Glucose ndi gwero lamphamvu lomwe limapereka ntchito zofunikira m'maselo a thupi. Kuchokera ku shuga, kudzera mu njira zovuta kuzinthu zambiri, zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira moyo zimapangidwa. Glucose amagulitsa m'chiwindi monga glycogen, yotulutsidwa pakamapezeka michere.
Zamoyo zathupi la shuga la magazi zimasiyana malinga ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Izi zimatha kukhala nkhawa, nthawi yatsiku, zolimbitsa thupi, zaka komanso kudya.
Mlingo wa glycemia mwa munthu wathanzi umayendetsedwa malinga ndi zosowa zake. Mu makina ovuta awa, gawo lalikulu limaperekedwa kwa insulin yopangidwa ndi kapamba. Ngati ntchito ya lida yasokonekera, vuto limayamba mu kagayidwe kachakudya, kamene kamayambitsa kukula kwa matenda osokoneza bongo.
Kuti mupewe kuphwanyaphwanya kotere, muyenera kudziwa mtundu wa shuga m'magazi musanadye komanso pambuyo poti mudya. Komanso, izi ndizofunikira osati kokha kwa munthu wathanzi, komanso kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu mu chakudya.
Mwazi wamagazi mukatha kudya
Mwa anthu omwe alibe matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kuwonjezeka ndikatha kudya. Izi ndichifukwa chopanga shuga kuchokera ku zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zimachokera pakudya. Amapereka mphamvu zosasunthika, zomwe ndizofunikira pantchito yathunthu ya thupi lonse.
Koma glycemia imatha kukhudzidwa ndi vuto la metabolism ya carbohydrate. Komabe, nthawi zambiri chizindikiro cha shuga m'magazi sichisintha kwambiri, ndipo zimasintha msanga.
Mlingo wabwinobwino wa shuga mwa munthu wathanzi umachokera ku 3.2 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L. Zizindikiro izi zimayezedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kutengera zaka, amatha kusiyanasiyana:
- mpaka zaka 14 - 2.8-5.6 mmol / l;
- chikhalidwe cha shuga m'magazi amuna asanakhale ndi zaka 50 ndi 4.1-5.9 mmol / l;
- wamkulu kuposa zaka 60 - 4.6-6.4 mmol / l.
Zosafunikira kwenikweni ndi zaka za ana. Kwa mwana mpaka chaka, Zizindikiro ndi 2.8-4.4, mpaka zaka 14 - 3.3-5.6 mmol / l.
Ola limodzi mutatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa glycemic sikuyenera kupitirira 5.4 mmol / L. Nthawi zambiri mwa munthu wathanzi, zotsatira za kafukufuku zimachokera ku 3.8-5.2 mmol / L. Pambuyo pa maola 1-2 mutatha kudya, kuchuluka kwa glucose kumatha kukwera mpaka 4,6 mmol / L.
Ndipo kuchuluka kwa glycemia mwa amayi apakati kuyenera kukhala kotani? Mulingo wa shuga wamagazi mwa akazi omwe ali ndi udindo ndi 3.3-6.6 mmol / l. Ngati glucose okhutira panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati akukula nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti titha kulankhula zamtundu wa shuga.
Chofunikanso ndi kuthekera kwa thupi kuyamwa glucose. Chifukwa chake, aliyense ayenera kudziwa momwe shuga amasinthira mukatha kudya tsiku lonse:
- usiku kuyambira 2 mpaka 4 maola - oposa 3.9 mmol / l;
- musanadye kadzutsa - 3.9-5.8;
- asanadye - - 3.9-6.1;
- asanadye - - 3.9-6.1.
Amakhulupirira kuti atatha kudya, shuga m'magazi amakhudzidwa ndikudya zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo. Akaphwanya, pamakhala kuchuluka kwa shuga mpaka 6.4-6.8 mmol / L. Ngakhale kuti kuphatikiza kwa glucose panthawiyi kumatha kuwonjezeka pafupifupi kawiri, zizindikirozo zimatha kukhala zofanana mwachangu kwambiri.
Kodi ndi shuga wanji amene amawonedwa wabwinobwino mwa amayi pambuyo pa 50? Ndi zaka, ziwonetsero zofooka zogonana za glycemia zimakula pang'onopang'ono. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mahomoni komanso kusamba kwa kusintha kwa thupi. Chifukwa chake, magazi a capillary azimayi omwe adapulumuka msambo ndi 3.8-5.9 mmol / l, ndipo venous - 4.1-6.3 mmol / l.
