Pafupifupi 25% ya anthu odwala matenda a shuga sazindikira matenda awo. Amachita bizinesi modekha, samvera chidwi ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa, ndipo panthawiyi matenda a shuga amawononga thupi lawo pang'onopang'ono. Matendawa amatchedwa wakupha mwakachetechete. Nthawi yoyamba kunyalanyaza shuga imatha kubweretsa vuto la mtima, kulephera kwa impso, kusawona m'maso, kapena mavuto a miyendo. Pafupipafupi, wodwala matenda ashuga amagwa chifukwa cha shuga wambiri, amapita kuchipatala mosamala kwambiri, kenaka amayamba kuthandizidwa.
Patsamba lino, muphunzira zofunikira zokhudzana ndi zizindikiro za matenda ashuga. Izi ndi zizindikiro zoyambirira zomwe zimatha kudziwika mosavuta ngati kusintha kozizira kapena kokhudzana ndi ukalamba. Komabe, mutatha kuwerenga nkhani yathu, mudzakhala osamala. Chitanipo kanthu pa nthawi yake kupewa mavuto a shuga. Ngati mukukayikira kuti muli ndi matenda a shuga, yerekezerani zomwe muli nazo ndi zomwe tafotokozazi. Kenako pitani ku labotale kukayezetsa magazi. Mulingo woyenera sikutanthauza kusala kudya kwachangu, koma kuwunika kwa hemoglobin wa glycated.
Dziwani za shuga wanu wamagazi kuti mumvetsetse mayeso anu. Ngati shugayo akwezedwa, ndiye kuti tsatirani njira yochepetsera matenda osokoneza bongo popanda kudya zakudya, jakisoni wa insulin ndi mapiritsi owopsa. Amuna ndi akazi ambiri achikulire amanyalanyaza zoyamba za matenda a shuga mwa iwo okha ndi ana awo. Akuyembekeza kuti "mwina zitha." Tsoka ilo, ili ndiye malingaliro osakwaniritsidwa. Chifukwa odwala oterowo amafikabe kwa dokotala pambuyo pake, koma m'mikhalidwe yowopsa kwambiri.
Ngati zizindikiro za matenda ashuga zimawonedwa mwa mwana kapena mwana wochepera wazaka 25 popanda kunenepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba. Kuti muchiritse, muyenera kupereka jakisoni. Ngati kunenepa kwambiri kapena bambo wazaka zopitilira 40 komanso wonenepa kwambiri akuganiza kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti mwina ali ndi matenda a shuga awiri. Koma izi ndizongowonetsera chabe. Dokotala - endocrinologist adzatha kudziwa mtundu wa matenda ashuga. Werengani nkhani yofotokoza matenda a matenda a shuga 1 komanso 2. ”
Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga 1
Monga lamulo, zizindikiro za matenda amtundu wa 1 zimawonjezeka mwa munthu mwachangu, mkati mwa masiku ochepa, komanso kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri wodwalayo amayamba kudwala matenda ashuga (amataya chikumbumtima), amapita naye kuchipatala mwachangu ndipo amapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga.
Tilembapo zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga 1:
- ludzu lalikulu: munthu amamwa mpaka malita atatu amadzi pa tsiku;
- fungo la acetone mu mpweya wotuluka;
- wodwalayo wakula kudya, amadya kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo akuchepetsa thupi kwambiri;
- kukodza pafupipafupi komanso koperewera (kumene kumatchedwa polyuria), makamaka usiku;
- mabala samachiritsa bwino;
- Khungu limatulutsa, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mafangasi kapena zithupsa.
Matenda a shuga a Type 1 nthawi zambiri amayambira masabata 2-4 atatenga kachiromboka (fuluwenza, rubella, chikuku, ndi zina) kapena kupsinjika kwambiri.
Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a Type 2
Matenda a shuga amtunduwu amakula pang'onopang'ono zaka zingapo, nthawi zambiri amakhala achikulire. Munthu amakhala wotopa nthawi zonse, mabala ake amachira bwino, mawonekedwe ake amachepa ndipo kukumbukira kwake kumawonjezeka. Koma sazindikira kuti izi ndi zizindikiro za matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri, matenda a shuga a 2 amapezeka mwangozi.
