Ntchito ya insulin mthupi: timadzi timene timakhala ndi shuga?

Ma mahormoni amathandizira pakugwira ntchito kwa thupi lonse. Insulin, monga imodzi mwazinthu izi, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Ma mahomoni onse opangidwa ndi tiziwalo tosiyanasiyana ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala, koma nthawi imodzimodzi imalumikizidwa ndi ntchito imodzi yofunikira kwambiri - kukhala ndi udindo pakuwongolera zochita za thupi, komanso momwe limagwirira ntchito mwanjira wamba.

Palibe malingaliro kuti ndi ziti mwa zinthu zachilengedwe zazikulu kwambiri, ndi udindo wa chaching'ono. Onsewa amalumikizidwanso mumtambo umodzi wosasinthika, ndipo ngati pali cholumikizira chimodzi, pulogalamu yonse imaphwanyidwa.

Udindo wamahomoni m'thupi la munthu

Udindo wamahomoni m'thupi umayamba kudziwonekera ngakhale munthu asanabadwe, m'mimba, popeza ndi iwo omwe amatenga nawo gawo lililonse pakupanga mwana wosabadwayo, amakhudza kukula ndi mapangidwe ake.

Ma mahormoni ndi zinthu zofunikira kwachilengedwe zomwe zimalowa m'magazi a anthu ndipo kudzera mu magazi ake zimakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zonse zamkati ndi machitidwe. Chifukwa cha zinthu zotere, njira za metabolic m'thupi zimayendetsedwa, metabolism imathandizira kapena kutsika pang'ono.

Chimodzi mwamafunso amachitidwe amthupi ndi kusungitsa homeostasis ndi mphamvu ya thupi yogwira ntchito bwino komanso bwino. Ma Horone amakonda kuponderezana kapena kulimbikitsa kukula kwa wina ndi mnzake poletsa kapena kuwonjezera kupanga kwa "abale" awo.

Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za mahomoni ndi zinthu zokhala ndi mahomoni ndizophatikiza:

• kukula kwa minofu ndi mafupa
• ali ndi udindo wa kagayidwe, kayendedwe ka kagayidwe kachakudya, kayendedwe ka glucose mu thupiꓼ
• khazikitsani chitetezo chamthupi munthawi zosiyanasiyana zadzidzidzi (kuphatikiza kugwedezeka, kulimbana) ꓼ
• kuyang'anira kukhazikitsidwa ndi kayendedwe ka kayendedwe ka munthuꓼ
• konzani thupi la munthu magawo atsopano a moyo (kutha msinkhu ndi chikhalidwe) ꓼ
• kukhala ndi udindo wothandizira kubereka komanso kuyendetsa zogonana amuna ndi akaziꓼ
• onetsetsani kuti mukumva njala ndi kukomoka, komanso kumva kuzungulira kwazizungulira.

Ma hormone onse amthupi amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu - wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, ngakhale atakhalapo mwa anthu onse, mosatengera jenda. Kusiyanitsa kokhako ndiko gawo lawo la masanjidwe. Makamaka zinthu ngati izi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakutha msinkhu.

Ma mahoni ogonana achimuna omwe ndi androgens amaphatikizapo testosterone, androsterone, androstenedione, androstenediol.

Mahomoni achikazi, omwe amaphatikiza estrogen ndi gestagen, amaphatikiza estradiol, estrone, ndi estriol.

Kuphatikiza apo, mahomoni a chithokomiro (makamaka paubwana ndi unyamata) amatenga gawo lofunikira pakukula kwa thupi lonse.

Makina opanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe zimatengera mphamvu ya zinthu zakunja ndi zakunja. Ma mahomoni ena amayenera kukhala osasunthika tsiku lonse, popeza momwe magwiritsidwe antchito a metabolic ndi njira zina zofunika komanso kagayidwe kazinthu zimadalira kuchuluka kwawo.

Zina mwazinthu izi, makamaka, zimaphatikizapo timadzi tothandiza kutulutsa chithokomiro, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro.

Hypoglycemic hormone ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito?

