Matenda a shuga ndi matenda ofala a endocrine system, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulini yomwe imapangidwa ndi kapamba, ndipo amadziwika ndi zovuta zambiri.
Matenda a shuga a Type 1 amadziwika ndi kuyambiratu, ndipo nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa ana aang'ono, achinyamata ndi achinyamata. Ngati matenda amtunduwu apezeka, insulin imalimbikitsa wodwala.
Type 2 shuga mellitus ndi matenda omwe amapezeka makamaka atatha zaka 40. Amadziwika ndi pang'onopang'ono, chifukwa chake, mukazindikira, odwala ali ndi zovuta zingapo.
Ngakhale kufanana kwa mayina, ma ma pathologies awiriwa ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana za chitukuko, zosiyana muzoyambitsa ndi zomwe zimayambitsa. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kudziwa zoyenera kuchita ndi matenda ashuga, komanso momwe mungasinthire moyo wanu?
Zambiri za matenda ashuga
Ndiye muyenera kudziwa chiyani za matenda ashuga? Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba, ndipo amathandizira kuti glucose alowe m'maselo, pomwe amathandizira kuyang'anira kagayidwe kazomwe amapanga mapuloteni.
Mwa munthu wathanzi labwino, kapamba amagwira ntchito mokwanira, amapanga timadzi tambiri tomwe timafunikira, timene timapangitsa shuga kupita m'magazi.
Poyerekeza ndi matenda a shuga, kuperewera kwa m'magazi kumachitika, ndipo glucose sangalowe mu cell, chifukwa chomwe amafunikira kuti achulukane m'magazi. Popeza gwero lalikulu la kupezeka kwake ndi zopangidwa ndi chakudya, shuga wambiri amawona m'magazi patapita nthawi. Chifukwa chake, amatha kuthira mkodzo.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda a shuga, omwe amasiyana mu kagwiridwe ka chitukuko, komabe amatsogolera ku shuga wambiri m'thupi:
- Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga umayamba chifukwa chosowa mahomoni (atha kukhala ochepa kwambiri kapena ayi). Pali kuphwanya magwiridwe antchito a kapamba, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amapangidwa sikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito shuga, ndipo ndende ya glucose imakwera.
- Ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, pali insulin yokwanira mthupi. Muzochitika zingapo, zimatha kukhala zoposa zomwe zimafunikira. Koma zilibe ntchito, popeza minyewa yofewa ya thupi samazindikira.
Zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza matenda ashuga? Ngati wodwalayo ali ndi matenda amtundu umodzi, ndiye kuti amadya komanso zakudya zolimbitsa thupi, njira yovomerezeka yoyendetsera ndikuwongolera kwa insulin, ndipo iyenera kuperekedwa kwa moyo wonse.
Ngati wodwala ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti poyamba dokotalayo amayesa kulimbana ndi mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, kutsimikizira zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi, zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
Kuchiza sikuti ndikuchotsa vutoli, chifukwa izi ndizosatheka.
Cholinga cha mankhwalawa ndikutanthauza kuti magazi asinthidwe monga momwe amafunikira, kusintha moyo wa wodwalayo, komanso kupewa zovuta.
Zoyenera kuchita ndi matenda ashuga?
Odwala ambiri amadabwa chochita ndi matenda ashuga. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuti simuyenera kukhumudwa, chifukwa matendawo si chiganizo. Chithandizo chokwanira chimathandizira kulipirira matendawa, kuti mukhale ndi moyo wabwino komanso wosangalatsa.
Matendawa atha kuwoneka kuti si matenda, koma monga "chopempha" cha thupi limodzi kusintha zakudya ndi zakudya, moyo.
Kuchita kumawonetsa kuti kudzera muzakudya zoyenera komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndizotheka kulipira msanga chithandizo cha matenda a shuga, komanso kupewa zovuta zambiri.
Izi zimafuna kutsatira malangizo osavuta:
- Tsiku lililonse muyenera kuyeza shuga m'magazi, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, patsani thupi ndi mahomoni. Jekeseni wokhala ndi insulin ayenera kukhala nanu nthawi zonse.
- Nthawi zonse kutsatira zakudya zaumoyo. Zonsezi zikuthandizani kuyeza bwino dokotala.
