Glycated hemoglobin ndi chizindikiro chamagazi amomwe amachititsa chidwi cha kuchuluka kwa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali. Glycohemoglobin imakhala ndi shuga ndi hemoglobin. Mulingo wa glycogemoglobin womwe umafotokoza kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin m'magazi omwe amalumikizidwa ndi mamolekyulu a shuga.
Phunziroli liyenera kuchitika kuti muzindikire matenda omwe ali ndi matenda monga matenda ashuga, kuti muchepetse kusintha kwa mitundu yonse yamavuto a hyperglycemia. Kusanthula, chipangizo chosanthula chapadera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuphatikiza apo, magazi a hemoglobin wa glycated amayenera kuperekedwa kuti ayang'anire mphamvu ya mankhwala a shuga. Chizindikiro ichi chimatsimikizika ngati gawo la hemoglobin yokwanira.
Ndikofunikira kwa odwala matenda ashuga, ngakhale atakhala kuti ali ndi matendawa, kuti amvetsetse glycated hemoglobin ndi zomwe amagwirizana ndi matenda a shuga. Muyenera kudziwa kuti chizindikirochi chimapangidwa chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa amino acid ndi shuga. Kuchuluka kwa mapangidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi kumalumikizidwa ndi chizindikiro cha glycemia. Zotsatira zake, hemoglobin yotere imatha kukhala yamitundu yosiyanasiyana:
- HbA1c;
- HbA1a;
- HbA1b.
Pazifukwa zomwe kuchuluka kwa shuga mu shuga kumachulukira, kusintha kwa mankhwala komwe kumachitika mwa hemoglobin ndi shuga kumadutsa msanga, hemoglobin ya glycosylated imakwera. Kutalika kwa moyo wama cell ofiira a hemoglobin kumakhala pafupifupi masiku 120, chifukwa chake, kusanthula kukuwonetsa kutalika kwa hemoglobin kwa nthawi yayitali kuchoka pachizolowezi.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti maselo ofiira amwazi amatha kusunga mu kukumbukira kwawo kuchuluka kwa mamolekyu a hemoglobin omwe, m'miyezi itatu yapitayi, adalumikizidwa ndi mamolekyulu a shuga. Komabe, panthawi imodzimodzi, maselo ofiira a m'magazi amatha kukhala a mibadwo yosiyana, chifukwa chake kuli koyenera kuchita kafukufuku pakatha miyezi iwiri iliyonse.
Kasamalidwe ka matenda ashuga
Munthu aliyense ali ndi hemoglobin m'magazi, koma kuchuluka kwake mu shuga amakwera katatu, makamaka kwa odwala pambuyo zaka 49. Ngati chithandizo chokwanira chikuchitika, pakatha milungu 6, munthu amakhala ndi hemoglobin yokhazikika mu matenda a shuga.
Mukayerekezera hemoglobin wa matenda ashuga komanso glycated hemoglobin pazomwe zili ndi shuga, kuwunika kwachiwiri kudzakhala kolondola momwe zingatheke. Ikupereka lingaliro la boma la matenda ashuga m'miyezi yaposachedwa.
Pambuyo poyesedwa koyambirira kwa magazi kupezeka kuti hemoglobin ya glycated idakwezedwa, pamakhala zizindikiro zowonetsa kusintha kwamankhwala a shuga. Kusanthula uku ndikofunikanso kudziwa kufunikira kwa kuwonjezereka kwa mkhalidwe wam'magawo.
Malinga ndi endocrinologists, ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa nthawi ya glycated hemoglobin, chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga nephropathy ndi retinopathy adzachepa pafupifupi theka. Ndiye chifukwa chake ndikofunikira:
- nthawi zambiri zomwe zimayendera shuga;
- kutenga mayeso.
Tsoka ilo, mutha kupereka magazi kuti mupeze kafukufuku wotereyu kumalo osungira anthu wamba ndi m'malo azachipatala. Pakadali pano, zipatala za boma sizikhala ndi zida zapadera.
Zizindikiro za phunziroli zili mwa azimayi ena panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, izi ndizofunikira kuti azindikire zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndi matenda a shuga a mentitus.