Matenda a 2 a shuga amadziwika ndi:
- madandaulo apakati: kutopa, kuwona koperewera, mavuto a kukumbukira;
- khungu lamavuto: kuyabwa, mafangasi pafupipafupi, mabala ndi kuwonongeka kulikonse kumachiritsa bwino;
- ludzu - mpaka malita atatu amadzi pa tsiku;
- munthu nthawi zambiri amadzuka kuti alembe usiku (!);
- Zilonda pamiyendo ndi kumapazi, dzanzi kapena kumva chilonda m'miyendo, kupweteka poyenda;
- mwa amayi - thrush, omwe ndi ovuta kuchiza;
- pambuyo pake magawo - kutaya thupi popanda zakudya;
- matenda a shuga amapita popanda zizindikiro - mwa 50% ya odwala;
- Kuwonongeka kwamaso, matenda a impso, kugunda kwa mtima mwadzidzidzi, kuwopsa, ndikowonetsa koyamba kwa matenda a shuga 2 mu odwala 20-30% (onani dokotala posachedwa, osazengereza!).
Ngati mukunenepa kwambiri, komanso kutopa, mabala amachiritsa bwino, vuto la maso limayamba kugwa, kukumbukira kumakulirakulira - musakhale aulesi kwambiri kuti mupeze shuga yanu yamagazi. Ngati yatukulidwa - muyenera kuchitiridwa. Mukapanda kuchita izi, mudzafa msanga, ndipo musanakhale ndi nthawi yakuvutika ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga (khungu, kulephera kwa impso, zilonda zam'miyendo ndi zilonda zam'mimba, stroke, kugunda kwamtima).
Kuyang'anira matenda a shuga a 2 kungakhale kosavuta kuposa momwe mukuganizira.
Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga mwa ana
Mwana akamayamba kudwala matenda a shuga, matendawa amawonekera kwambiri kwa anthu omwe amawonekera. Werengani nkhani yatsatanetsatane, "Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga kwa ana." Izi ndizothandiza kwa makolo onse komanso makamaka kwa madokotala. Chifukwa pochita dokotala wa ana, matenda ashuga ndi osowa kwambiri. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amatenga chizindikiro cha matenda osokoneza bongo mwa ana monga mawonekedwe a matenda ena.
Momwe mungasiyanitsire mtundu 1 wa shuga ndi mtundu 2 wa shuga?
Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu woyamba 1 amayamba kwambiri, matendawa amayamba modzidzimutsa. Ndi matenda 2 a shuga, thanzi limakula pang'onopang'ono. M'mbuyomu, mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga okha ndiwo unkawerengedwa kuti ndi "matenda a achichepere", koma tsopano malirewo wafika. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kunenepa kwambiri kumakhalapo.
Kuti musiyanitse matenda ashuga amtundu 1 ndi matenda amitundu iwiri, muyenera kuyesa mkodzo wa shuga, komanso magazi a glucose ndi C-peptide. Werengani zambiri mu nkhani ya "Kuzindikira matenda amtundu 1 ndi matenda ashuga 2."
Kufotokozera kwa zizindikiro zina za matenda ashuga
Tsopano tifotokoza chifukwa chake, ndi matenda a shuga, odwala ali ndi zizindikiro zina. Ngati mukumvetsetsa kuphatikizika, mutha kuchiza matenda anu a shuga komanso kuwongolera.
Thupi komanso kuchuluka kwamkodzo potulutsa (polyuria)
Mu matenda a shuga, pazifukwa zingapo, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwera. Thupi limayesetsa kuchotsa - zapamwamba ndi mkodzo. Koma ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga mumkodzo ndikokwera kwambiri, impso siziphonya. Chifukwa chake, payenera kukhala mkodzo wambiri.
Kuti "mutulutse" mkodzo wambiri, thupi limafunikira madzi okwanira. Chifukwa chake pali chizindikiro cha ludzu lalikulu la matenda ashuga. Wodwalayo amatha kukodza pafupipafupi. Amadzuka kangapo usiku - ichi ndi chizindikiro choyambirira cha matenda ashuga.
Kununkhira kwa acetone mu mpweya wotuluka
Ndi matenda a shuga, pali shuga wambiri m'magazi, koma ma cell sangathe kuyamwa, chifukwa insulin siyokwanira kapena sikugwira ntchito bwino. Chifukwa chake, maselo amthupi (kupatula ubongo) amasintha kupita ku chakudya ndimasungidwe amafuta.
