Mellitus wosadalira insulin (yemwe amatchedwanso mtundu wa 2 shuga) ndi matenda a metabolic omwe amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya koteroko ziyenera kufunidwa pakupanga kosakwanira kwa insulin ya mahomoni kapena kukana kwa maselo amthupi pazotsatira zake.
Zotsatira zake, glucose samatha kulowa m'maselo, kuyika kwake m'magazi kumakwera ndikuwoneka osavomerezeka, kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zamkati ndi machitidwe zimachitika. Kumayambiriro komwe matendawa amafalitsa, insulini ya mahomoni imatha kupangidwa mwa kuchuluka kapena ngakhale kuchuluka.
Nthawi zambiri mtundu wamtunduwu wa metabolic umatchedwa matenda a okalamba, chifukwa umapezeka mwa anthu opitirira zaka 40. Matenda a 2 a shuga ndi vuto lambiri la anthu onenepa kwambiri, ndipo ndi matenda, kunenepa kumapitilirabe.
Ngati matenda a shuga osadalira insulini apezeka, shuga amadzaza m'magazi, kuthamanga kwa magazi, thupi limayesetsa kuthamangitsa shuga kudzera mu impso, kwinaku likuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma elekitirodi. Wodwala adzakumana ndi zizindikiro: arrhythmia, kupindika kwa minofu, pakamwa lowuma.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a pathological ndizosiyanasiyana, sikuti ndizonenepa komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Zina zomwe zikulosera matenda ashuga ndi izi:
- cholowa;
- matenda opatsirana;
- kupsinjika
- zosintha zokhudzana ndi zaka;
- matenda a kapamba;
- kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni.
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amakumana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa chizungulire. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukhazikitsa zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli, kupeza njira zopewera.
Zomwe zimayambitsa chizungulire
Zinthu zonse zimatha kuyambitsa chizungulire mu shuga yodalira insulin. Chifukwa chachikulu nthawi zambiri chimakhala kuwerengera molakwika wa insulin, popanda omwe odwala matenda ashuga sangathe kuchita ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda.
Chizungulire imatha kugwirizanitsidwa ndi hypoglycemia, pomwe pali kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chakudya chamagulu ambiri.
Chifukwa chake mutu womwewo ukupakika mu odwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena, chizungulire chimakhala chosasangalatsa pamankhwala.
Kufooka kwathunthu, chizungulire chizungulire kumadzetsa kusowa kwa shuga, chifukwa pokhapokha ngati pali shuga wambiri:
- ubongo umagwira ntchito bwino:
- ziwalo ndi machitidwe zimayenda bwino.
Zizindikiro monga chizungulire zimachitika ndi kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, arrhythmias, zochitika zopsinjika, kupweteka kwa mtima, komanso kutopa kwambiri. Zonsezi zitha kumuuza dokotalayo za kukhalapo kwa wodwala wodwala matenda ashuga.
Ndi kuthekera kwa kapamba kuti apeze kuchuluka kwa insulini, hyperglycemia imayamba, mwa kuyankhula kwina, uku ndiko kukhazikika kwa chitetezo chathupi. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kosapeweka.
Ndi hyperglycemia, kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi, kusintha kwa kagayidwe kachakudya ka mankhwala a anaerobic sikusiyidwa. Kupereka kwa glycogen kumatha pang'onopang'ono, kulumikizana kwa kayendedwe kusintha, kufooka ndi chizungulire kumakula. Vutoli limakhala lodzaza ndi minyewa kukokana, ululu, zoyambitsa ziyenera kufunidwa podzikundikira lactic acid.
Ndikofunikira kuti odwala matenda ashuga amvetsetse bwino mavuto obwera chifukwa cha chizungulire, amadziwa njira zothanirana ndi zizindikiro za matendawa, ndipo amadziwa momwe angachotsere zizindikiro zoyambirira za kuchepa kwa shuga. Ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala, kukhazikitsa chomwe chimayambitsa kuphwanya, kuphunzira momwe mungapangire kusowa kwa glucose m'magazi. Ngati mukumva chizungulire, kungakhale kofunikira kuti mupeze jakisoni wa glucagon mwachangu.
Vuto linanso la hyperglycemia ndi ketoacidosis, vuto limachitika nthawi zambiri ndi vuto losakwanira la shuga. Ndi wopanda shuga, thupi la munthu:
- aphwanya zosungira mafuta;
- yogwira matupi a ketone.
