Njira zochokera ku gulu la Biguanide zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kalekale pochiza matenda amtundu wa 2 shuga. Komabe, mankhwalawa ali ndi mavuto ambiri. Kodi izi zikutanthauza kuti metformin ndi yopanda thanzi, chifukwa ndi iye amene amaphatikizira popanga mankhwala ngati amenewa?
Masiku ano, zinthu zatsopano za chinthuchi zikupezeka ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kukukulira mokwanira, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa osati pongogwiritsa ntchito matenda ashuga okha.
Mankhwala Metformin akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kale pofuna kuchiza matenda am'mimba a shuga 2 molumikizana ndi zakudya zomwe dokotala wamupatsa. Zimangolimbikitsa kusintha shuga m'magazi, komanso zimathandizira kuchepetsa kunenepa kwambiri, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli.
Mpaka pano, mawonekedwe ena a mankhwalawo adadziwika. Zakhazikitsidwa zasayansi kuti munthu atha kutenga Metformin kuti akwaniritse zolinga izi:
- Imateteza ubongo ku ukalamba, womwe umalola kuti ugwiritse ntchito prophylactic motsutsana ndi matenda a Alzheimer's.
- Mosangalatsa zimakhudza mitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha. Chifukwa chake, mothandizidwa ndi Metformin, kukula kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha, kulephera kwa mtima, matenda oopsa, kuletsa mtima kwamankhwala kumatha kupewedwa.
- Amachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi khansa.
- Amathandizira kusintha kwa potency mwa abambo, omwe anali opuwala chifukwa cha matenda osiyanasiyana a senile.
- Zimalepheretsa kukula kwa mafupa a anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Makamaka nthawi zambiri, azimayi amakhala ndi vuto la mafupa osaneneka atasiya kusamba, popeza pali kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mahomoni - estrogen.
- Zokhudza bwino chithokomiro cha chithokomiro.
- Ili ndi ntchito yoteteza mokhudzana ndi njira yopumira.
Ngakhale kuti mankhwala ali ndi zabwino zambiri, sizingatheke kunena kuti ndi athanzi ndipo amatha kuchiritsa matenda ambiri. Monga zida zina zamankhwala, Metformin ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha motsogozedwa ndi adokotala, poganizira kuthekera kwa chiwonetsero cha zovuta zake zonse ndi zotsutsana.
Pharmacological zimatha mankhwala
Metformin ndi mankhwala a kalasi ya biguanide omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mochizira matenda a shuga a 2.
Chofunikira chachikulu cha mankhwalawo ndi Metroformin hydrochloride, silicon dioxide, povidone, magnesium stearate, macrogol amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zothandiza.
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu kuchepetsa magazi. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchepa kwa zizindikiro kumachitika osati pambuyo pa chakudya chachikulu, komanso kumakupatsani mwayi kuti muchepetse maziko. Gawo lalikulu la mapiritsi limakupatsirani mwayi wopanga insulin ndi kapamba, yemwe amakhudza thupi ndipo samapangitsa kuti hypoglycemia itukuke. Kuphatikiza apo, zina mwazabwino ndi izi:
- kulowetsedwa kwa hyperinsulinomy;
- amathandizira kuchepetsa thupi;
- amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana ndi mtima;
- bwino zimakhudza kagayidwe kachakudya matenda lipid;
- amachepetsa njira mafuta oxidation;
- amachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa cholesterol;
- amachepetsa chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga;
- amachepetsa triglycerides.
Mankhwalawa amatengedwa pakamwa, pambuyo pake patatha maola awiri kapena atatu ntchito yake yayikulu imayamba kuonekera. Pafupifupi maola asanu ndi limodzi atatha kumwa mankhwalawa, plasma ndende ya metformin imachepa, popeza kuyamwa kwa chinthucho kumatha.
Mukamalandira mankhwalawa pakapita masiku angapo, mutha kuwona kupezeka kwake kosalekeza m'magazi ochepa.
Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa
Mankhwala Metformin amapezeka mu mawonekedwe apiritsi osiyanasiyana. Mankhwalawa atha kugulidwa ku malo azamankhwala azigawo zotsatirazi Mlingo:
- 500 mg yogwira mankhwala piritsi limodzi;
- 850 mg yogwira pophika;
- 1000 mg ya metformin.
Kutengera mlingo wake, malamulo omwera mankhwalawa amadalira. Dziwani kuti ndi madokotala okhawo omwe angalimbikitse kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, kuphatikizapo m'malo mwa mankhwala omwe adamwa kale. Njira ya chithandizo imafotokozedwa mu mankhwala omwe amachokera ku chiwonetsero chachikulu cha matenda ndi mawonekedwe a munthu wodwala. Chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe muyenera kulabadira posankha mlingo ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi ndi gawo la kulemera kwa wodwala.
Mlingo wocheperapo womwe mankhwalawa amayamba ndi 500 mg ya mankhwalawa ndikuwonjezereka kwina. Komanso, muyezo umodzi womwewo sungathe kupitirira chiwerengero chomwe chatchulidwa pamwambapa. Kuti mulekererane bwino mankhwalawo, komanso ngati pali Mlingo wokhazikika, kuchuluka kwake kungagawike pawiri kapena katatu masana. Chifukwa chake, zitha kuteteza kukula kwa zoyipa. Mulingo woyenera wa mankhwalawa sayenera kupitirira 3000 mg yogwira ntchito.
Nthawi zina, mwachitsanzo, kumwa mankhwalawa chifukwa cha prophylactic, mlingo umayenera kuchepetsedwa kawiri kapena katatu.
Kutheka kwakukulu kwa kumwa mankhwalawa kumatheka pambuyo pa milungu iwiri yamankhwala.
Ngati, pazochitika zina, mankhwala adasowa, palibe chifukwa chowalipirira pochulukitsa mlingo wotsatira.
Mukamamwa mankhwalawa, ndikofunikira kuganizira njira yachilengedwe ya kagayidwe kachakudya ndi thanzi labwino.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha lactic acidosis.
Zotsatira zoyipa za kumwa mankhwalawa
Chithandizo ndi chithandizo ndi Metformin ziyenera kuchitika moyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala. Ndizosavomerezeka kumwa mankhwalawa mu Mlingo wopitilira malangizo a dokotala, kapena molumikizana ndi mankhwala ena osankhidwa ndi wodwalayo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kwa Metformin kumatha kuyambitsa zovuta zambiri, zovuta zamavuto a thupi la munthu atseguka.
Zowonetsa zazikulu za mankhwalawa zimaphatikizapo izi:
- zovuta zam'mimba thirakiti, zomwe zimatha kutsagana ndi kuphimbira, kupweteka pamimba kapena kutsekula m'mimba;
- chakudya chosasangalatsa chachitsulo pakamwa chitha kuwonekera mutatha kudya;
- kusanza ndi kusanza
- kusowa kwamagulu ena a mavitamini, makamaka B12, motero, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti pakhale mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala, yomwe imatha kusintha mitundu yonse ya zinthu zofunika mthupi;
- kuwonetsedwa kwa thupi lawo siligwirizana pa chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo;
- mawonekedwe a hypoglycemia;
- kukula kwa lactic acidosis;
- anemia wa meganblastic mu shuga.
Ndipo ngakhale Metformin ikuphatikizidwa ndi gulu la mankhwala otetezeka, muyenera kuwerenga mosamala mawonetsedwe onse oyipa. Mankhwala oterowo amatha kukhala owopsa ngati simutsatira malamulo oyenera kutsata.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi lactic acidosis. Vutoli limayendera limodzi ndi zizindikiro monga kugona kwambiri, kuwonda minofu, kuchepa thupi komanso kuthamanga magazi, komanso kupuma movutikira. Ndi kukula kwa matenda oterewa, wodwala amafunikira kuchipatala mwachangu.
Lactic acidosis ndi imodzi mwazotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri.
Kodi milandu ndi yoletsedwa liti?
Mankhwala Metformin ali ndi mndandanda wofunikira wa zotsutsana ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwake.
