Mwazi wamagazi kwambiri ndi chizindikiro chachipatala chomwe chimawonetsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga. Ndichizolowezi kusiyanitsa madigiri angapo azovuta zakuthambo - akhoza kuwonjezeka pang'ono pa shuga, kuzungulira kwadzaoneni komanso vuto lalikulu la hyperglycemia. Masewera a glucose akatuluka kukhala 16 mmol / L kapena kuposerapo, wodwalayo angagwe.
Odwala amayenera kuwunika thanzi lawo, popeza chifukwa chokhala ndi vuto lalitali la hyperglycemia pamakhala chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, mitsempha yamagazi, ndi mikhalidwe ina yoopsa. Kuti mupewe zovuta zoterezi, ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala.
Mndandanda wazizindikiro zakunja kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi umaphatikizapo: matenda a kutopa kwambiri, kumangokhala ndi ludzu, kusintha kwamphamvu kwakanthawi, ponseponse mpaka pansi.
Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi a shuga kumawonekera mwa kukodza pafupipafupi, ziwalo zowuma mucous, khungu, kusowa kwamaso, mawonekedwe a malo okhala ndi minofu, ndi arrhythmia.
Matenda a shuga nthawi zonse amapereka shuga wambiri, nthawi yayitali imakhalapo:
- kufooka chitetezo chokwanira;
- machiritso a bala
- kupuma kwamphamvu kumadziwika.
Mitundu yovuta ya shuga imayendera limodzi ndi kusowa kwamadzi, kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone m'magazi, kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima, makamaka pamavuto kwambiri.
Muyenera kudziwa kuti zizindikiritso za shuga wambiri zomwe zimawerengedwa sizizindikiro za matenda a shuga, chifukwa chake mukufunikabe kuyesedwa kuti mupeze zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka. Choyipa chimakhala kupsinjika, mapangidwe osangalatsa opanga kugona komanso kugona, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Nthawi yapakati, shuga wambiri mwa munthu wamkulu amaphatikizidwa ndi kusintha kwa mahomoni, mtundu uwu wa matenda umatchedwa matenda a shuga. Ngati simukuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi, pali mwayi wopweteketsa mwana wosabadwa ndi thupi la amayi omwe. Zikatero, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita zovuta mankhwala ndi kuvomerezedwa kuganizira kwa thupi.
Njira Zodziwitsira
Pambuyo pakuwunika mozama, adotolo akuvomereza kuti wodwalayo apeze njira zingapo zodziwira matenda zomwe cholinga chake chizindikire zomwe zikuchitika mthupi lanu. Hyperglycemia ikapezeka yofatsa, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa kuti ikugwiritsa ntchito glucometer yonyamula. Pankhaniyi, simungachite popanda kupititsa mayeso oyenera.
Choyamba, kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa shuga, amapereka magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu, njira yotchuka iyi imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa glucose popanda zinthu zina zochepetsera. Zachilengedwe zimaperekedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, maola 12 musanayambe kuphunzira, muyenera kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya, yesetsani kuchepetsa masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kumwa mankhwala.
Pamene matenda oyambirirawo akuwonetsa kupatuka panjira yovomerezeka, dokotalayo amamuwuza kuti awonjezere maphunziro ena. Chimodzi mwazinthuzi ndi njira yolemetsa, imachitika mu chipatala chozungulira kapena chotsatira. M'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu amatenga magazi malinga ndi njira yomwe takambirana pamwambapa, ndiye kuti shuga amayenera kuperekedwa. Pakupita maola angapo, kuyezetsa magazi mobwerezabwereza kumachitika. Ngati zotsatira zachiwiri zidapitilira, ma 11 mmol / L akuwonetsa hyperglycemia.
Pali njira ina - kumveketsa kuchepetsa, kupereka magazi, poganizira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina:
- creatinine;
- uric acid;
- ergonin.