Insulin m'thupi la munthu ndiyo imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Mukuchita izi, amathandizidwanso ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwira, monga adrenaline ndi norepinephrine, glucagon, cortisol, corticosterol ndi mahomoni a chithokomiro.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi kumachulukanso munthu akangodya zophatikiza ndi chakudya. Poyankha pazakudya zotere, zikondamoyo zimayamba kupanga kuchuluka kwa insulini, yomwe imayamba ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito shuga, ndikugawa magazi kudzera mthupi lonse.

Tisaiwale kuti kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi ndikakonzedwa, kupanga kwa insulin, ndi kagwiridwe kabwino ka kapamba, kumayima. Ngati pali vuto pantchito yokhazikika, thupi, ndipo mutatha kupanga kuchuluka kwa shuga, silileka kutulutsa timadzi timeneti.

Izi zimachitika chifukwa chovuta cha insulini kulowa m'maselo ndi minyewa ya thupi, yomwe imasokoneza machitidwe a metabolic. Pali mawonekedwe oti chidwi cha maselo momwe insulin imagwirira ntchito zimadalira thupi la munthu - kuchuluka kwambiri kwamisempha ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta, insulin yabwino imalowera minofu.

Udindo wa insulin m'thupi la munthu umaonekeranso mu ntchito zina, zosafunikira kwenikweni. Izi zikuphatikizira kukondoweza kwa kaphatikizidwe kamaproteni mu minofu minofu, kuwonongeka kwa mafuta ndi lipids, kutsegula kwa lipogenesis.

Zokhudza thupi la insulin ndi izi:

1. Kupereka kwathunthu ndi kupatsa shuga kwa maselo onse amthupi, kuwapatsa mphamvu yofunikira. Kuphatikiza apo, timadzi timene timalimbikitsa kulowa kwake mu ma cellular, ndikukulitsa kupezeka kwa ma membrane a ma cell.
2. Insulin ndi chothandizira cha kaphatikizidwe ndi kulepheretsa kuchepa kwa glycogen mu minofu minofu ndi chiwindi.
3. Mosangalatsa zimakhudza njira yodzikundikira lipid ndi kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni.
4. Insulin imalimbikitsa kuyika kwa lipids mu minofu ya adipose.
5. Imayendetsa ntchito ya michere yomwe imathandizira kutsika kwa shuga. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu ya anabolic ya momwe insulin imagwirira ntchito.
6. Insulin imayambitsa zoletsa zina za ma enzyme zomwe zimayambitsa kuthamanga kwa lipids ndi glycogen, zomwe zimawonetsedwa mu mphamvu ya anticatabolic ya mahomoni.

Ngakhale pali ntchito zambiri, zotsatira zake zazikulu za insulin m'thupi ndi hypoglycemic.

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino

Insulini ndi mahomoni omwe ali ndi vuto la hypoglycemic.

Kuperewera kwake kapena kuchuluka kwake kudzadziwonetsa mwa mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana amitundu.

Kuyesa kozindikira kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwamahomoni m'thupi kungayang'anitsidwe ndi katswiri wazachipatala kapena kukhala chifukwa chogwirizana ndi zomwe wodwalayo akufuna kudziwa pofuna kupewa.

Zizindikiro zofunikira za kuchuluka kwa mahomoni zimakhazikitsidwa ndi ma postulate azachipatala pazotsatira zotsatirazi:

• muubwana, kuchuluka kwa insulin kumakhala kotsika pang'ono poyerekeza ndi akulu, ndipo kuyambira magawo atatu mpaka makumi awiri pa sentimita iliyonse
• mwa amuna ndi akazi, malire omwe amakhazikika mpaka pamtunda wapamwamba kwa mayunitsi makumi awiri ndi asanu
• momwe ma mahomoni azimayi oyembekezera amakhala ndi zosinthika zazikulu, motero, panthawiyi, kuyambira magawo asanu ndi limodzi mpaka makumi awiri mphambu asanu ndi atatu pa Mole amadziwika kuti ndi insulin.

