Matenda a shuga ndi kuphwanya kagayidwe kazinthu kamadzi m'thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuphwanya kapamba. Ndiamayi yemwe ali ndi udindo wopanga mahomoni otchedwa insulin. Homoni ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimapangidwa pokonza shuga ndikusintha kwake kukhala glucose.
Kuperewera kapena kusowa kwa insulini kumapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala pang'ono m'magazi, ambiri omwe amapukusidwa kudzera mkodzo. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakhudza kagayidwe kamadzi. Tizilombo ta wodwalayo sitingathe kusunga madzi, chifukwa chake impso zambiri zosafunikira zimakonzedwa ndi impso.
Amayi atatha zaka 40, zaka 50, kapena msinkhu wina uliwonse akapezeka ndi shuga wambiri, titha kukambirana za chitukuko cha matenda ashuga. Matenda okhudzana ndi metabolism amatha kukhala obadwa mwatsopano kapena kutengedwa. Wodwala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mano, mantha a m'maso, mawonekedwe amaso, ma pustule amawoneka pakhungu, angina pectoris, atherosulinosis, matenda oopsa.
Mitundu ya matenda ashuga mwa akazi
Ngati tilingalira za mtundu wa matenda a shuga a 2, kuti zimachitika mwazinthu makumi asanu ndi anayi zakubadwa. Monga lamulo, gawo lalikulu lachiwopsezo ndi amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 40, koma sizichitika kawirikawiri mwa ana kapena atsikana achichepere.
Odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi mtundu uwu wa shuga ndi onenepa kwambiri, ziyenera kudziwika kuti kunenepa kwambiri komanso matenda a shuga nthawi zonse amalumikizana.
Monga momwe masewera akusonyezera, matenda a shuga a 2 amachiritsika kwambiri. Kuwongolera vutoli, ndikokwanira kuti wodwalayo ayambe moyo wathanzi. Mukanyalanyaza izi, zovuta zazikulu zimayamba kukulira zomwe zimakhudza ziwalo zamkati kapenanso machitidwe awo.
Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa akazi pambuyo pa 40 zimawonekera pafupipafupi zikafika fomu yake yoyamba. Matenda a 1 a mtundu wa shuga nthawi zambiri amadzimva akadali aang'ono kapena aunyamata. Matendawa amatengedwa kuti ndi akulu kwambiri ndipo sangathe kuthandizidwa. Moyo wa wodwala umathandizidwa ndi jakisoni wa insulin yemwe sangathetse vutoli kwathunthu.
Zadziwika kuti m'zaka zaposachedwa, mtundu 1 wa matenda a shuga umapezeka kawirikawiri mwa azimayi azaka za pakati pa 41 mpaka 49. Amadziwikanso kuti pakadali pano matendawa amaloledwa mosavuta kusiyana ndi achinyamata.
Ngati mayi wamkulu wazaka zapakati pa 42 kapena wazaka zilizonse ali ndi vuto la mtundu woyamba kapena mtundu wa 2 komanso atakhala ndi pakati, amawerengedwa ngati chiwopsezo. Matendawa sikuti akuphwanya mimba, koma amafunika kuyang'aniridwa mwachidwi kwambiri panthawi ya bere. Kunyalanyaza vutoli nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa fetus.
Matenda a gestational ndi matenda omwe amakula mwachindunji panthawi yapakati. Nthawi yomweyo, zaka za mkazi sizofunika kwenikweni, zimatha kuwonekera, monga momwe zimakhalira zaka makumi anayi ndi ziwiri mwa mkazi amene wabereka kachiwiri, komanso makumi awiri.
Nthawi zambiri, mawonetseredwe a matendawa amapezeka wachiwiri trimester, pomwe mahomoni azomwe amasintha kwambiri, pambuyo pake shuga amatha kuchuluka.
Monga lamulo, pambuyo pobala mwana zinthu zimakhazikika, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumabwezeretseka. Komabe, mtsogolo, mkazi ayenera kusamala, chifukwa pali ngozi yoti pambuyo pa zaka 45 adzalandira mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda.
Matenda amtunduwu alibe zizindikiro. Asanabadwe, sizingaoneke. Makamaka chidwi ndi shuga ya magazi iyenera kuperekedwa kwa amayi apakati, omwe kulemera kwa fetal kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kwazonse ndi ultrasound.
Zizindikiro
Titha kusiyanitsa zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga mwa akazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kudziwa matenda ashuga mwa iwo atatha zaka 40 - 46. Zomwe zimayambitsa chitukuko cha matendawa zimatha kukhalanso chibadwa chamunthu. Zoyambitsa zomwe zimachitika ndi izi:
- Kulephera kutsatira zakudya.
- Kunenepa kwambiri komanso kunenepa kwambiri.
- Kupanda kuyenda.
- Kupanikizika pafupipafupi.
- Zovuta za chikhalidwe chamafuta.
Zizindikiro zomwe zidalembedwera shuga kwa akazi zimakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa kapamba, yemwe amasiya kugwira ntchito zake. Pachifukwa ichi, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatuluka ndipo matenda a shuga amakula. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda ashuga omwe amapita patsogolo azimayi atatha zaka 44 ndi monga:
- Kuchulukitsa kutulutsa thupi kapena nkhope.
- Zovuta za kusamba.
- Kuwonongeka kwa mkhalidwe wambale ya msomali, tsitsi, mawonekedwe a zilonda kapena ziphuphu kumaso.
- Kunenepa kwambiri, komwe kumatha kubweretsa kunenepa kwambiri.
- Ludzu lalikulu ndi njala, ngakhale mutatha kudya.
- Chizungulire, kutopa, kufooka.
- Kuyabwa
- Kuchiritsa pang'onopang'ono kwa mabala.
