Mwazi waukulu wamagazi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ashuga komanso vuto lalikulu kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Magazi okwera m'magazi ndi chifukwa chokhacho chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ashuga. Kuti muthane ndi matenda anu moyenera, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino komwe glucose amalowa m'magazi ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Werengani nkhaniyo mosamala - ndipo mudzazindikira momwe malamulo a shuga wamagazi aliri enieni komanso zomwe zimasintha ndikusokoneza kagayidwe kazakudya, i.e. wodwala matenda ashuga.
Zakudya zomwe zimapezeka m'magulu a shuga ndi ma protein ndi mapuloteni. Mafuta omwe timadya alibe mphamvu iliyonse pa shuga wamagazi. Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani anthu amakonda kukoma kwa shuga ndi zakudya zotsekemera? Chifukwa imathandizira kupanga ma neurotransmitters (makamaka serotonin) mu ubongo, omwe amachepetsa nkhawa, amachititsa kumva kukhala bwino, kapena ngakhale euphoria. Chifukwa cha izi, anthu ena amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe ali ndi mphamvu ngati kusuta fodya, mowa, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Anthu omwe amadalira Carbohydrate omwe adakumana nawo amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma serotonin kapena kuchepetsa chidwi cha receptor kwa icho.
Kukoma kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi mapuloteni sikukondweretsa anthu monganso kukoma kwa maswiti. Chifukwa mapuloteni odya zakudya amawonjezera shuga m'magazi, koma zoterezi zimayamba kuchepa komanso kuchepa. Chakudya chopatsa thanzi chopatsa mphamvu, momwe mapuloteni ndi mafuta achilengedwe amakhala ambiri, chimakupatsani mwayi wochepetsa shuga wamagazi ndikuchisunga bwino, monga mwa anthu athanzi opanda shuga. Zakudya zachikhalidwe zomwe zili ndi "shuga" wathanzi sizingadzitamandire, chifukwa mumatha kuwona mosavuta poyesa shuga m'magazi anu ndi glucometer. Komanso, pakudya chamafuta ochepa a shuga, timatha mafuta abwinobwino achilengedwe, ndipo izi zimathandiza kupindula ndi mtima wathu, kutsitsa magazi komanso kupewa mtima. Werengani zambiri za Mapuloteni, Mafuta, ndi Zakudya Zam'magazi mu Zakudya za Matenda A shuga.
Kodi insulin imagwira ntchito bwanji?
Insulin ndi njira yotulutsira shuga - mafuta - kuchokera m'magazi kupita m'maselo. Insulin imayambitsa "ma glucose" omwe amayendetsa maselo. Awa ndimapuloteni apadera omwe amasunthira mkati kuchokera mkati kupita mkati mwa ma membrane akunja owoneka bwino, ndikupeza mamolekyu a glucose, kenako amawasamutsira "mphamvu" zamkati kuti ziwotche.
Glucose amalowa m'maselo a chiwindi ndi minofu motsogozedwa ndi insulin, monga zimakhala zina zonse za thupi, kupatula ubongo. Koma pamalopo sichimawotchedwa pomwepo, koma imasungidwa momwemo glycogen. Izi ndi zinthu ngati wowuma. Ngati palibe insulini, ndiye kuti omwe amayendetsa glucose amagwira ntchito molakwika, ndipo maselo sawatenga mokwanira kuti azigwira ntchito zofunika. Izi zimagwira minyewa yonse kupatula ubongo, womwe umadya shuga popanda kutenga insulin.
Chochita china cha insulin mthupi ndichoti mchikakamizo chake, maselo amafuta amatenga shuga m'magazi ndikusintha kukhala mafuta odzadza, omwe amadzisonkhanitsa. Insulin ndiye mahomoni akuluakulu omwe amalimbikitsa kunenepa kwambiri komanso kupewa kunenepa. Kusintha kwa glucose kukhala mafuta ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe shuga ya magazi motsogozedwa ndi insulin imachepa.
Kodi gluconeogeneis
Ngati magazi a shuga atsika pang'onopang'ono ndipo mphamvu zama carbohydrate (glycogen) zatha kale, ndiye kuti m'maselo a chiwindi, impso ndi matumbo, njira yosinthira mapuloteniwo kukhala shuga. Njirayi imatchedwa "gluconeogeneis", imachedwa kwambiri komanso siyothandiza. Nthawi yomweyo, thupi la munthu silingathe kutembenuza glucose kukhala mapuloteni. Komanso, sitikudziwa momwe angasinthire mafuta kukhala glucose.