Thupi likamaphwanya mafuta, matupi a "ketone" amapezeka (b-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetic acid, acetone). Pamene kuchuluka kwa matupi a ketone m'magazi kukakwezeka, amayamba kumasulidwa ndikupumira, ndipo fungo la acetone limawonekera m'mwamba.
Ketoacidosis - chikomokere cha matenda a shuga 1
Kunali kununkhira kwa acetone mumlengalenga wotuluka - zikutanthauza kuti thupi limasinthira kudya mafuta, ndipo matupi a ketone amayendayenda m'magazi. Ngati matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba sagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi (insulin), ndiye kuti matupi a ketone awa amakhala okwera kwambiri.
Pankhaniyi, thupi lilibe nthawi yoti lisawasokoneze, ndipo acidity yamagazi imasintha. Magazi pH iyenera kukhala wopyola malire (7.35 ... 7.45). Ngati atapitirira malire apa - pamakhala kupanikizika, kugona, kusowa kudya, nseru (nthawi zina kusanza), osati kupweteka m'mimba. Zonsezi zimatchedwa diabetesic ketoacidosis.
Ngati munthu wagwa chifukwa cha ketoacidosis, ichi ndi chowopsa cha matenda ashuga, odzala ndi kulumala kapena kufa (7-15% yaimfa). Nthawi yomweyo, tikukulimbikitsani kuti musamaope fungo la acetone kuchokera mkamwa mwanu ngati ndinu wamkulu ndipo mulibe matenda a shuga 1.
Pochiza matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndi chakudya chamagulu ochepa, wodwalayo amatha kukhala ndi ketosis - kuwonjezeka kwa matupi a ketone m'magazi ndi zimakhala. Awa ndi achitetezo abwinobwino omwe alibe poizoni. The pH ya magazi siyigwera pansi pa 7.30. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale amve fungo la acetone kuchokera mkamwa, munthu akumva yachibadwa. Pakadali pano, amachotsa mafuta ochulukirapo ndikuchepetsa thupi.
Kuchuluka shuga
Mu shuga, thupi la munthu limasowa insulini, kapena siligwira ntchito moyenera. Ngakhale pali shuga wambiri m'magazi, maselo sangathe kuyamwa chifukwa cha zovuta za insulin ndi "njala". Amatumiza ziwonetsero za njala kuubongo, ndipo chidwi cha munthu chimadzuka.
Wodwala amadya bwino, koma zopatsa mphamvu zomwe zimabwera ndi chakudya sizitha kuyamwa minofu ya thupi. Kulakalaka kwambiri kumapitirirabe mpaka vuto ndi insulin litathetsedwa kapena mpaka maselo amasintha kukhala mafuta. Potsirizira pake, matenda a shuga 1 amayamba ketoacidosis.
Zikopa za pakhungu, matenda oyamba ndi fungus, kutupa
Mu shuga, shuga amakwezeka m'madzi onse amthupi. Shuga wambiri amamasulidwa, kuphatikiza ndi thukuta. Bowa ndi mabakiteriya amakonda kwambiri chinyezi, malo otentha omwe amapezeka shuga ambiri, omwe amadya nawo. Pangani magazi anu kukhala pafupi ndi abwinobwino - khungu lanu limatopa.
Zomwe mabala samachiritsa bwino mu shuga
Masewera a shuga m'magazi akachuluka, zimakhala ndi poizoni m'makoma amitsempha yamagazi ndi maselo onse omwe amasambitsidwa ndi kutuluka kwa magazi. Kuonetsetsa machiritso a zilonda, machitidwe ambiri ovuta amapezeka mthupi. Kuphatikiza, maselo amthupi athanzi amagawikana.
Popeza minofu imayatsidwa ndi zovuta za glucose "owonjezera", njira zonsezi zimachepetsedwa. Mikhalidwe yabwino yopita patsogolo kwa matenda amapangidwanso. Timawonjezeranso kuti mwa azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, khungu limayamba msanga.
Kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi, tikufunanso kukukulangizani kuti muwonenso msanga shuga wanu wamagazi ndi kukaonana ndi endocrinologist ngati mutha kuona nokha matenda a shuga mwa inu kapena okondedwa anu. Ndikothekanso kuchiritsa kwathunthu tsopano, koma kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikuwakhalitsa ndikubwino. Ndipo zitha kukhala zosavuta kuposa momwe mukuganizira.