Nthawi zina zizindikiro zoyeserera sizodalirika, chifukwa chomwe izi ndizowonjezera magazi a amayi oyembekezera, komanso kufupikitsidwa nthawi yamoyo wam'magazi.
Kodi muyeso, mfundo zake ndi za chiyani
Kuti muwone ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikwabwinobwino kapena ayi, njira ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo - ichi ndi muyeso wopanda shuga wa m'mimba komanso kuyesa kwa glucose. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatha kusiyanasiyana, kutengera ndi zakudya zomwe zimamwa ndi zina. Chifukwa chake, matenda a shuga nthawi zonse satha kupezeka munthawi yake.
Njira yabwino ndikuwunikira hemoglobin ya glycosylated, imakhala yothandiza komanso yolondola, 1 ml yokha yotsala magazi a venous amachokera kwa wodwala. Ndizosatheka kupereka magazi wodwala atalandira magazi ndikuchitidwa opaleshoni, popeza zomwe zimapezeka ndizolondola.
Ngati wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi chida chapadera chofufuzira kunyumba, zitha kuchitidwa kunyumba. Posachedwa, zida zoterezi zimapezeka kwambiri pochita madokotala ndi zipatala zamankhwala. Chipangizocho chikuthandizira kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin m'magazi amtundu uliwonse wa wodwala patangopita mphindi zochepa:
- venous;
- capillary.
Kuti chidziwitso chaumoyo chikhale cholondola, muyenera kutsatira malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito chipangizocho.
Glycosylated hemoglobin wokwera kuphatikiza pa shuga imawonetsa kuchepa kwa mchere. Mlingo wa hba1c, ngati ukuyambira pa 5.5 ndikutha pa 7%, akuwonetsa mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga. Kuchuluka kwa chinthu kuyambira 6.5 mpaka 6.9 kukufotokoza za kukhalapo kwa hyperglycemia, ngakhale zili choncho ndikofunikira kuperekanso magazi.
Ngati palibe hemoglobin yokwanira mu kusanthula, dokotala adzazindikira hypoglycemia, ndipo izi zingasonyezenso kupezeka kwa hemolytic anemia.
Glycated hemoglobin
Mwa munthu wathanzi, mlingo wa hemoglobin wa glycated umachokera ku 4 mpaka 6.5% ya hemoglobin yonse. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, kuwunika kukuwonetsa glycogemoglobin kangapo. Kuti achepetse vutoli, choyambirira, akuwonetsedwa kuti atenga magawo onse kuti achepetse glycemia, pokhapokha ngati izi zitheka, zimatha kukwaniritsa kusintha kwamankhwala a shuga, kukwaniritsa gawo la hemoglobin yomwe ilipo.
Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti pamene kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin ya glycated ikadutsa ndi 1%, shuga amalumphira nthawi yomweyo ndi 2 mmol / L. Ndi glycated hemoglobin yachuluka mpaka 8%, mfundo za glycemia zimachokera ku 8.2 mpaka 10.0 mmol / L. Poterepa, pali zisonyezo zakusintha kwa kadyedwe. Hemoglobin 6 yachilendo.
Pamene glycated hemoglobin chizolowezi cha shuga chikuwonjezeka ndi 14%, izi zikuwonetsa kuti 13-20 mmol / L ya glucose ikuzungulira mu magazi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kufunafuna thandizo la madokotala mwachangu momwe mungathere, vuto lofananalo limatha kukhala lovuta komanso lopangitsa zovuta.
Chizindikiro chachindunji cha kuwunikira kumatha kukhala chizindikiro chimodzi kapena zingapo:
- kuwonda popanda chifukwa;
- kulimbikira kumva kutopa;
- pakamwa mokhazikika, ludzu;
- kukodza pafupipafupi, kuwonjezeka kowopsa kwamkodzo.
Nthawi zambiri, zikamera ndi kukhazikika kwa ma pathologies osiyanasiyana zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga. Odwala omwe ali ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso kunenepa kwambiri kosiyanasiyana kosiyanasiyana amatha kugwidwa ndi izi.