Kuchulukitsa kwa matupi a ketone kumapangitsa kuchuluka kwa acidity ya magazi, zizindikiritso: kufooka, nseru, ludzu, kugwirira ntchito kwambiri, kusawona bwino. Palinso fungo labwino la acetone lochokera mkamwa mu shuga.
Kupatula ketoacidosis, pamafunika jekeseni pafupipafupi, kubwezeretsanso madzi. Mwambiri, matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin samayambitsa chizungulire, amathanso kuyenda ndi kufooka, makutu onyentchera, komanso khungu m'maso. Zizindikirozi zimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera, zimatha kuphatikizidwa ndi vuto lomwe likukula, kukhala chiyambi cha kukomoka kwa matenda ashuga.
Ngati mukukayikira ketoacidosis, muyenera kuyitanitsa gulu la ambulansi, kudzipereka nokha muzochitika zotere kumakhala kovuta komanso kufa.
Zoyenera kuchitira chizungulire
Pamene chizungulire ndi kufooka mwa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga chifukwa cha kutsika msanga kwamisempha, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti mukhale wathanzi. Choyamba muyenera kudya zakudya zotsekemera kapena kumwa tiyi ndi shuga, kuthira mafuta ozizira pamphumi ya matenda ashuga, pukutani nsalu ya thonje pothira viniga. Zitatha izi, wodwalayo amagona pansi kapena patsinde pa bedi.
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga angafunike kumwa mankhwala apadera kuti athetse vuto, athetse kufooka: Motilium, Cinnarizine. Pakusamalidwa kwamankhwala mosayembekezereka, wodwalayo atha kudwala mwadzidzidzi ndi kugwa, komwe kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kutuluka.
Pakakhala phokoso ladzidzidzi, ambulansi imatchedwa mwachangu, odwala matenda ashuga amafunika kugonekedwa. Zosintha pamlingo wa glycemia, chizungulire chitha kupewedwa chifukwa chotsatira kwambiri zakudya.
Kwa odwala matenda ashuga:
- ndizoletsedwa kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, khofi wamphamvu wamphamvu, tiyi wakuda;
- muyenera kusiya chizolowezi chosuta fodya.
Amawonetsedwa kuti azidya zakudya pafupipafupi, osachulukitsa, sankhani zolimbitsa thupi zokwanira.
Masewera ndiofunikira, koma amayang'aniridwa ndi endocrinologist.
Zochizira komanso kupewa
Pogwiritsa ntchito matenda osokoneza bongo omwe samadalira insulin komanso matenda a chizungulire, odwala ayenera kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, kutsatira zakudya zinazake, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Tisaiwale za kukhala ndi madzi osasinthasintha, izi zikuthandizira kuthetsa kusowa kwamadzi.
Pokonza ma asidi achilengedwe mthupi, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira kumachita mbali yofunika.
Popeza kupanga bicarbonate m'thupi la munthu nthawi zonse kumabwera koyamba, pomwe imasungidwa mu matenda ashuga kuthana ndi kusowa kwamadzi, insulin katulutsidwe imalephereka. Pakapita nthawi, mahomoni amakhala osakwanira, shuga ya magazi imakwera.
Madzi amathandizira kulowa kolowera kwa glucose m'maselo, minyewa yonse ya thupi. Chifukwa chake, kupewa mavuto a glycemia ndi chizungulire, osati kokha insulin, komanso kuchuluka kokwanira kwamadzi ndikofunikira.
Maselo amapangidwa ndimadzi, gawo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga bicarbonate panthawi yazakudya, ndipo gawo linalo ndilofunikira kuti limere michere. Chifukwa chake zidayamba:
- kusowa kwa insulin;
- kusakwanira kwa mahomoni ndi thupi.
Kuti mukhale ndi madzi oyenera, muyenera kukumbukira nthawi zonse malamulo osavuta. M'mawa uliwonse, 400 ml ya madzi oyeretsedwa opanda mpweya amayenera kudyedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, monga amachitira asanadye chilichonse. Amafunika kusiya mowa, tiyi wamphamvu, khofi, zakumwa zoterezi zimakhudza thupi la odwala matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba komanso wachiwiri. Ndi madzi oyera omwe amawonetsedwa moyenera m'thupi, amalepheretsa kukula kwa matenda ambiri owopsa, zikhalidwe, kufooka komanso chizungulire pafupipafupi, kuphatikiza.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi zizindikiro za matenda osagwirizana ndi inshuwaransi omwe amadalira shuga adzafotokozedwa ndi akatswiri mu kanema munkhaniyi.