Kodi ndi shuga wanji yemwe amamwa chakudya? Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda otere, miyezoyi imachokera pa 7 mpaka 8 mmol / L.
Komanso, mukamayeza zizindikiro za glycemic mukatha kudya, prediabetes imatha kupezeka. Kukhalapo kwa boma loteroko kukuwonetsedwa ndi zotsatira kuchokera pa 7.7 mpaka 11 mmol / L.
Ndi shuga yemwe amadalira insulin, shuga m'magazi atatha kudya amatha kukwera 11.1 mmol / L.
Kodi glycemia amayeza bwanji?
Dziwani kuchuluka kwa shuga omwe ali m'magazi komanso zomwe zingakhale zake, ngati mungapereke magazi a shuga kuchipatala chilichonse. Mwa izi, njira zitatu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: orthotoluidine, ferricyanide, gluidose oxidase.
Njirazi ndi zosavuta koma zothandiza kwambiri. Zimakhazikitsidwa ndimomwe zimapangidwira ndimagazi. Zotsatira zake, yankho limapangidwa, lomwe limayesedwa pa zida zapadera, kuwongola kwa mtundu wake kuwululidwa, ndikuti izi ndizowonetsa zochulukirapo.
Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsedwa mg mg pa 100 ml kapena magawo a zinthu zosungunuka - mmoles pa lita. Kusintha mamiligalamu kukhala mmol / L, chiwerengerochi chikuchulukitsidwa ndi 0.0555. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti shuga akamadya mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira ya Hagedorn-Jensen ndi apamwamba kuposa njira zina.
Pali malamulo angapo otenga magazi a shuga:
- biomaterial imachotsedwa chala kapena mtsempha mpaka 11:00 pamimba yopanda kanthu;
- Maola 8-12 asanakumane ndi mayeso;
- kumwa mowa saloledwa, madzi okha.
Magazi a venous akapimidwa, chiwopsezo chololedwa chitha kufika pa 12%. Izi ndizabwinobwino ngati mulingo wa glycemia m'mapilillaries uchoka pa 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L, ndipo mu Vienna shuga 6, koma osapitirira 7 mmol / L.
Mukamamwa magazi onse a capillary ndi venous, mumasiyana maulangizi. Ngati shuga ali 10 kapena kuposerapo, ndipo m'mawa musanadye, ndi oposa 7 mmol pa lita imodzi, izi zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda ashuga.
Ndi zotsatira zokayikitsa, ngati palibe zizindikiro zoopsa, koma zopatsa mphamvu zilipo, kuyesa kwa glucose kumachitika. Chomwe chimatsimikizira izi:
- magazi osala kudya amatengedwa kuti akafufuze;
- ndiye kumwa yankho la shuga (75 g);
- pambuyo pa mphindi 30, 60 ndi 120, muyeso wobwereza wa shuga umachitika.
Pa phunziroli, ndizoletsedwa kumwa madzi, kusuta, kudya ndi kupsinjika. Zotsatira zoyesedwa zimamasuliridwa motere: zomwe zimakhala m'magulu musanayambe madzi kuti zikhale zabwinobwino kapena zochepa.
Pankhani ya kulolerana kwa shuga, mayankho a maphunziro apakatikati m'magazi ndi 11.1 mmol / l, ndipo m'magazi a venous 9-10 mmol pa lita. Nthawi zambiri, shuga wambiri amakhalanso kwa maola ena awiri pambuyo phunziroli, zomwe zimawonetsa kuti shuga siyakudya.
Kuti muyeze mayeso amtundu wa glycemia, muyenera kupeza glucometer. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito motere: cholembera chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito kubaya khungu, ikani singano ndikusankha kuya kwa kupumira.
Mutayatsa chida, chidziwitso chikawonekera pazenera kuti chakonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito, khungu lomwe limamwetsedwa ndi mowa limatsitsidwa. Kenako, dontho la magazi limayikidwa pa mzere.
Pakapita kanthawi, chipangizocho chimapereka zotsatira zolondola. Mtundu woyamba wa shuga, gluceter amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka 4 pa tsiku. Ndi nthenda yodziyimira payokha ya insulin, ndimayetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kawiri patsiku (shuga amawayeza mutatha kudya musanayambe kumwa).
Ndi glycemia yosalamulirika, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikuwunika shuga katatu tsiku lililonse pafupipafupi:
- pamaso chakudya;
- mutatha kudya pambuyo pa mphindi 120;
- pambuyo maola 5;
- pamimba yopanda kanthu;
- m'mawa ndi usiku.
