Kuunika koyamba komwe kumayesedwa ngati matenda aliwonse ndi kuyesa kwamwazi wamagazi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwika yodziwitsa za matenda atha kudziwa zinthu zomwe zimachitika m'thupi.
Kodi kuyesedwa kwa magazi m'magazi kumawonetsa bwanji?
Kusiyanitsidwa pakati podziwikiratu komanso kochiritsika kwa mitundu yonse ya kusintha kwamankhwala osiyanasiyana. Mwambo wowerengeka wazachipatala umaphatikizapo kuphunzira kwa zofunikira za zigawo za magazi a munthu, zomwe zimatha kuwonetsa kusokonezeka komwe kumachitika mu mtima, kwamkodzo, endocrine kapena kugaya chakudya, kupezeka kwa kutupa m'matumbo a chiwindi.
Zizindikiro zazikulu zikuphatikiza:
- mapuloteni onse;
- aspartate aminotransferase (AST);
- alanine aminotransferase (ALT);
- mwachindunji ndi okwana bilirubin;
- urea
- shuga
- cholesterol;
- creatinine;
- ma elekitirodi.
Pakuwunika kwina, ma enzyme owonjezereka amafunikira kutsimikizira matendawa:
- c-yogwira mapuloteni;
- ma globulins;
- ferritin;
- fructosamine;
- lipoproteins;
- mavitamini;
- kufufuza zinthu.
Zizindikiro zopereka magazi kuchokera mu mtsempha
Ndikofunika kudziwa zotsatira za kusanthula kwa zamankhwala ndipo akatswiri adzaona chithunzi chonse cha momwe boma limagwirira ntchito ndi ziwalo zonse mthupi.
Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku wa biochemical amachitika mu milandu yotsatirayi:
- pakulemba mayeso apachaka;
- pa mimba;
- kuwunika momwe mankhwalawa amathandizira;
- Pamaso pa zizindikiro za maliseche a ziwalo zilizonse.
Momwe mungaperekere magazi pakuwonetsa zamankhwala am'kati?
Kuti mupeze zotsatira zodalirika, musanatenge magazi kuti mupeze zamankhwala am'thupi, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo angapo:
- lisanachitike phunziroli saloledwa kudya, kusuta;
- kupatula kugwiritsa ntchito maswiti, tiyi wamphamvu ndi khofi tsiku lisanafike kusanthula;
- sikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupite kukasamba tsiku loti musanapereke magazi ndikukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri;
- masiku awiri lisanachitike lingaliro lalikululi, perekani zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndi zopatsa mphamvu;
- pasanathe milungu iwiri maphunzirowa asanachitike, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti musiye kumwa zovuta za mavitamini ndi mankhwala.
Amapereka magazi m'mawa. Kutolere magazi okwanira 5 mpaka 10 ml amachokera kumitsempha yomwe ili pamphepete mwa nsonga.
Zisonyezo zamagazi zomwe zimatengedwa zimatengedwera ku labotale chidebe chotsekedwa, chotetezedwa ku kuwala, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa bilirubin.
Ngati pakufunika kubwereza kuwunika, ndiye kuti muyenera kupereka magazi nthawi yomweyo komanso mu labotale yofanana ndi yoyamba ija.
Kodi kusanthula kwama biochemical kumaphatikizapo chiyani?
Kusanthula kwamayendedwe amoyo kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu zamagazi:
- kuchuluka kwa shuga - chizindikiro cha kagayidwe koyenera ka chakudya ndipo zimatengera ntchito ya endocrine;
- chiwindi mayeso kukhazikitsa ndende ya waukulu chiwindi michere. Ma coefficients a AST, ALT, GTP, alkaline phosphatase ndi bilirubin amathandiza kudziwa mtundu ndi magwiridwe antchito a gland;
- mapuloteni ndi tizidutswa tawo timayang'anira ntchito yogawa michere mthupi lonse ndipo amatenga nawo mbali popanga ma cell atsopano komanso chitetezo chokwanira;
- urea, uric acid ndi creatinine, zimapangidwa m'chiwindi chifukwa cha kuwola kwa maselo otalikilapo, ndipo zimayesedwa ndi mkodzo;
- lipids ndi cholesterol amagwira nawo ntchito yopanga bile, mahomoni ndi zimakhala zatsopano, amathandizira pakupanga mphamvu;
- potaziyamu m'magazi amawonetsa momwe mtima ndi mitsempha ya m'magazi;
- sodium amakhudza acidity ndi osmotic anzawo.
