoglycemia kumakhala kukokomeza komanso kopanda maziko, koma mulingo wa shuga womwe umalepheretsa nthawi zambiri umakwera mpaka 10-15 mmol / l masana, womwe ndi woopsa kwambiri.