Ma alamu amawonekera koyamba. Ngati mayi wazaka 47 kuphatikiza / opanda zaka zingapo ali ndi zisonyezo zingapo pamndandanda womwe uli pamwambapa, ndikofunikira kukayezetsa. Pa magawo oyamba, kukonza zakudya, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira yolimba, kumatha kuthetsa vutoli.
Ngati tilingalira moyenera za momwe matenda a shuga amapitilira mzimayi, ndikofunikira kudziwa mawonekedwe angapo apamtima. Matendawa amakhudza mkhalidwe wamatumbo, ndichifukwa chake kayendedwe ka magazi kamasokonezeka pansi pa khungu komanso pakhungu la mucous. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Maonekedwe a ma microcracks pa mucous nembanemba, kupsinjika kwambiri kwa nkhope.
- Sinthani mulingo wa asidi mkati mwa nyini.
- Kuchepetsa mphamvu yoteteza chitetezo m'thupi.
- Kuchepetsa zimagwira mucous.
- Ma microcracks owonekera amachira pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake amayambitsa mawonekedwe a bowa ndi ma virus.
Iyenera kuwunika makamaka pakuluma komwe kumapitilira, komwe kumatha kuzunza nthawi yonse. Mutha kuthana ndi izi posankha zoyipa zoyenera zapaukhondo, ma shampoos, sopo, ma shafa osambira. Zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ochepa a khungu lolimba.
Chikhalidwe cha mkazi, makamaka ali ndi zaka 43-50, ndikusagwira bwino kwa msambo. Kusintha kwa mahomoni m'thupi kumabweretsa chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana. Kulephera kwa moyo wogonana kumakhalanso ndi malo.
Nthawi zina, ndi kusamba komwe kumayambitsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga.
Zifukwa
Zotsatirazi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga zimatha kusiyanitsidwa:
- Dongosolo la kudziwikiratu mtima limawerengedwa kuti ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Kuti muchepetse chiwonetsero cha matendawa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti zina zonse zoyambitsa zichepetse mpaka zero.
- Kunenepa kwambiri Amayi ambiri omwe adakwanitsa zaka makumi anayi amadwala matenda a shuga makamaka chifukwa cholemetsa kwambiri, omwe amayenera kuphatikizidwa.
- Matenda a Beta-cell omwe amathandizira kupanga insulin. Izi zimaphatikizapo khansa ya kapamba, kapamba, ndi zina zotero.
- Matenda paukalamba monga nkhuku, rubella, chimfine, ndi zina zambiri. Matenda opatsirana amatengedwa ngati malo othandiza kukula kwa matenda ashuga, makamaka pamene mayi ali pachiwopsezo.
- Kukhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse. Mzimayi atatha zaka makumi anayi ayenera kudziteteza mosamala pakusokonezeka m'maganizo ndi zovuta zamavuto.
Mndandandandawo suwaphatikizapo zonse zomwe zimayambitsa komanso zizindikilo za matenda ashuga mwa akazi. Mndandandandawu mulibe matenda omwe shuga ndi chizindikiro chachiwiri. Komanso, shuga wambiri sangatchedwa shuga, mpaka mawonekedwe ake azachipatala azioneka.
Hyperglycemia ikhoza kukhalanso chizindikiro cha zotupa zomwe zikukula, adrenal hyperfunction, kapamba, ndi zina.
Ngati mumanyalanyaza zizindikirocho
Matenda a shuga a shuga, ngati matenda odziimira pawokha, siwopseza moyo wa munthu. Komabe, mutasiyidwa, zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu zomwe zingayambitse imfa.
Chimodzi mwazotsatira zazikulu zimadziwika kuti ndi matenda a shuga. Zizindikiro zake zimakula mwachangu kwambiri, chizindikiritso chodziwikiratu ndi chisokonezo, kulepheretsa kuchitazo. Wodwala wokhala ndi zizindikiro zotere ayenera kuchipatala.
Khofi wambiri wa ketoacidotic, yemwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwambiri kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi poizoni zomwe zimapangidwa panthawi ya kagayidwe. Zimasokoneza ntchito ya maselo amitsempha. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha chikomokere cha mtundu uwu ndi kununkhira kwa acetone mkamwa, yomwe imamveka pomwe wodwala akupumira.
Ngati tikulankhula za vuto la hypoglycemic, wodwalayo amakhala ndi nkhawa, amakhala wokutidwa thukuta kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, kugwa kwamwadzidzidzi m'magazi a glucose amalembedwa, zomwe zimachitika ndi Mlingo wolakwika wa insulin. Kuti muthane ndi zizindikirazi, ndikofunikira kupatsa wodwalayo tiyi wokoma. Kenako, dokotala yemwe amakupatsani mankhwala amatchedwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, edema yodziwika kapena yachilengedwe wamba imatha kukhala vuto la matenda osakhazikika a shuga. Kukula kwa zovuta zake kumadaliranso ndi kulephera kwamtima. Chizindikiro ichi chikuonetsa kukula kwa vuto laimpso.
Kutupa ndi asymmetrical. Ngati mayi wa pakati kapena wachikulire ali ndi edema ya phazi limodzi kapena mwendo wotsika, monga chithunzi, titha kulankhula za diabetesic microangiopathy yamiyendo, yothandizidwa ndi neuropathy.
Musanachiritse matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi endocrinologist. Dokotala wokha ndi amene amatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulin, komanso kupereka mankhwala okwanira, omwe angamuthandize kuti achire.
Komabe, ndizothandiza kwambiri ngati akazi ndi amuna anzeru. Ndikothekanso kuchiritsa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, komabe, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopewera kuti mupewe kukula, makamaka ngati munthuyo ali pachiwopsezo. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akupitiliza mutu wa matenda ashuga.