Kuwunika kwa decryption
Dokotala yekha ndi amene amatha kuwerenga molondola zotsatira za kusanthula kwake, poganizira zaka ndi odwala. Katswiri adzazindikira zizindikiro zakuwonetsa matendawa m'njira zakupatuka kuzidziwitso za gome.
Mutha kudziwikitsa nokha momwe thanzi lanu lilili ngati mukudziwa mtundu wovomerezeka wa enzyme iliyonse.
Ntchito wamba
Tebulo idapangidwa lomwe lili ndi mndandanda wazikhalidwe zovomerezeka za zigawo za m'magazi omwe amaphunziridwa.
Kuti awerenge kafukufuku wa sayansi yamwazi, kuyerekeza magawo a gawo lililonse la magazi ndi mndandanda wazikhalidwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mndandanda wamagulu abwinobwino amwazi:
| Mapazi amwazi | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zizindikiro | Ana | Akuluakulu | |||||
| mpaka mwezi umodzi | mpaka miyezi 12 | 1-16 wazaka | amuna | azimayi | |||
Mapuloteni onse (g / l) | 46-68 | 56-73 | 63-82 | 68-83 | |||
| Albumin (g / l) | 35-44 | 35-49 | 36-55 | 25-40 | |||
Aspartate aminotransferase AST (u / l) | 30-75 | 15-51 | Mpaka 47 | Mpaka 41 | |||
| Alanine aminotransferase ALT (mayunitsi / l) | 13-60 | 12-60 | Mpaka 55 | Kufikira pa 43 | |||
Alkaline phosphatase (unit / l) | Mpaka 180 | Mpaka 650 | 35-130 | ||||
Cholesterol (mmol / L) | 1,5-5 | 2,1-4,5 | 3,1-7,4 | 3 mpaka 7 | |||
HDL (mmol / L) | 1-3,9 | Zoposa 1.2 | Opitilira 1,5 | ||||
| LDL (mmol / L) | 2,6-4,5 | 2,5-4,7 | Zochepera 3 | ||||
Glucose (mmol / L) | 2,7-4,6 | 3,4-7,2 | 3,5-7,3 | ||||
| Direct bilirubin (μmol / L) | 4-13,7 | 0,8-4,3 | 0,3-4,2 | ||||
Bilirubin yonse (μmol / L) | 10-51 | 4,5-22,5 | 3-17,5 | ||||
| Folic Acid (ng / ml) | 3,27 | 3-17,5 | |||||
Vitamini B 12 (ng / L) | 161-1300 | 182-910 | |||||
Iron (μmol / L) | 9,6-43 | 5,3-15 | 9,3-30 | 12,6-32 | 8,8-31,4 | ||
Potaziyamu (mmol / L) | 3,7-7,5 | 3-6,6 | 2,9-6,4 | 2,4-6,5 | |||
| Sodium (mmol / L) | 126-156 | 122-150 | 132-165 | 126-145 | |||
Phosphorous (mmol / L) | 1,1-3,9 | 1,3-2,8 | 1-2,7 | 0,88-1,53 | |||
| Calcium (mmol / L) | 0,92-1,26 | 1,04-2,2 | 2,24-3,5 | ||||
Magnesium (mmol / L) | 0,67-2,75 | 0,7-2,3 | 0,6-1,14 | ||||
| Chopanga (μmol / L) | 35-130 | 57-125 | 45-87 | ||||
Urea (mmol / L) | 1,5-6,4 | 3,4-7,5 | 2,4-8,2 | 2,19-6,49 | |||
Uric Acid (μmol / L) | 0,15-0,45 | 0,23-0,36 | 0,2-0,43 | 210-319 | 146-349 | ||
Kodi zopatuka kuzomwe zikuwonetsa zikutanthauza chiyani?
Kusintha kulikonse mu kuchuluka kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu zamagazi pakuwonjezereka kapena kuchepa ndi chizindikiro chodabwitsa cha kuyamba kwa matenda a ziwalo zamkati.
Zinthu zazikuluzikulu za urea zitha kutanthauza:
- chitukuko cha matenda a impso;
- pachimake pyelonephritis kapena gawo;
- chifuwa chachikulu cha impso;
- kuledzera ndi zinthu zapoizoni.
Gawo lotsika la izi limachitika pomwe:
- kulephera kwa chiwindi;
- kuchuluka kukodza;
- Zakudya zochepa zopatsa mphamvu;
- pambuyo kumeza shuga;
- kusokoneza kagayidwe kachakudya.