Mwa anthu athanzi labwino, ndipo ngakhale odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, kapamba amene amakhala mu "kusala" nthawi zonse amapanga insulin. Chifukwa chake, insulin yaying'ono imakhalapo mthupi lonse. Izi zimatchedwa "basal," kutanthauza "chikhazikitso" cha insulin m'mwazi. Zimayimira chiwindi, impso, komanso matumbo kuti mapuloteni sayenera kusinthidwa kukhala glucose kuti achulukitse shuga. Kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi "zoletsa" gluconeogeneis, ndiko kuti, kumalepheretsa.
Miyezo ya shuga yamagazi - yovomerezeka komanso yeniyeni
Mwa anthu athanzi lopanda matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kosamalidwa bwino kwambiri - kuyambira 3.9 mpaka 5.3 mmol / L. Ngati mumayesa magazi nthawi iliyonse, mosasamala zakudya, mwa munthu wathanzi, ndiye kuti magazi ake adzakhala pafupifupi 4,7 mmol / L. Tiyenera kulimbana ndi chiwerengerochi mu matenda ashuga, i.e., shuga wamagazi tikatha kudya siapamwamba kuposa 5.3 mmol / L.
Magazi a pachikhalidwe cha shuga ndi okwera kwambiri. Amatsogolera pakupanga zovuta za matenda ashuga mkati mwa zaka 10-20. Ngakhale mwa anthu athanzi, chakudya chikadzaza ndi chakudya chamafuta ambiri, shuga m'magazi amatha kudumphira mpaka 8-9 mmol / l. Koma ngati palibe shuga, ndiye kuti mukatha kudya imayamba kukhala yachilendo kwa mphindi zochepa, ndipo simuyenera kuchita chilichonse chifukwa cha izo. Mu matenda ashuga, "nthabwala" ndi thupi, kumudyetsa woziziritsa mafuta, sizikulimbikitsidwa.
M'mabuku a sayansi azachipatala komanso otchuka pa matenda ashuga, 3.3-6.6 mmol / L komanso mpaka 7.8 mmol / L amadziwika kuti ndi shuga. Mwa anthu athanzi lopanda matenda a shuga, shuga wamagazi samadumphira mpaka 7.8 mmol / L, pokhapokha mutadya zakudya zambiri, kenako pamikhalidwe yotere imatsika kwambiri. Miyezo yachipatala yovomerezeka ya shuga ya magazi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti dokotala “wamba” sayesetsa kwambiri kupeza ndi kuchiza matenda ashuga.
Ngati wodwala m'magazi atadya amadumphira ku 7.8 mmol / l, ndiye kuti izi sizitchulidwa kuti ndi shuga. Mwambiri, wodwala wotereyu amatumizidwa kunyumba osalandira chithandizo chilichonse, ndikuchenjeza omaliza kuti ayese kuchepa thupi pazakudya zochepa zopatsa mphamvu ndikudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, ndikudya zipatso zambiri. Komabe, zovuta za matenda a shuga zimayamba ngakhale mwa anthu omwe shuga yawo itatha kudya sapitirira 6.6 mmol / L. Inde, izi sizichitika mwachangu kwambiri. Koma mkati mwa zaka 10 mpaka 20, ndizothekadi kupeza kulephera kwa impso kapena mavuto amawonedwe. Kuti mumve zambiri, onaninso “Magazi a shuga”.
Kodi magazi a shuga amawongoleredwa bwanji mwa munthu wathanzi
Tiyeni tiwone momwe insulini imayang'anira shuga wa magazi mwa munthu wathanzi wopanda matenda a shuga. Tiyerekeze kuti munthuyu wadya chakudya cham'mawa, ndipo pakudya m'mawa adasenda mbatata ndi chidule - chisakanizo cha chakudya chokhala ndi mapuloteni. Usiku wonse, kuzungulira kwa insulin m'magazi ake kunalepheretsa gluconeogeneis (werengani pamwambapa, zomwe zikutanthauza) ndikukhalabe ndi ndende yambiri ya shuga m'magazi.