Kuzindikira, komwe kumachitika kuti mupeze insulin ya mahomoni (zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa) ndi kuchuluka kwake m'thupi, zimaphatikizapo kusakanikirana kwa magazi a venous.

Potere, njira zokonzekera zimakhala malamulo oyenera:

1. Zitsanzo za zinthu zoyeserera zimachitika m'mawa ndipo nthawi zonse pamimba yopanda kanthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu sayenera kudya chakudya ndi zakumwa zingapo (kupatula madzi wamba) osachepera maola eyiti mpaka khumi njira isanachitike.
2. Kuphatikiza apo, zoletsedwa ndizophatikizira kupukuta mano ndi mano omwe amakhala ndi shuga, kutsuka mkamwa ndi zinthu zapadera zaukhondo, komanso kusuta.
3. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kumwa mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala kungasokoneze chithunzi chenicheni. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupatula kulowa kwawo mthupi la munthu asanachitike sampuli ya magazi (pokhapokha ngati mankhwalawo ndi ofunikira kwa munthu), ndiye kuti dokotala yemwe wakupangayo akusankha zoyenera kuchita pakadali pano.
4. Madzulo a njira yodziwikitsa, sikulimbikitsidwa kusewera masewera kapena kudziwonetsa kwambiri thupi molimbitsa thupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, ngati kuli kotheka, musakhale ndi nkhawa komanso nkhawa zina.

Nthawi yomweyo njira isanachitike, muyenera kuti muchepetse ndikupumula pang'ono (mphindi khumi mpaka khumi ndi zisanu).

Kodi kuchepa kapena kuchuluka kwa mahomoniwo kumawonetsa chiyani?

Kuchuluka kwakukwana kapena kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'thupi kumatha kukhala chizindikiritso cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikusokoneza thanzi la munthu.

Chifukwa chake, muyenera kumvetsera thupi lanu mosamala ndipo ngati zizindikiro zikuwoneka, mukayezetsa kuchipatala.

Ngati zonyansa zikupezeka pazowunikira, muyenera kufunsa uphungu wa endocrinologist.

Kuchuluka kwa insulin kumathandizira kuwonetsedwa kwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• anjala yosalamulirika yomwe imatsagana ndi munthu masana, kulephera kudya, kusamva bwino;
• kutopa kwa thupi, kumva kutopa kwambiri ndi kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito;
• amakula kwambiri kuchuluka kwa thukuta, ngakhale munthu atakhala chete;
• kupezeka kwamavuto kupuma, mawonekedwe a kupuma movutikira kulimbitsa thupi pang'ono kapena mwamphamvu;
• kukula kwa mavuto ndi khungu, mawonekedwe a kuyabwa, redness kapena totupa;
• ngakhale ndi moyo wanthawi zonse komanso zakudya zosasintha, pali phindu lakuthwa, lomwe nthawi zambiri limabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri m'mimba.

Kuphatikiza apo, munthu amatha kukumbukira kusokonezeka ndi kuchepa kwakachepa kwakanthawi kosagonja komanso kusatha kulowerera. Chizindikiro ichi chimawonekera kwambiri mwa anthu omwe akuchita zochitika zam'mutu.

Mochulukirapo, zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi zitha kuwoneka ngati kusokonezeka kwa tulo kapena mavuto ndi impso.

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mahomoni azikhala ndi nthawi yochepa komanso osinthasintha azitha kusiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina, munthu mwiniwake, osazindikira, amakwiya kukula kwa zizindikiritso zabwinobwino, akumadya zinthu zambiri zosavuta zamankhwala.

Zifukwa zazikulu zowonjezera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'magazi (zochita za insulin) zitha kuchitika ngati pali zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Kulakalaka kuonda, komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi kutsatira zakudya zopanda "njala" kapena kugawa kwamvula nthawi yayitali.
2. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amatsitsa thupi.
3. Kuperewera kwa ntchito yopuma komanso kutopa kwakanthawi.
4. Zosokoneza, malingaliro ndi malingaliro.
5. Kukhalapo kwa kulemera kwambiri, komwe kumakhudza mitsempha ya magazi ndipo kungayambitse kusokonezeka kwa magazi.
6. Kuperewera kwakukulu kwama mavitamini ndi michere mthupi m'thupi, makamaka chromium ndi vitamini E.
7. Wodwala pituitary ndi adrenal cortex.
8. Njira zatsitsi mu impso, kapangidwe kazinthu zopweteka ndi zotupa mu ziwalo.