Chifukwa chake, musanayambe maphunziro, muyenera kuwerenga malangizo mosamala. Zotsatira zoyipa zilizonse zikachitika, muyenera kulumikizana ndi dokotala ndikufotokozeranso zina zomwe mungachite pomwa mankhwalawo.
Ndi zoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pamaso pa zinthu ndi matenda:
- zochizira mtundu 1 matenda a shuga, odwala insulin;
- kukula kwa ketoacidosis, chikomokere kapena kholo la mtundu wa matenda ashuga;
- zovuta za pathological mu impso kapena chiwindi, komanso pamaso pa kusakwanira kwawo;
- matenda ena a kupuma thirakiti, komanso ngati mukuvuta kupuma;
- matenda a mtima dongosolo, mtima kulephera kapena myocardial infarction;
- chitukuko cha matenda oyambitsidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana;
- opaleshoni yaposachedwa komanso kuvulala;
- mawa ndipo nditatha kuyesa kofufuza, izi zimaphatikizapo kuwunika kwa radiology kapena radioisotropic, popeza wogwiritsa ntchito iodine amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- lactic acidosis;
- tsankho kapena hypersensitivity ku chimodzi kapena zingapo za mankhwala;
- pamaso pa kusowa kwamadzi;
- uchidakwa wosalekeza kapena uchidakwa wokhazikika.
Atsikana ndi amayi oyembekezera panthawi yotsala amaletsedwa kutenga Metformin, chifukwa mavuto osiyanasiyana ndi kukhazikika kwa mwana wosabadwayo angachitike. Ndi kufunikira kwakanthawi kwamankhwala, mkazi ayenera kusiya kuyamwitsa.
Kuphatikiza apo, ana osakwana zaka khumi ndi zisanu ali pachiwopsezo.
Mankhwala a Metformin
Ndemanga za odwala zimawonetsa zabwino zomwe chithandizo cha Metformin chimabweretsa. Mtengo wake wapakati m'gawo la Russian Federation ukhoza kukhala kuchokera ku ma ruble 170 mpaka 260.
Ngati ndi kotheka, dokotala yemwe amapezekapo akhoza kusintha mankhwala ena ndi omwewo kapena mawonekedwe omwewo. Mpaka pano, msika wama pharmacological umapereka fanizo zotsatirazi za mankhwala a Metformin, omwe, malinga ndi ndemanga, amakhalanso ndi zotsatirapo zabwino:
- Glucophage - mapiritsi ochepetsera shuga omwe amapezeka mosiyanasiyana. Chofunikira chachikulu ndi metformin hydrochloride. Imathandizira kusintha magazi m'magazi popanda kuyambitsa hypoglycemia. Gawo lamitengo yamapiritsi oterowo, monga lamulo, sapitilira ma ruble 200.
- Bagomet - mankhwala, omwe amapanga zinthu ziwiri nthawi imodzi - metformin ndi glibenclamide. Ichi ndi chophatikizira chomwe chimaphatikiza zomwe zimapangidwa ndi Biguanides ndi zotumphukira za sulfonylurea. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchiza matenda a shuga 2. Mtengo wapakati wa mankhwalawo ndi ma ruble 210-240.
- Siofor ndi mankhwala ochokera ku gulu la Biguanide, omwe ndi chithunzi chonse cha mapiritsi a Metformin. Mtengo wake wapakati pamasitolo azitawuni amatha kukhala 250 mpaka 350 rubles.
- Sofamet - mapiritsi ochokera ku gulu la dimethylbiguanides, omwe amapezeka osiyanasiyana. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwira, mtengo wa mankhwalawo umakhazikitsidwa. Monga lamulo, mtengo wa Sofamed m'magawo osiyanasiyana amzindawu sapitilira ma ruble 130;
- Nova Met.
Mpaka pano, kuchuluka kwa ma analogi kapena kutengera mawu ndi zambiri. Onsewa, monga lamulo, ali ndi zofanana kapena zofanana, koma amasiyana makampani opanga, mtengo, dzina. Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri azachipatala amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamankhwala zomwe zili, kuphatikiza pazogwira ntchito, kuchuluka kochepa kwa zida zothandizira.
Zambiri pa Metformin zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