Kusanthula kumathandizira kumveketsa shuga wamagazi, kupanga matenda omaliza, kuzindikira kukhalapo kwa zovuta zathanzi, monga kuwonongeka kwa impso.
Kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi ndi chizindikiro chokhacho chomwe chikuwonetsa kusayenda bwino mthupi. Komabe, izi sizimapatula mwayi woti pakhale zovuta zowopsa, zovuta kwambiri zomwe zimakhala ketoacidosis.
Mu diabetesic ketoacidosis, pali kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya, kuwonjezeka kwa matupi a ketone m'magazi. Nthawi zambiri mwa akulu, izi zimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda ashuga panthawi ya kuwola. Kenako ketonuria, kuchepa madzi m'thupi, arrhythmia, kulephera kupuma, kupita patsogolo kwamatenda opatsirana opatsirana kumayamba.
Nthawi zina, pamene chithandizo chachipatala chanyalanyazidwa, chikomokere cha hyperglycemic chikukula, kuchuluka kwa acidity kumagwera pamakhalidwe osavomerezeka, ndipo wodwala amakumana ndi matenda a chipatala.
Zizindikiro mwa akazi ndizofanana ndi amuna, zaka sizimakhudzanso mawonetsedwe a matenda amisala.
Momwe mungachepetse shuga?
Kodi ndi shuga uti wamagazi womwe amamuwona ngati wokwera? Ngati shuga yothamanga ili pamwamba pa mulingo wa 5.5 mmol / l, ndipo shuga mutatha kudya ndi 7.8 mmol / l (chisonyezo chapamwamba kwambiri). Ndi matenda ashuga, chithandizo chimalimbikitsa kuthetsa hyperglycemia, kuchotsa zomwe zimayambitsa shuga wambiri. Mitengo ya shuga kwa amayi ndi abambo ndi yomweyo.
Zochizira, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, jakisoni wa insulin akuwonetsedwa. Jakisoni mwachindunji wa insulin iyenera kukhala yodziwikiratu, boma la precomatose limaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito wothandizira wa ultrashort posachedwa, awa akukonzekera Humulin, Humalog.
Mtundu woyamba wa shuga, mapiritsi amayikidwa kuti achepetse shuga m'magazi, nthawi zambiri awa amakhala mankhwala omwe amakhala ndi phenylalanine amino acid, sensitizer, benzoic acid, ndipo amatha kukhala ndi sulfonylurea. Kuphatikiza apo, chakumwa chochulukirapo ndichofunika, chokhala ndi vuto lalikulu la hyperglycemia, njira yofooka ya soda yophika imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mitundu yofatsa ya kusokonezeka kwa metabolic imaphatikizapo zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi, komanso kudya kwamagulu olimbitsa thupi. Ngakhale shuga wambiri kwambiri amatha kutsitsidwa chifukwa cha zakudya.
Popeza kusintha kosalekeza pamlingo wama glucose ochulukirapo milandu kumakhala chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga, kuchira sikuchitika popanda kudya moyenera. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusamalitsa menyu mukazindikira mtundu wa shuga. Zoyenera Kuchita:
- calorie bwino;
- kuchotsedwa kwa chakudya cham'mimba mosavuta;
- kusintha kwa mapuloteni, mafuta.
Ndikofunikira kuti zakudya zizisinthidwa, kenako zizindikilo za shuga zochuluka zimachoka nthawi yochepa. Ndikofunikira kusankha zinthu zokhala ndi index yochepetsedwa ya glycemic, izi sizipangitsa kuti glycemia iwonjezeke, osachulukitsa zizindikiro za matendawa.
Ngati shuga ndiwambiri, anthu amadya zam'nyanja, soya, bowa, masamba atsopano, zipatso, ndi zitsamba. Zakudya zimakhala chinthu chachikulu pakusinthira mtundu wa moyo, zimagwira ntchito yayikulu pakuchiza matendawa, ndikuthandizira kukwaniritsa chindapusa cha matenda a metabolic.