Uric acid imadzuka pazifukwa:
- kusowa kwa vitamini B 12;
- poyizoni wa gasi;
- matenda a shuga;
- ndi leukemia;
- matenda oyambitsidwa ndi matenda;
- chiwindi ntchito.
Creatinine ikukula chifukwa cha:
- pachimake kapena matenda aimpso kulephera;
- matumbo kutsekereza;
- kuwonongeka kwamafuta pakhungu;
- matenda ashuga
- hyperteriosis.
Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni onse kumawonetsa mavuto:
- ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali a glucocorticosteroids;
- zamasamba
- kuwonongeka kwamafuta pakhungu;
- matenda a chiwindi;
- kuchuluka kukodza;
- kuchepa kwa magazi
- colitis, kapamba;
- oncology.
Kuwonjezeka kwamapuloteni kumawonedwa ndi kukula kwa kutupa kapena kufooka kwa madzi m'thupi.
A shuga wambiri m'magazi amakwiya:
- matenda ashuga
- zotupa za adrenal cortex ndi pituitary gland;
- kutupa kapena kuvulala kwaubongo;
- poyizoni wa gasi;
- khunyu.
Kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi kumayambitsa:
- insulin;
- chakudya cha njala;
- matenda a chiwindi;
- kukula kwa encephalitis, meningitis;
- enteritis, colitis.
Kudumphira mu ALT ndi zizindikiro za AST kumachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a:
- matenda a mtima. Komanso, mulingo wa ALT uzikhala wokwera;
- kuledzera kwa chiwindi;
- pachimake gawo la chiwindi. Kuchulukitsa mulingo wa AST;
- oncology a chiwindi.
Mankhwala a alkaline phosphatase amawonjezeka chifukwa cha:
- kuledzera kwa chiwindi;
- hepatitis osiyanasiyana etiologies;
- fusion mafupa pambuyo fractures;
- kufalikira kwa metastases yamafupa;
- kukula kwa mafupa.
Mkulu wokwanira bilirubin wokwanira amakongoletsa chikaso cha pakhungu ndipo akuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda a chiwindi, zotupa zoyipa, kuledzera.
Komanso ndi chizindikiro cha matenda a ndulu ndi chiwindi.
Kukula kwa bilirubin mwachindunji kumatanthauza kukula kwa cholecystitis, hepatitis pachimake, komanso matenda opatsirana a chiwindi.
Miyezo ya GGT imachulukanso poyizoni wa ethanol, matenda a mtima, matenda a shuga, komanso mononucleosis yopatsirana.
Zowonjezera zomwe zimagwira nawo mafuta ofunikira monga mafuta m'thupi amatanthauza:
- matenda ashuga
- matenda a ndulu;
- kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- matenda a mtima
- nthawi yapakati;
- chitukuko cha kapamba;
- chotupa cha prostate.
Cholesterol chochepa chimapezeka pamaso pa matenda monga:
- matenda a chiwindi;
- oncology;
- matenda am'mapapo
- nyamakazi;
- Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zochepa.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa zizindikiro za zinthu za m'magazi:
- pachimake chiwindi kulephera ndi madzi am'mimba kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu. Kugwa kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda a impso komanso kuwonjezeka kwamadzi kuchokera mthupi;
- pazitsulo zochepa - chizindikiro chokhudza kutuluka kwa magazi ndi kukhalapo kwa chotupa. Mlozera wachitsulo wokwera umatanthawuza leukemia kapena sickle cell anemia. Zitha kuchitika pambuyo pakudya kwambiri mankhwala okhala ndi chitsulo;
- Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti calcium izikhala ndi michere yambiri, kuchuluka kwa mavitamini D ndi kusowa kwamadzi. Ntchito yosakwanira impso ndi chithokomiro chimayenda limodzi ndi kutsika kwa calcium;
- zamasamba amachititsa kuchuluka kwa folic acid;
- kusadya mokwanira komanso kumwa mowa kwambiri kumayambitsa kusowa kwa vitaminiyu.
Makanema okamba za kupanga magazi mozama:
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa ana kumaphimba zigawo zomwe zimafanana ndi akulu, zimasiyana mwa zikhalidwe. Koma ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti kusintha kwa mahomoni ndi kukula kwachangu kwa mwana nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa michere popanda kukhalapo kwa ma pathologies mu ziwalo. Ndi zaka, kupatuka koteroko kumatha kukhala kwacibadwa.
Chifukwa chake, adotolo ayenera kulinganiza za kukhalapo kwa matendawa, popeza adziwa bwino zomwe akuwonetsa komanso zotsatira za maphunziro ena.