Dziwani kuti adotolo ayenera kumayendera pafupipafupi kuti ayang'anire thanzi lawo, ndikuwongolera njira zochizira ngati pakufunika kutero. Kuphatikiza apo, muyezo wotere umathandizira kuzindikira zovuta zoyambirira pakapita nthawi, ndikuziwachotsa mokwanira momwe zingathekere panthawi yochepa.
Odwala ambiri omwe angokumana ndi matenda ashuga samamvetsetsa kuti matendawa pawokha siowopsa, ndipo zovuta zonse za matendawa zimagona ndendende ndi zovuta zake.
Chifukwa chake, muyenera kukumbukira nthawi zonse kuti kunyalanyaza vutoli kapena kudzichiritsa nokha ndikulakwitsa kosakhululukidwa komwe kumatha kubweretsa mavuto akulu mtsogolo, kuphatikizapo osasintha.
Chochita ndi matenda a shuga 1?
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo ndikubwezeretsa shuga m'thupi la wodwalayo, ndikuletsa kusintha kwake kwadzidzidzi. Tsoka ilo, ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda, insulin siyingagawidwe ndi.
Kupanga kwasayansi kwa mapiritsi a anthu odwala matenda ashuga pakadali pano, koma sanaphunzirebe mokwanira, ndipo izi zili m'tsogolo. Pankhaniyi, insulini kwa odwala ndizofunikira kwambiri, kusakhalapo komwe kumabweretsa zovuta ndi kufa.
Chithandizo chokwanira chimakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino komanso wathunthu, sichimalola kuwonongeka kwa thanzi lanu, chimalepheretsa kukula kwa zovuta.
Ndiye chikuyenera kuchitidwa ndi matenda a shuga 1? Ganizirani ntchito zazikuluzikulu:
- Popeza thupi limafunikira insulin, dokotala amasankha dzina lofunikira la mankhwalawo, amupatsa mankhwala.
- Kutsatira zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zomwe ziyenera kukhala zokwanira.
- Zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi.
Ponena za mankhwala a insulin, wodwalayo ayenera kutsatira mosamalitsa mawu omwe dokotala am'chiritsa. Ndi yemwe amasankha kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe amafunikira m'chifanizo china chachipatala. Chifukwa chake, ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pazokha.
Ngati mavuto abwera, simuyenera kufunafuna mayankho a mafunso anu kuchokera kwa "abwenzi odziwa zambiri", muyenera kukaonana ndi dokotala ndikumufunsa zonse. Makamaka ndimeyi ikukhudzanso odwala omwe alibe "mbiri yamatenda".
Mu mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, chisamaliro chapadera chimaperekedwa kwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi chakudya chamagulu mu chakudya. Popita nthawi, wodwalayo amaphunzira msanga momwe angawerengere kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu, ndipo izi sizimamupweteketsa.
M'pofunika kutsindika kuti kudya ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi la wodwalayo. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuganizira zamavuto onse omwe akukhudzana ndi nthawi ya insulin ndi mlingo wake.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati chakudyacho chili chamafuta ambiri, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa insulin yocheperako kumakulitsidwa molingana ndi malangizo, koma ngati panali zochitika zolimbitsa thupi, ndiye, m'malo mwake, mlingo uyenera kuchepetsedwa.
Zoyenera kuchita ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga?
Type 2 shuga mellitus kwathunthu zimadalira chakudyacho, chifukwa sizikutengera kuchepa kwa timadzi m'thupi la munthu, koma kusakhazikika kwa maselo kwa izo.
Chifukwa chake, njira yayikulu yochizira ndi zakudya zapadera, zomwe zimapangidwa payekhapayekha kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Kuphatikiza apo, zolimbitsa thupi zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zithandizire kukulitsa chidwi cha minyewa kumadzi.
Dziwani kuti mfundozi ziyenera kuonedwa mozama, kutsatira mosamalitsa ku nthawi zonse zoikika, kuti zisapangitse zinthu kukhala zovuta kwambiri.
Mukamakonza menyu yanu, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa magawo a mkate. XE ndi gawo lochulukitsa lomwe limathandiza kuyeza chakudya, komwe XE ndi magalamu 12 a chakudya. Ndipo aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwake kuti asatseke shuga.
Malangizo ofunikira:
- Ndikofunikira kuti thupi lilandire mphamvu zochuluka monga momwe limadyedwera patsiku.