Chakudya chokhala ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri chikalowa mkamwa, ma michere am'magazi amayambira kuwola michere "yovuta" kukhala mamolekyu osavuta a glucose, ndipo glucoseyo nthawi yomweyo amatengeka ndi nembanemba. Kuchokera ku chakudya chamagulu, shuga wamagazi amatuluka nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale munthu sanathebe kumeza chilichonse! Ichi ndi chizindikiro kwa kapamba kuti ndi nthawi yoponya mwachangu kuchuluka kwa granules za insulin m'magazi. Gululi lamphamvu kwambiri la insulin lidapangidwa kale ndikusungidwa kuti muigwiritse ntchito mukafunikira "kuphimba" kulumpha mu shuga mutatha kudya, kuphatikiza ndi insulin yambiri m'magazi.
Kutulutsa kofunikira kwa insulin m'magazi kumatchedwa "gawo loyamba la mayankho a insulin." Amachepetsa mwachangu kulumikizidwa koyambirira m'magazi a shuga, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha chakudya chamafuta, ndipo amatha kupewa kuwonjezereka. Mafuta a insulin osungidwa mu kapamba amatha. Ngati ndi kotheka, imapanga insulin yowonjezera, koma zimatenga nthawi. Insulin, yomwe imalowa m'magazi pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, imatchedwa "gawo lachiwiri la kuyankha kwa insulin." Insulin iyi imathandizira kuyamwa glucose, yomwe idachitika pambuyo pake, patatha maola ochepa, mukugaya zakudya zama protein.
Pamene chakudyacho chikugayidwa, glucose akupitilizabe kulowa m'magazi, ndipo kapamba amapanga insulini yowonjezereka kuti "iwononge". Gawo la shuga limasinthidwa kukhala glycogen, chinthu chosakhazikika chomwe chimasungidwa m'maselo am'misempha ndi chiwindi. Pakapita kanthawi, "zotengera" zonse zosungira glycogen zidzaza. Ngati pali shuga wambiri m'magazi, ndiye kuti mothandizidwa ndi insulin, amasintha kukhala mafuta, omwe amawaika m'maselo a adipose minofu.
Pambuyo pake, misempha ya shuga ya ngwazi yathu ikhoza kuyamba kutsika. Mwanjira imeneyi, ma cell a pancreatic alpha adzayamba kupanga mahomoni ena - glucagon. Ndiwotsutsa wa insulini ndipo amadziwonetsa ma cell a minofu ndi chiwindi chomwe glycogen imafunikira kuti isinthidwe kukhala glucose. Pogwiritsa ntchito shuga, shuga m'magazi amatha kukhalanso bwinobwino. Pachakudya chotsatira, masitolo a glycogen adzabwezedwanso.
Makina ofotokozedwa a glucose omwe amagwiritsa ntchito insulin amagwira ntchito kwambiri mwa anthu athanzi, kuthandiza kukhalabe ndi khola la magazi mokhazikika - kuyambira 3.9 mpaka 5.3 mmol / L. Maselo amalandira glucose wokwanira kuti agwire ntchito zawo, ndipo chilichonse chimagwira monga momwe amafunira. Tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chake ndikuchita izi kwaphwanya mtundu 1 komanso matenda a shuga.
Zomwe zimachitika ndi matenda a shuga 1
Tiyerekeze kuti m'malo mwa ngwazi yathu munthu amakhala ndi matenda a shuga 1. Tiyerekeze, usiku asanagone, adalandira jakisoni wa insulin "yowonjezera" ndipo chifukwa cha izi adadzuka ndi shuga wabwinobwino wamagazi. Koma ngati simukuchitapo kanthu, ndiye kuti patapita kanthawi shuga wamagazi ake ayamba kukwera, ngakhale osadya chilichonse. Izi ndichifukwa choti chiwindi nthawi zonse chimatenga insulini m'magazi ndikuwaphwanya. Nthawi yomweyo, pazifukwa zina, m'maola, chiwindi "chimagwiritsa ntchito" insulin kwambiri.