Zizindikiro zikafika zachilendo, pafupipafupi miyeso imasinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin kapena pakamwa makonzedwe a hypoglycemic othandizira. Koma chochita ndi matenda a hyperglycemia ndi hypoglycemia ndi chiyani? Ndipo maiko awa amadziwika ndi chiyani?
Chifukwa chiyani hyperglycemia ndi hypoglycemia zimachitika mutatha kudya ndipo zimawoneka bwanji?
Masewera a shuga a m'magazi atatha kudya sakhazikika, izi zimawonetsa matenda a hyperglycemia. Ngati shuga atakwera, zizindikiro monga ludzu, polydipsia, ndi pakamwa lowuma zimachitika.
Atadwala matenda ashuga kwambiri, wodwalayo akuwonjezerekanso ndipo akumayamba kusanza, kusanza, chizungulire, ndi kufooka. Nthawi zina munthu amasiya kugona ndipo amagwa. Ngati njira zochiritsira nthawi yake sizinatengedwe, ndiye kuti zakupha nzotheka.
Mkulu wa glucose akamakwera, zotsatira zina zimayamba, mwachitsanzo, kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, chifukwa cha zomwe thupi limayamba kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Njira zamatsenga zimasokonekera, chifukwa chomwe munthu akukulira msanga.
Zovuta zina za shuga wambiri ndi:
- kuwola kwa mano;
- Kukula msanga kwa matenda oyamba ndi fungus, makamaka m'thupi la mkazi;
- toxosis yoopsa pa nthawi yapakati;
- Kukula kwa matenda a ndulu;
- chiopsezo chachikulu cha eczema mwa ana;
- appendicitis.
Mukatha kudya, kutsekemera kwa glucose sikung kuwonjezera, komanso kugwa. Kupezeka kwa hypoglycemia kumalimbikitsidwa ndi njala komanso matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amachititsa kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi.
Zizindikiro za dziko la hypoglycemic - kunjenjemera, khungu, khungu, nseru, nkhawa, kusowa kwa chidwi, palpitations, mantha. Kugwa kovuta kwa shuga kumadziwika ndi chizungulire, kupenyerera komanso kuwoneka, mutu, kusokonezeka, kukokana, mantha, malaise, ndi chisokonezo.
Chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe shuga imatsikira ndizakudya zopanda thanzi, pomwe zakudya zamtengo wotsika pang'ono ndizambiri mu zakudya. Chifukwa chake, kuti glycemia isinthe, ndikofunikira kudya zakudya zopatsa mphamvu (zipatso zotsekemera, chokoleti chamdima) ndikubwerezanso zakudya zanu mtsogolomo.
Komanso, mukamawerenga kuchuluka kwa glycemia pambuyo pa mphindi 60 mutatha kudya ndi ochepera 2.8 mmol / l, ndipo mwa azimayi - 2.2 mmol / l - izi zikuwonetsa insulin, yomwe ndi kapangidwe kake kamene kamayamba ndi insulin yowonjezereka. Pankhaniyi, kuyesedwa kowonjezereka ndikofunikira, kuphatikiza maphunziro kuti mupeze chotupacho.
Koma hypoglycemia atatha kudya ndizosowa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, makamaka ndi matenda ashuga, munthu amakhala ndi hyperglycemia.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungaimire izi munthawi yake komanso kupewa zomwe zingawononge moyo wanu.
Zoyenera kuchita ndi shuga wambiri mutatha kudya?
Musanachepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga, muyenera kufunsa dokotala. Zowonadi, pankhani iyi ndikofunikira kuganizira mawonekedwe a chamoyo, momwe zimakhalira, zotsatira zoyesa ndi zina zambiri.
Ndi kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi komanso kwamphamvu kwa shuga mumtsinje wamagazi, njira zotsatirazi zikuthandizira - kumwa mankhwala ndi mankhwala azitsamba (zitsamba, zipatso, chimanga) zomwe zimayendetsa glycemia, insulin ndi mankhwala othandizira. Kukana kusiya zosokoneza bongo (kusuta, mowa) kudzathandizanso kuti shuga akhale m'thupi mwake pakapita nthawi.
Kodi kudya hyperglycemia ndikofunikira bwanji? Anthu athanzi omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino, kuphatikiza odwala omwe ali ndi prediabetes komanso shuga yofatsa, amatha kusintha thanzi lawo ngakhale osamwa mankhwala.
Zakudya zomwe zimawonedwa kuti ndizothandiza anthu onse zimapindulitsanso odwala matenda ashuga. Ambiri aiwo ali ndi chisonyezo chotsika cha glycemic, amadzimbidwa kwa nthawi yayitali mthupi, osapangitsa kudumpha kwa insulin.