- Imayenera kudyedwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri, mpaka nthawi 7 pa tsiku.
- Zakudya zomwe zili ndi mafuta ochulukirapo (monga phala) zimayenera kudyedwa musanadye nkhomaliro, thupi likakhala ndi ntchito yayikulu.
- Thandizani nyama ndi nsomba zamitundu yamafuta ochepa, muchepetse zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi mchere.
- Pewani zakudya zopanda shuga.
- Njira zazikulu zophikira ndizowiritsa, kuwongolera, kuwotchera.
- Masamba amatha kudyedwa mopanda malire.
Ngati mumatsatira malangizowo, ndiye kuti mutha kulipirira shuga panthawi yochepa.
Tsoka ilo, pali zosiyana zina zilizonse pazotsatira. Zimachitika kuti ngakhale kutsatira maupangiri onse kumatsogolera kuti chithandizo chamatenda sichokwanira. Pankhaniyi, pakufunika kumwa mapiritsi, omwe amathandizira kuti khungu lathu lizitha kudziwa zambiri.
Choyipa chachikulu ndikuyambitsa insulin. Nthawi zambiri, mahomoni amathandizira kuti shuga asinthe, ndipo ndizotheka kukana kwakanthawi.
Koma nthawi zina, jakisoni amakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pa matenda a shuga a mtundu 2.
Zoyenera kuchita ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga?
Ngakhale ndi malingaliro ndi malamulo onse, wodwalayo amatha kuona zovuta zomwe zingathe "kuzunza" wodwalayo. Chovuta chambiri ndi kupweteka m'madera akumunsi.
Zochita zachipatala zimawonetsa kuti kupweteka kwambiri kumachitika mwa odwala okalamba, komanso odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Ngati vuto la ululu limachitika, ndiye izi zikuwonetsa kukula kwa mitsempha ndi angiopathy.
Kutengera ndi ziwerengero, titha kunena kuti pafupifupi 50% ya anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri ya matenda ashuga posachedwa amakumana ndi zovuta izi:
- Neuropathy imadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa minyewa ya mitsempha, yomwe idachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga. Zizindikiro zam'mitsempha sizingathenso kudutsa ulusiwu, motero chidwi cha wodwalayo pamiyendo chimachepa.
- Angiopathy ndikuphwanya kwa capillaries chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha hyperglycemic. Mu minofu yofewa, kusokonezeka kwa magazi kumachitika, komwe kumayambitsa necrosis. Kunyalanyaza kumatha kubweretsa zilonda zam'mimba kapena zilonda zam'mimba.
Zotsatira za ululu ndizowopsa. Chifukwa chake, chinthu choyamba kuchita ndikupita kwa dokotala kukamufufuza ndikusiya kuphwanya magazi mu minofu yofewa.
Khungu la Itchy ndi vuto linanso la matendawa, omwe amayamba chifukwa chophwanya magazi. Udindo wofunikira umaseweredwa ndi glucose, womwe umapezeka pakhungu.
Kuti muchepetse kuyabwa, muyenera kuwunika menyu, kuyerekezera kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi chakudya. Ndizotheka kuti pakufunika kusintha mlingo wa insulin, kuti muchite detoxification.
Ndi chiyani chomwe sichingachitike ndi "matenda okoma"?
Simungathe kudzilimbitsa nokha, kuyesera njira zina zamankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, ena a iwo amapereka chithandizo ndi "njala." Izi ndizoletsedwa, chifukwa thupi liyenera kulandira zonse zomwe zimafunikira.
Sizoletsedwa kudya confectionery, maswiti ndi chokoleti, zakudya zonunkhira, zipatso zotsekemera, ma pickles, zakudya zosuta, zakudya zamafuta zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri azinyama.
Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse shuga lanu la magazi nthawi zonse, kupewa kusintha kwake kwadzidzidzi, popeza iyi ndi njira yolunjika yopanga zovuta.
Ndipo pomaliza, chithandizo chokwanira chimathandizira kusinthitsa shuga wamagazi pamlingo wofunikira, chimasunga mkati moyenera. Koma palibe chifukwa chake muyenera kusiya insulin ndi kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Popeza chithandizo cha matenda a shuga ndichamoyo chonse. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akukamba za zoyamba za matenda ashuga.