Insulin yowonjezera, yomwe idalowetsedwa madzulo, imatulutsidwa bwino komanso osasunthika. Koma kutulutsa kwake sikokwanira kungophimba chiwindi chakudya ”kwa chiwindi. Chifukwa cha izi, shuga wamagazi amatha kuchuluka m'mawa, ngakhale munthu amene ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 asadye chilichonse. Izi zimatchedwa "chodabwitsa cha m'bandakucha." Zikondamoyo za munthu wathanzi zimatulutsa insulin yokwanira kuti izi zisakhudze shuga. Koma ndi matenda amtundu woyamba, chisamaliro chikuyenera kuchitika kuti "chisasinthe". Werengani apa momwe mungachitire.
Malovu amtundu wa anthu ali ndi ma enzymes amphamvu omwe amaphwanya michere yambiri m'thupi ndikupanga glucose, ndipo imalowa nthawi yomweyo m'magazi. Mwa odwala matenda ashuga, zochitika za ma enzymes amenewa ndizofanana ndi munthu wathanzi. Chifukwa chake, zakudya zamafuta zimapangitsa kulumpha lakuthwa mu shuga. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, maselo a pancreatic beta amapanga insulin yofunikira kapena samatulutsa konse. Chifukwa chake, palibe insulin yopanga gawo loyamba la yankho la insulin.
Ngati panalibe jakisoni wa insulin "yifupi" musanadye, ndiye kuti shuga ya magazi imakwera kwambiri. Glucose sadzasinthidwa kukhala glycogen kapena mafuta. Mapeto ake, gululo limatha kusefukira ndi impso ndikuthira mkodzo. Mpaka izi zichitika, shuga wokwera amatha kuwononga ziwalo zonse ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Nthawi yomweyo, maselo amapitilira "kufa ndi njala" osalandira zakudya. Chifukwa chake, popanda jakisoni wa insulin, wodwala wokhala ndi matenda a 1 amwalira m'masiku ochepa kapena milungu ingapo.
Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa insulin
Kodi zakudya zama shuga a carb otsika ndiziti? Chifukwa chiyani muyenera kusankha pazomwe mukugulitsa? Bwanji osangolowa jakisoni wokwanira kuti akhale ndi madzi okwanira onse omwe amadya? Chifukwa majakisoni a insulin "amaphimba bwino" kuwonjezeka kwa shuga wamagazi omwe zakudya zopatsa thanzi zimayambitsa.
Tiyeni tiwone zovuta zomwe zimapezeka kawirikawiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu 1 komanso momwe angawongolere matendawa moyenera kupewa zovuta. Ichi ndi chidziwitso chofunikira! Lero, ndi "kupezedwa kwa America" kwa ma endocrinologists apabanja, makamaka, kwa odwala matenda a shuga. Popanda kudziona wabodza, ndinu mwayi kwambiri kuti mudafika patsamba lathu.
Insulin yolowetsedwa ndi syringe, kapena ngakhale ndi pampu ya insulin, sigwira ntchito ngati insulin, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapanga kapamba. Insulin ya anthu mu gawo loyambirira la mayankho a insulin nthawi yomweyo imalowa m'magazi ndipo nthawi yomweyo imayamba kutsika shuga. Mu matenda a shuga, jakisoni wa insulin nthawi zambiri amachitika mu mafuta osunthika. Odwala ena omwe amakonda chiopsezo komanso kusangalala, amapanga jakisoni wa intramuscular (musachite izi!). Mulimonsemo, palibe amene amavulala ndi insulin kudzera m'mitsempha.
Zotsatira zake, ngakhale insulin yothamanga kwambiri imayamba kugwira ntchito pambuyo pa mphindi 20. Ndipo mphamvu zake zonse zimawonekera mkati mwa maola 1-2. Izi zisanachitike, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhalabe kokwezeka kwambiri. Mutha kutsimikizira izi mosavuta mwakuyeza shuga m'magazi anu pakatha mphindi 15 mutatha kudya. Izi zimawononga mitsempha, mitsempha yamagazi, maso, impso, ndi zina. Matenda a shuga amakula, ngakhale zolinga zabwino za dotolo ndi wodwala.
Zomwe chithandizo chodziwika bwino cha matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa insulin sichili bwino, chikufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane "" Insulin ndi carbohydrate: chowonadi chomwe muyenera kudziwa. " Ngati mumatsatira zakudya “zachikhalidwe” zomwe zili ndi matenda amtundu woyamba, mathero omvetsa chisoni - imfa kapena kulumala - ndiwosapeweka, ndipo amabwera mwachangu kwambiri kuposa momwe tingafunire. Tikugogomezeranso kuti ngakhale mutasinthira kukhala pampu ya insulin, sichingathandize. Chifukwa amaika insulin m'matumba a subcutaneous.