Ndi shuga wambiri, munthu ayenera kukhala ndi lingaliro la magawo a mkate, ali ofanana ndi 10 g wamafuta. Matebulo apadera amathandizira anthu omwe ali ndi hyperglycemia, amawonetsa magawo a mkate pazakudya zonse zamakono, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mu chakudya chamunthu.
Posankha mtundu wazogulitsa zamasiku onse, ndikofunikira kupatula:
- mafuta oyeretsedwa;
- mafuta oyenga;
- maswiti;
- shuga yoyera;
- durum tirigu pasitala.
Amawonetsedwa kupatula mafuta onunkhira, kubetcha pazinthu zamafuta okhala ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri, muyenera kukumbukira kuchuluka kwamafuta acid.
Magazi a shuga amachepa ngati mumadya pang'ono, zowononga kalori tsiku ndi tsiku muzakudya zingapo zingapo komanso zingapo. Pafupifupi, odwala matenda ashuga amalangizidwa kuti adye zopatsa mphamvu zopitilira 2,000 patsiku, ngati hyperglycemia siili yovuta.
Madokotala ena amatsutsa mwamphamvu kugwiritsa ntchito m'malo mwa shuga omwe ndi otchuka m'nthawi yathu, kotero mwayi wofuna kugwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera kuti muchepetse kudya kwa calorie uyenera kukambirana payekha.
Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala uti?
Ngati shuga wambiri ndi zizindikiro mwa munthu wamkulu wayamba mosayembekezereka, ayenera kupita kuchipatala. Dokotala kapena dokotala wa mabanja amatha kudziwa matenda ashuga, nthawi zambiri matendawa amapezeka mwangozi mukamayesedwa pafupipafupi.
Ndi matenda a shuga, othandizira samapereka chithandizo, munthu ayenera kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist. Adzapereka chitsogozo chodutsa mayeso, kumufunsa mafunso ndi kumuyesa wowona. Amapereka magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu, ngati kuli kotheka, amatenga zinthuzo akangodya.
Pamene matenda atabweretsa zovuta ku ziwalo zina zamkati, kufunsira kowonjezereka kwa dokotala wazotupa kwapadera kumasonyezedwa: a ophthalmologist, neuropathologist, cardiologist ndi opaleshoni ya mtima.
Malingaliro a madokotala amathandiza endocrinologist kudziwa zoyenera kuchita, zomwe zinachitika ndi zomwe hyperglycemia ikuwopseza ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Mankhwala amathandizira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito mokwanira.
Madokotala endocrinologists amachitira mtundu 1 ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga, matenda ena okhudzana ndi kusokonezeka kwa metabolic m'thupi:
- hypothyroidism;
- oncology ya ziwalo za endocrine;
- kunenepa
- kusintha kwa mahomoni;
- matenda a mafupa;
- Goiter;
- kunenepa
Popeza kuchuluka kwa ma pathologies sangathe kuthandizidwa ndi dokotala m'modzi yekha, endocrinology nthawi zambiri imagawidwa padera. Dokotala wothandizira wa endocrinologist akukhudzidwa ndi vuto la matenda a shuga, zovuta zake monga zilonda zam'mimba. Amathandizira opaleshoni odwala.
Ngati pali shuga wambiri mwa amuna ndi akazi omwe ali ndi vuto la kumaliseche, kubereka, ayenera kulumikizana ndi endocrinologist-gynecologist. Katswiri wa majini amayenera kuwunika mavuto obadwa nawo, mu luso lake osati matenda a shuga okha, komanso kukula kwakukulu kapena kocheperako.
Dokotala wa matenda ashuga amasankha zakudya zopatsa thanzi, katswiri wa chithokomiro amatenga nawo mbali pofufuza komanso kuchiza matenda a chithokomiro.