Ntchito ya insulin m'thupi imapangidwa m'njira yoti kupangitsa kwake kosakwanira kukhala harbinger ya mtundu 1 kapena matenda ashuga a 2. Mitengo yotsika mwadongosolo ikhoza kuonekeranso kukhalapo kwa zolephera zotsatirazi:

• zovuta mu magwiridwe antchito a kapamba;
• kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwamphamvu kwa chidaꓼ
• Nthawi ya matenda opatsirana, makamaka mu mawonekedwe.

Kuperewera kwa insulin kungachitike chifukwa chodziwitsidwa pazinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Kukhala ndi moyo wosatopetsa komanso kugwira ntchito.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pafupipafupi ndi zakudya zina zosavuta.
3. Kupsinjika kwakukulu ndi kupsinjika kwa malingaliro.

Kuperewera kwa insulin kungayambitsenso masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Kodi ndi zinthu zamtundu wanji zopangidwa?

Kupanga insulin - ndi chiyani?

Matekinoloje amakono azachipatala amapangitsa kuti zitheke kupeza timadzi tosiyanasiyana tomwe timazigwiritsa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana a shuga.

Masiku ano, pali mitundu ingapo ya insulini yomwe imapangidwa yomwe imalola anthu odwala matenda ashuga kuthana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana.

Mitundu ya mahomoni opanga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira jakisoni wa subcutaneous ndi:

1. Zomwe zimadziwika ndi ultrashort ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amawonetsa ntchito zake mkati mwa mphindi zisanu mutakhazikitsa. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zochizira zimawonedwa pafupifupi ola limodzi jekeseni. Nthawi yomweyo, mphamvu ya jakisoni imatenga nthawi yochepa.
2. Insulin yofupikitsa imayamba kugwira ntchito pafupifupi theka la ola pambuyo pake pakhungu. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti insulini iyenera kumwa pafupifupi mphindi khumi ndi zisanu asanadye. Poterepa, zitheka kukwaniritsa chithandizo chokwanira kwambiri. Monga lamulo, mahomoni onse ochita kupanga mwachidule amapangidwira kuti asamawonekere ku hyperglycemia, yomwe nthawi zambiri imawonedwa pambuyo chakudya.
3. Hormone ya nthawi yapakatikati imagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi insulin yochepa. Nthawi yawo yochita, monga lamulo, imatenga maola 12 kapena 12. Kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi vuto la matenda ashuga, ndikokwanira kuchita jakisoni awiri kapena atatu a mankhwalawa tsiku lililonse. The achire zotsatira pambuyo jekeseni wayamba kuwonekera pambuyo maola awiri kapena atatu, ndipo pazenera ambiri mu magazi zimawonedwa pambuyo pafupifupi maola sikisi ndi asanu ndi atatu.
4. Insulin yomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali imagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi insulin yochepa. Iyenera kuperekedwa kamodzi patsiku, nthawi zambiri m'mawa. Cholinga chachikulu cha insulin yokhazikika ndikukhalabe ndi matenda a glycemia usiku. Kuchita bwino kwa jakisoni wovulalayo kumayamba kuonekera patatha pafupifupi maola asanu ndi limodzi, ndipo zotsatira zake zokha zimatha kukhala maola makumi awiri ndi anayi mpaka atatu ndi atatu.

Palinso gulu lapadera la mankhwalawa, omwe ndi mitundu iwiri ya mahomoni - achidule komanso osakhalitsa (ayenera kusakanizidwa musanaperekedwe). Monga lamulo, osakaniza a insulini amatengedwa musanadye kawiri pa tsiku.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mankhwala onse amakono a insulin amapangidwa pamaziko a mahomoni amunthu.

Mfundo za insulin zochita zikufotokozedwa mu kanema m'nkhaniyi.