Zoyenera kuchita? Yankho ndikusinthira ku chakudya chamafuta ochepa kuti muchepetse matenda a shuga. Pazakudya izi, thupi limasintha pang'ono mapuloteni azakudya kukhala glucose, motero, shuga wamagazi amawonjezerabe. Koma zimachitika pang'onopang'ono, ndipo jakisoni wa insulin amakulolani "kuphimba" kuwonjezeka. Zotsatira zake, zitha kuchitika kuti mutatha kudya ndi wodwala matenda a shuga, shuga wamagazi sadzaposa 5.3 mmol / L nthawi iliyonse, ndiye kuti, adzakhala mwamtheradi ngati ali ndi anthu athanzi.
Zakudya Zochepa za Zakudya Zopatsa shuga za Type 1abetes
Zakudya zochepa zomwe munthu amadya matenda ashuga, amakhala ndi insulin yochepa kwambiri yomwe angafune. Pazakudya zamafuta ochepa, mapiritsi a insulin nthawi yomweyo amagwa kangapo. Ndipo izi zili choncho ngakhale poti kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin musanadye, timaganizira kuchuluka kwa zomwe zingafunikire kuphimba mapuloteni omwe adyedwa. Ngakhale mankhwalawa amathandizira odwala matenda ashuga, mapuloteni sawaganizira konse.
Insulin yocheperako yomwe mumafunikira jakisoni, imachepetsa mwayi wamavuto otsatirawa:
- hypoglycemia - kwambiri magazi ochepa;
- kusunga kwamadzi ndi kutupa;
- Kukula kwa insulin kukana.
Ingoganizirani kuti ngwazi yathu, wodwala matenda amtundu 1, asintha kudya zakudya zamafuta ochepa pamndandanda wololedwa. Zotsatira zake, shuga yake yam'magazi sidzadumphira konse "kumwamba", monga momwe zidalili m'mbuyomu pomwe adadya zakudya zabwino "zopatsa thanzi". Gluconeogenesis ndikusintha kwa mapuloteni kukhala glucose. Njirayi imawonjezera shuga m'magazi, koma pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'ono, ndipo ndizosavuta "kuphimba" ndi jakisoni wa insulin yaying'ono musanadye.
Pazakudya zotsika pang'ono zamagulu a shuga, jakisoni wa insulin musanadye chakudya chitha kuwoneka ngati kutsanzira kwachigawo chachiwiri cha kuyankha kwa insulin, ndipo izi ndizokwanira kukhala ndi shuga wokhazikika wamagazi. Tikukumbukiranso kuti mafuta azakudya sakhudzana mwachindunji ndi shuga m'magazi. Ndipo mafuta achilengedwe siowopsa, koma opindulitsa mtima. Amachulukitsa cholesterol yamagazi, koma cholesterol "yabwino" yokha, yomwe imateteza ku vuto la mtima. Izi zitha kudziwika mu nkhani ya "Mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya chamagulu a shuga."
Momwe thupi la munthu wodwala matenda ashuga a 2 limagwirira ntchito
Ngwazi yathu yotsatira, wodwala matenda a shuga a 2, amalemera makilogalamu 112 ndi 78 kg. Mafuta ochulukirapo amakhala pamimba pake ndi m'chiuno mwake. Zikondwerero zake ndikupangabe insulin. Koma popeza kunenepa kwambiri kunayambitsa kukana kwamphamvu kwa insulini (kuchepa kwa minofu kumverera kwa insulin), insulini iyi sikokwanira kusunga shuga wambiri wabwinobwino.
Wodwala akachita bwino kuti achepetse thupi, ndiye kuti kukana insulini kudzadutsa ndipo shuga m'magaziwo amatha kusintha kotero kuti matenda a shuga athe. Komabe, ngati ngwazi yathu isintha mwachangu moyo wake, ndiye kuti ma cell a beta a kapamba wake "adzatentha" kwathunthu ndipo adzayamba kudwala matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba. Zowona, ndi anthu ochepa omwe amakhala ndi izi - nthawi zambiri odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2 amapha kugunda kwa mtima, kulephera kwa impso, kapena zilonda m'miyendo.
