Nthawi zina, amavomerezedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pofuna kuchiza cholesterol m'thupi la munthu.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zosachepetsa lipid zomwe zimaswa magawo oyamba a kuphatikizika kwa cholesterol m'chiwindi ndi Holetar.
Mankhwalawa, otulutsidwa ku Slovenia, adapangira zochizira matenda amtima. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito poyambira hyperlipidemia ndikuchepetsa kukula kwa coronary atherosulinosis. Mankhwala amapezeka pama mapiritsi a 20 kapena 40 mg. Chofunikira komanso chogwira ntchito cha mankhwalawa ndi lovastatin.
Lovastatin amathandiza kuti muchepetse mayendedwe amkati mwa cholesterol mu chiwindi ndi kusokoneza gawo loyamba la kapangidwe kake - kupanga mevalonic acid. Mthupi, lovastatin imasinthidwa kukhala mawonekedwe othandizira, omwe amathandizira kuchepetsa mapangidwe a cholesterol ndikuthandizira kuthamanga kwake ndikuwonongeka. Mankhwalawa amachepetsa zomwe zimakhala ndi osachepera lipoproteins m'magazi, ndikuwonjezera zomwe zili ndi HDL.
Ubwino wa chithandizo ndi mankhwalawa ndikuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake sikumabweretsa kuchuluka kwa poizoni m'thupi.
M'mimba, lovastatin imayamwa pang'onopang'ono osati kwathunthu - pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mlingo womwe umamwa. Mankhwalawa amayenera kumwedwa ndi chakudya, popeza mapiritsi akamwedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, m'magazi a plasma ndi gawo limodzi lachitatu kwambiri kuposa momwe amamwa ndi chakudya. Mlingo wake wapamwamba umawonedwa pambuyo pa maola 2-4, ndiye kuti plasma ndende imachepa, mpaka kufika 10% ya pazokwanira patsiku limodzi.
Lovastatin imapukusidwa kudzera m'matumbo ndi impso za munthu.
Zizindikiro ndi:
- Choletar amayankhidwa kuti achepetse cholesterol ya LDL ndi triglycerides m'magazi mwa odwala omwe ali ndi hypercholesterolemia yoyamba. Amawerengera mphamvu yochepa yochepetsera mankhwala ochiritsira komanso ena omwe sanali mankhwala;
- Chithandizo cha matenda a m'matumbo a m'matumbo mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima kuti muchepetse kukula kwa matendawa.
Zoyipa:
- Kukhalapo kwa hypersensitivity ku lovastatin kapena zigawo zina za mankhwala;
- Kukhalapo kwa matenda osiyanasiyana a chiwindi mu gawo logwira;
- Nthawi ya pakati mwa azimayi ndi yoyamwitsa;
- Zaka mpaka 18.
Monga mankhwala aliwonse, Holetar ali ndi zovuta zingapo zoyipa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka:
- Ululu pamimba;
- Pakamwa pakamwa, nseru;
- Kuphwanya kwam'mimba thirakiti mu mawonekedwe am'mimba kapena kudzimbidwa;
- Kupsinjika ndi kupweteka m'misempha;
- Mutu, chizungulire;
- Kuphwanya masamba owoneka ndi kukoma ndikotheka;
- Kufooka kwathunthu, kusokonezeka kwa kugona;
- Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ena;
- Zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana zoyipa.
Mapiritsi amatengedwa pakamwa pakudya. Musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa komanso panthawi yomwe akugwiritsa ntchito ndikofunikira kuti azitsatira zakudya zapadera.
Ndi hyperlipidemia, mlingo woyenera wa lovastatin umachokera ku 10 mpaka 80 mg kamodzi patsiku. Poyamba, kwa odwala omwe ali ndi hypercholesterolemia, Holetar amawayika 20 mg kamodzi patsiku panthawi yamadzulo. Pankhani ya matenda oopsa a hypercholesterolemia, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwirikiza kawiri mlingo wa kudya tsiku lililonse. Ngati ndi kotheka, mlingo wa mankhwalawa utha kuwonjezeredwa kuti mupeze mafuta ambiri a cholesterol. Mtengo wake wokwanira ndi 80 mg patsiku mu waukulu kapena waukulu pakudya;
Mu coronary atherosulinosis, mlingo woyenera umachokera pa 20 mpaka 80 mg wa patsiku, kamodzi kapena mu awiri.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mlingo ndi nthawi ya makonzedwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatsogolera pakuwonekera kwa mawonekedwe ena, komabe, mutatenga waukulu Mlingo wa Holetar, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwunika ntchito ya chiwindi.
Kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa lovastatin m'magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti myopathy apangidwe ndi rhabdomyolysis ndi kulephera kwa aimpso, zitha kuwonedwa mukutenga Holetar ndi mankhwala monga nicotinic acid; Cyclosporin; macrolide mankhwala; mankhwala a antifungal; HIV protease zoletsa.
Kukhazikitsidwa kophatikizidwa kwa Holetar ndi warfarin nthawi zina kumathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa njira zopangira magazi, zomwe zingapangitse kuti magazi azituluka.
Pankhani ya munthawi yomweyo makonzedwe awa a mankhwalawa, ndikofunikira kuyesedwa pafupipafupi kuti mudziwe nthawi yomwe magazi akupangika.
Kugwiritsa ntchito lovastatin ndikotheka patatha maola 4 mutatha Colestyramine, chifukwa kuchepa kwa bioavailability ndikuwoneka ngati zowonjezera ndizotheka.
Pali ndemanga zosiyanasiyana za mankhwalawa kuchokera kwa odwala omwe adazigwiritsa ntchito. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ambiri mwaiwo ndi abwino. Ndi yoyenera komanso yoyendetsedwa ndi makonzedwe, mawonekedwe a machitidwe oyipa kuchokera mthupi sanawonedwe, ndipo kuchuluka kwa cholesterol kunachepa kwambiri.
Pali zitsanzo zingapo za mankhwalawa zomwe zimakhala ndi mbali zawo zabwino komanso zoyipa. Pankhaniyi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala samaloledwa popanda kufunsa ndi kuyang'ana kwa adokotala.
- Atorvastatin-TEVA. Mankhwala amapezeka pamapiritsi. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi chinthu china chomwe chimagwira - atorvastatin, komabe, mndandanda wazomwe zikuwonetsa kuyendetsedwa umakhala wofanana ndi choletar. Ali ndi zotsutsana zingapo, kuphatikiza pakati, kuyamwa, zaka zosakwana 18;
- Lipoford. Ndi imodzi mwazokonzekera zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri ku India kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mkati. Atorvastatin ndiwonso yogwira pophika 10 mg piritsi limodzi. Ili ndi mndandanda waukulu wotsutsana ndi zoyipa, chifukwa chake musanagwiritse ntchito, muyenera kufunsa katswiri;
- Cardiostatin. Ndi mankhwala aku Russia omwe ali ndi mtundu wotsika pang'ono wamtengo. Yogwira pophika ndi lovastatin mu mlingo wa 20 kapena 40 mg. Kugulitsidwa makatoni mapiritsi 30, omwe ndi mapiritsi 10 kuposa oyambira.
Chifukwa chake, Holetar ndi chipatala, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chofunikira, kukhazikitsa pawiri. Mlingo watsimikiza ndi dokotala. Ndi kukula kwa zoyipa, mankhwalawa amachotsedwa, amasinthidwa ndi analogues omwe ali ndi zofanana zochizira.
Akatswiri amalankhula za ma statins mu kanema munkhaniyi.