Chifukwa chake, ndi shuga wambiri ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zophika buledi kuchokera ku ufa wa premium. Mikate yonse ya tirigu ndi fiber zimakonda. Zakudya zotere sizimayambitsa kukwera kwakukula kwa glucose wamagazi ndipo zimayikiridwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kodi mungadye zakudya zochuluka bwanji nthawi imodzi? Muyenera kudya pafupipafupi, m'magawo ang'onoang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, chakudya chochepa sichofunikira kwa odwala matenda ashuga okha, komanso kwa munthu wathanzi. Kupanda kutero, adzakhala pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga.
Ndipo kuti muwonjezere nthawi pakati pa kudya, chifukwa zakudya zazing'ono zomwe zimapangidwa pafupipafupi zimapangitsa kuti insulini itheke komanso kukwera kwambiri kwa shuga, muyenera kupatsa thanzi zakudya zomanga thupi ndi mapuloteni. Amakhutitsa thupi kwanthawi yayitali komanso amakwaniritsa bwino njala.
Ndi hyperglycemia, masamba ndi zipatso zomwe zimakhala ndi michere, michere ndi mavitamini ayenera kumamwa tsiku lililonse. Amaloledwa kudya zakudya za asidi acid 2 patsiku, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga azikhala mwamtundu wanthawi zonse.
Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, timadzi tokonzedwa tatsopano kuchokera ku beets wofiira ndi mbatata ndizothandiza kwambiri. Zakumwa zimalimbikitsidwa kumwa m'mawa uliwonse kuchuluka kwa milliliters 70-100. Ndipo misuzi yazipatso imakhala bwino ndikamadya apulo wobiriwira komanso lalanje.
Zakudya zina zimayambitsa hyperglycemia. Zakudya zotere zimakhudza shuga m'magazi ngakhale maola 8 atatha kudya. Ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha hyperglycemia m'zakudya, sipamayenera kukhala shuga komanso:
- mpunga woyera;
- nyama zamafuta;
- zipatso zouma (ma apricots owuma, nkhuyu, madeti);
- masoseji;
- nthochi.
Njira zochizira hyperglycemia
Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, tikulimbikitsidwa kumwa kulowetsedwa kwa masamba a bay. Amakonzekera motere: Masamba 8 amathira 500 ml ya madzi otentha ndikuumirira maola 6. Amamwa asanadye kwambiri mu 50 ml nthawi imodzi katatu patsiku.
Ndi cholinga chomwecho, tengani decoction wa hawthorn wa matenda ashuga. Kuphatikiza apo, zipatsozo zimatha kukololedwa palokha. Zipatso zimaphatikizidwa kwa tiyi kapena kupangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo. Mowa wokhala ndi hawthorn sikuti umangotithandizanso kugwira ntchito, komanso umathandizira pakukakamizidwa, mtima wam'mimba komanso mtima.
Ndi shuga wambiri, ndikofunikira kumwa tiyi wazitsamba ndi mankhwala. Chithandizo cha mankhwala cha antiglycemic ndi chicory. Muli ndi insulin yachilengedwe, yomwe imakhala yofunika kwa anthu ambiri odwala matenda ashuga, komanso imawonjezera mphamvu yamatenda ndikuyambitsa magazi.
Zithandizo zina zachikhalidwe zomwe zimachepetsa shuga mwachilengedwe:
- madzi a burdock ndi decoction kuchokera pamizu ya mbewu;
- kulowetsedwa kwa masamba a nyemba (okonzeka ngati msuzi wa laurel);
- decoction wa mtedza magawo;
- kulowetsedwa kwa masamba a sitiroberi;
- decoctions wa nettle, chowawa, chomera cha St.
Mu matenda a shuga, ndikofunika kumwa kulowetsedwa kwa mabuliberiya, okhala ndi glycosides ndi ma tannins. Kuti akonze mankhwalawo, chomera chophwanyidwacho (1 tsp) chimathiridwa ndi 250 ml ya madzi otentha, chokakamizidwa kwa theka la ola ndikusefa. Mankhwalawa amatengedwa katatu patsiku chikho 1/3.
Ngati zalephera mu kagayidwe kachakudya, timalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito nkhaka zatsopano, zomwe zimakhala ndi insulin mwachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, masamba obiriwira amachepetsa chilako, osakulolani kuti mupeze mapaundi owonjezera.
Zambiri pa glycemia wabwinobwino zimaperekedwa kanema munkhaniyi.