Kukana kwa insulin kumachitika chifukwa cha majini, koma makamaka chifukwa cha njira yolakwika. Ntchito yolimbitsa thupi komanso kudya zakudya zamagulu ambiri zimabweretsa kuchuluka kwa minofu ya adipose. Ndipo mafuta ochulukirapo m'thupi omwe amalumikizidwa ndi minofu, amakhala okwera kwambiri pakulimbana ndi insulin. Kapamba adagwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri ndi nkhawa zambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, amatha, ndipo insulin yomwe imatulutsa sikokwanira kuti shuga akhale ndi shuga. Makamaka, kapamba wa munthu wodwala matenda ashuga a 2 samasungira masitolo ena aliwonse a insulin. Chifukwa cha izi, gawo loyamba la yankho la insulini limalephera.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti nthawi zambiri odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2 omwe ali onenepa kwambiri amapanga insulini yochepa kwambiri, ndipo mosinthanitsa - katatu kuposa anzawo omwe amawonda. Panthawi imeneyi, ma endocrinologists nthawi zambiri amalembera mapiritsi - zotumphukira za sulfonylurea - zomwe zimapangitsa kapamba kuti apange insulin yambiri. Izi zimabweretsa "kutentha" kwa kapamba, ndichifukwa chake shuga yachiwiri imasinthidwa kukhala mtundu wa 1 wa shuga.
Shuga wamagazi atatha kudya ndi shuga yachiwiri
Tiyeni tiwone momwe chakudya cham'mawa chophika chosenda ndi chopukutira, i.e. chisakanizo cha chakudya ndi mapuloteni, zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga mu ngwazi yathu. Nthawi zambiri, m'mayambiriro a 2 matenda a shuga, shuga m'magazi m'mimba yopanda kanthu amakhala abwinobwino. Ndimadzifunsa kuti asintha bwanji akatha kudya? Tizikumbukira kuti ngwazi yathu imakondwera kwambiri. Amadyanso chakudya kawiri kawiri kuposa anthu onenepa.
Momwe michere imakopedwa, kumakidwa ngakhale mkamwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo kumachulukitsa shuga wamagazi - zomwe takambirana kale. Wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, chakudya chamafuta amadziwikanso mkamwa momwemo ndikumapangitsa kulumpha kowopsa mu shuga. Poyankha, zikondazo zimatulutsa insulini m'magazi, kuyesa kuzimitsa kulumpha uku. Koma popeza kulibe masheya okonzeka, insulin yaying'ono kwambiri imamasulidwa. Izi zimatchedwa gawo loyamba la mayankho a insulin.
Cancreas athu otchuka amayesetsa kwambiri kupanga insulin yokwanira komanso shuga wotsika wamagazi. Posachedwa, adzapambana ngati matenda a shuga a mtundu 2 sanapite patali ndipo gawo lachiwiri la insulin secretion silinakhudzidwe. Koma kwa maola angapo, shuga wamagazi amakhalabe okwera, ndipo zovuta za matenda ashuga zimayamba panthawiyi.
Chifukwa cha kukana insulini, wodwala wamtundu wa 2 wodwala matenda ashuga amafuna kawiri kawiri insulini kuti amwe chakudya chomwenso chimakhala ndi mnzake wocheperako. Zodabwitsazi zimakhala ndi zotsatira ziwiri. Choyamba, insulini ndiye mahomoni akuluakulu omwe amalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu minofu ya adipose. Mothandizidwa ndi insulin yochulukirapo, wodwalayo amakhala wokulirapo, ndipo kukana kwake kwa insulin kumakulitsidwa. Iyi ndi nthawi yoyipa. Kachiwiri, kapamba amagwira ntchito ndi katundu wambiri, chifukwa ma cell a beta ake "amatopa" kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umamasulira mtundu 1 shuga.
Kukana kwa insulin kumapangitsa kuti maselo asamagwiritse ntchito shuga, omwe wodwala matenda ashuga amalandira ndi chakudya. Chifukwa cha izi, amamvabe ludzu, ngakhale atadya kale zochuluka. Nthawi zambiri, wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 amadya kwambiri, mpaka amamva kupweteka m'mimba, ndipo izi zimawonjezera mavuto ake. Momwe mungachiritsire kukana kwa insulin, werengani apa. Iyi ndi njira yokhayo yosinthira thanzi lanu ndi matenda ashuga a 2.