Odwala amakakamizidwa kumwa mankhwala kuti awonjezere zovuta zawo, chifukwa odwala matenda ashuga ndikofunikira. Pali mwayi wambiri wamavuto am'magazi a shuga wokhala ndi cholowa chofufuza, komwe ndiko lingaliro la matenda a metabolic ndi matenda a shuga.
Pamaso pa zinthu izi, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa glucose nthawi zonse. Kusanthula kunyumba kukuwonetsedwa ngati kuli kofunikira, kuwunika kwathunthu kwa thupi, ndi zovuta zotsimikizika za metabolic, pamaso pa pathologies a kapamba.
Mutha kupeza zotsatira zenizeni zosanthula ngati zofunika zina pa phunzirolo zakwaniritsidwa, izi:
- magazi amaperekedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, chakudya chotsiriza sichikhala pasanathe maola 8 musanayambe kusanthula, kumwa madzi oyera okha opanda mpweya;
- masiku angapo asanalembedwe magazi, amasiya mowa ndi kusuta;
- Musanapendeke, musataye chingamu, tsukani mano.
Ndibwino kwambiri ngati mungasiye kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala onse musanayese matenda a glycated hemoglobin a shuga. Komabe, simungachite izi nokha, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa kusanthula
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa hemoglobin ya glycated kuli ndi zabwino komanso zovuta zake. Chifukwa chake, kuwunikaku kumathandizira kukhazikitsa matendawa molondola momwe angathere kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko chake, zimachitika pang'onopang'ono mphindi, sizipereka kukonzekera kwakukulu.
Kuyesedwa kukuwonetsa bwino kukhalapo kwa hyperglycemia, kutalika kwa matendawa, momwe wodwalayo amalamulirira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Komanso, zotsatira zake zimakhala zolondola ngakhale pali zovuta zamavuto, kupsinjika ndi kuzizira. Mutha kupeleka magazi mukamamwa mankhwala ena ake.
Ndikofunikanso kuwonetsa zovuta za njirayi, zimaphatikizapo kukwera mtengo kwa phunzirolo, ngati tiyerekeza ndi kutsimikiza kwa shuga m'magazi m'njira zina. Zotsatira zake zimatha kukhala zolakwika ngati pali kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi la shuga kapena hemoglobinopathy.
Kusanthula kwa hemoglobin ya glycated kungakhale kolakwika ngati wodwala pambuyo pake atenga zochuluka:
- ascorbic acid;
- vitamini E.
Muyenera kudziwa kuti zisonyezo zimachulukanso ngakhale ndi shuga wabwinobwino wamagazi, izi zimachitika ndi mahomoni ambiri a chithokomiro.
Endocrinologists amati ndi mtundu 1 wa shuga, magazi amaperekedwa kwa glycated hemoglobin osachepera kanayi, matenda a shuga a 2 amafunika kuyesedwa pafupifupi kawiri. Odwala ena amatha kuzindikira zambiri, motero amapewa kuyesa mayeso kuti asachite mantha kwambiri komanso kuti asawunike kwambiri. Pakadali pano, mantha otere sadzabweretsa chilichonse chabwino, matendawa apita patsogolo, shuga wamagazi amadzuka mwachangu.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyezetsa magazi mukakhala ndi pakati, ndi hemoglobin yochepetsedwa:
- pali kuchedwa pakukula kwa mwana;
- chizindikirochi chitha kupangitsa kuti mayi athetse pakati.
Monga mukudziwa, kubereka mwana kumafuna kuwonjezereka kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi chitsulo, apo ayi zomwe zili ndi glycated hemoglobin ndizovuta kuzilamulira.
Koma kwa odwala a ana, hemoglobin yayitali imakhalanso yangozi kwa iwo. Komabe, ngakhale chizindikirochi chikupitilira 10%, ndizoletsedwa kuchepetsa msanga, apo ayi kugwa kwakuthwa kudzachepetsa kuona. Amawonetsedwa kusintha kwa glycogemoglobin pang'onopang'ono.
Kanemayo munkhaniyi ayankhula za mawonekedwe a kusanthula kwa hemoglobin wa glycated.