Thandizo loyamba la shuga wambiri
Mwazi wamagazi mukamakula, ndiye kuchepa kwa insulini, popeza kuti shuga sagwira bwino, khungu limafa. Kupitilira apo, kukhathamiritsa kosakwanira kwamafuta acids kumachitika, matupi a ketone amadziunjikira m'magazi, potero amaphwanya kagayidwe. Ntchito yamanjenje ndi mtima imakhudzanso, imodzi mwa magawo a acidosis imayamba: zolimbitsa, zowawa, chikomokere.
Mwa anthu, mikhalidwe imeneyi imawonekera mosiyanasiyana, ndikofunikira kuphunzira kuzizindikira munthawi yake ndikuchita zinthu. Kumayambiriro kwa acidosis, zizindikiro za shuga zapamwamba zimawonetsedwa ndi kufooka m'thupi, kutopa, tinnitus. Wodwalayo amanunkhiza koyipa kuchokera kumkamwa wam'mimba, m'mimba zimapweteka, kukodza kumakhala kofupika, glucose amakwera mpaka kufika pa 19 mmol / l.
Mkhalidwe wa precomatose umawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro: kunyansidwa pafupipafupi, kusanza, chikumbumtima chosavomerezeka, masomphenya. Nthawi yomweyo, kupuma kumafulumira, kupuma koyipa kumakulirakulira, m'miyendo ya matenda ashuga imayamba kuzizira. Wodwala amatha kumva bwino kwambiri kwa tsiku lopitilira, kuchuluka kwa shuga sikumachepa, chikomokere cha matenda ashuga chimayamba, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi zingakhale zachisoni.
Ngati shuga wambiri ndiwambiri, ndichite chiyani? Ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe zochita zothandizira anthu oyamba zimathandizira, chifukwa chake ndizofunikira:
- kuyeza milingo ya shuga;
- kuyang'anira insulin;
- perekani zakumwa zambiri.
Mafuta a shuga akaposa 14 mmol / l, ndi mtundu woyamba wa shuga ndikofunikira jekeseni insulin, kenako kuyeza glucose pafupipafupi. Insulin imalowetsedwa mpaka mawonekedwe atakhazikika, koma samalola kutsika mofulumira kwa zizindikiro.
Ngati njira zolimbana ndi shuga wambiri sizikugwira ntchito, kugonekedwa kuchipatala kwasonyezedwa. Dongosolo la matenda ashuga ketoacidosis angayambitse kupuma, chifuwa cha oxygen chofunikira. Kuti muchotse acetone, m'mimba mumatsukidwa ndi yankho lochepera la sodium (sodium bicarbonate).
Ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, mutha kuchepetsa acidity ya thupi, shuga wamagazi sangakhale ndi mankhwala, koma pogwiritsa ntchito masamba, zipatso, madzi amchere ambiri, yankho la soda.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za shuga wambiri zimawonetsedwa ndi kusazindikira, enema yotsuka ndi koloko imathandizira kuti wodwalayo amve. Momwe mawonekedwe akuipiraipira, khungu limakhala loyipa, kusenda, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muziwathandiza ndi thaulo lonyowa, tcherani chidwi ndi madera:
- khosi
- pamphumi;
- mikwingwirima;
- pansi pa mawondo.
Zotsatira zakusowa kwamadzi zili pachiwopsezo cha moyo. Wodwalayo akapanda kuzindikira, ndikuloledwa kuthira madzi mkamwa mwake, munthu amatha kumira.
Kuti muwonjezere mwayi wopewa kudwala matenda ashuga, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa thanzi lanu, chakudya, komanso nthawi yambiri yochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Mankhwala akapatsidwa mankhwala, ayenera kumwedwa nthawi zonse, mosamalitsa, popeza kuti mlingo womwe wakuphonya ungakulitse mwayi wa acidosis. Mankhwala ndikofunikira popanga insulini mu kapamba, amathandiza shuga.
Zizindikiro za hyperglycemia zikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu kanema munkhaniyi.