Kuzindikira ndi zovuta za matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri
Madokotala osaphunzira amakonda kulemba mayeso a shuga othamanga kuti atsimikize kapena kutsimikizira kuti matenda a shuga alipo. Kumbukirani kuti ndi matenda ashuga amtundu 2, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhalabe kwabwinobwino kwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale nthendayo ikapitirira ndipo mavuto a shuga atayamba kutupa. Chifukwa chake, kuyezetsa magazi koyenera m'magulu sikokwanira! Yesani magazi kuti mupeze hemoglobin wa glycated kapena kuyeserera kwa maola awiri pakamwa.
Mwachitsanzo, mwa munthu, shuga yamagazi atatha kudya amadumphira 7.8 mmol / L. Madokotala ambiri omwe ali ndi vutoli salemba kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri, kuti asalembetse wodwalayo komanso asamachite nawo mankhwala. Amalimbikitsa lingaliro lawo chifukwa chakuti wodwalayo amapangabe insulini yokwanira, posakhalitsa shuga wake wamagazi atatha kudya amayamba kuchita bwino. Komabe, muyenera kusinthira nthawi yomweyo kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, ngakhale mutakhala ndi shuga ya 6.6 mmol / L mukatha kudya, komanso makamaka ngati ndiwokwera. Tikuyesa kupereka njira yothandizira komanso yofunikira kwambiri yodalirika yodwala matenda amitundu 1, omwe angathe kuchitidwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi ntchito yambiri.
Vuto lalikulu ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ndikuti thupi limasweka pang'onopang'ono zaka makumi angapo, ndipo izi sizimayambitsa zizindikiro zopweteka mpaka litachedwa. Wodwala matenda ashuga a mtundu 2, omwe ali ndi zabwino zambiri kuposa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba. Mwazi wake wamagazi sudzafika pamlingo waukulu ngati wodwala matenda ashuga 1 akaphonya jakisoni wa insulin. Ngati gawo lachiwiri la mayankho a insulini silikukhudzidwa kwambiri, ndiye kuti shuga, popanda kugawana nawo wodwalayo, angagwe bwinobwino pakangotha maola ochepa mutatha kudya. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 sangayembekezere "freebie" ngati imeneyi.
Momwe mungachitire bwino matenda a shuga a 2
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, njira zochizira zowonjezereka zimayambitsa kutsika kwa zikondwerero, ndipo "kutentha" kwa maselo ake a beta kumachepera.
Zoyenera kuchita:
- Werengani kuti mudziwe kukana insulini. Ikufotokozanso momwe mungachitire.
- Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi mita ya glucose yolondola (momwe mungachitire izi), ndikuyezera shuga lanu la magazi kangapo patsiku.
- Yang'anani mwapadera miyezo ya shuga ya magazi mukatha kudya, komanso pamimba yopanda kanthu.
- Sinthani ku chakudya chochepa chamafuta.
- Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi mosangalala. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikofunikira.
- Ngati kudya ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi sikokwanira ndipo shuga akadakwezedwa, imwani mapiritsi a Siofor kapena Glucofage.
- Ngati zonse pamodzi - zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi Siofor - sizithandiza mokwanira, ndiye kuti jekeseni insulin. Werengani nkhani yakuti "Kuthandiza anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi insulin." Choyamba, insulin yayitali imayikidwa usiku ndi / kapena m'mawa, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, inenso insulini yochepa musanadye.
- Ngati mukufuna jakisoni wa insulin, tengani dongosolo la insulin yothandizira ndi endocrinologist wanu. Nthawi yomweyo, musataye zakudya zamafuta ochepa, ngakhale adotolo anganene chiyani.
- Nthawi zambiri, insulini iyenera kuvulazidwa kokha kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2 omwe amakhala aulesi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Chifukwa cha kuchepa thupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mosangalatsa, kukana insulini kudzachepa. Ngati chithandizo chinayambika panthawi yake, ndiye kuti ndizotheka kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi wamba popanda jakisoni wa insulin. Ngati jakisoni wa insulin afunikira, matendawa amakhala ochepa. Zotsatira zake zimakhala moyo wathanzi, wachimwemwe wopanda zovuta za matenda ashuga, kuukalamba kwambiri, ku nsanje ya anzanga "athanzi".
