Matenda a shuga amayambitsa mavuto a ziwalo zonse zofunika. Pakati pawo, chiwindi ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayamba kuvutika, pamene magazi amadutsa nthawi yonseyi. Chimodzi mwazochita za gululi ndikupanga ndikusungitsa glycogen carbohydrate reservine ndikuwongolera kagayidwe. Chifukwa cha zovuta za endocrine, kuchuluka kwa magazi mu chiwindi kumakulirakulira, pomwe amayenera kutsukidwa ndi poizoni, mahomoni, ziwengo ndi zinthu zomaliza za kagayidwe. Koma pali chiyanjano chosagwirizana, chifukwa matenda ena a chiwindi enieniwo amatha kupangitsa kuti matenda ashuga a 2 akhale. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi komanso kugona mokwanira.
Ntchito ya chiwindi mu chakudya kagayidwe
Chiwindi ndi gawo la glucose, lomwe limasungidwa mu mawonekedwe a glycogen polysaccharide, wopangidwa ndi zotsalira zambiri za chakudya. Ndi kufunikira kwachilengedwe, mothandizidwa ndi michere, glycogen imasweka mpaka glucose, ndipo imalowa m'magazi. Njira yofunika ya biochemical, gluconeogeneis, imachitikanso m'chiwindi. Ndimomwe zimapangidwira ndikupanga shuga kuchokera ku zinthu zina zachilengedwe. Gluconeogenesis imalola kuti thupi libwezereni chakudya m'malo okhala kwambiri: mwa kufooketsa thupi mwamphamvu ndi kufa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Matenda a shuga ndi chiwindi zimagwirizana kwambiri, ndipo izi zimakhudza thanzi la wodwalayo komanso mkhalidwe wake wonse. M'maselo a chiwalochi, kuchuluka kwa ma enzymes ofunikira pakupanga glucose amachepetsa. Chifukwa cha izi, amalowa m'magazi m'miyeso yayikulu kwambiri kuposa momwe amafunikira. Izi sizimayima ngakhale ndi hyperglycemia, ngakhale zili mwanjira zoterezi chiwindi chimayenera kusiya kuponya shuga m'magazi ndikuyamba kupanga depo ya glycogen.
Gluconeogeneis ndizofala zomwe zimachitika mu shuga mellitus, chifukwa pomwe wodwalayo amatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Makinawa amathanso kugwira ntchito molakwika, ndipo samangoyamba munthawi zokhazo akafunika. Adipose minofu ya chiwindi imachulukanso voliyumu chifukwa chosowa insulin mu mtundu 1 shuga komanso kuchuluka kwa triglycerides. Izi zimabweretsa mafuta a chiwindi hepatosis ndi kuchuluka kwake kwakuchulukirapo, kusokonekera kwa magwiridwe antchito komanso mavuto ammimba.
Matenda a shuga a Type 1 nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi hepatitis osachiritsika. Poyerekeza ndi maziko a pancreatic pathology, wodwalayo amatha kuyamba kupanga chitetezo chotsutsana ndi maselo a chiwindi chake. Pankhaniyi, tikulankhula za autoimmune hepatitis, yomwe imafuna kuyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala mosalekeza.
Kupezeka kwa pathologies mu kapamba nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa vuto la chiwindi komanso mosemphanitsa, chifukwa ntchito zawo zimagwirizana kwambiri
Cirrhosis ndi mafuta hepatosis
Cirrhosis ndimatenda a chiwindi omwe amakhala osakhazikika mwachilengedwe ndipo amadziwika ndi kuphwanya mtundu wake wachilengedwe. Minofu yolumikizira imayamba kukula kwambiri, ndipo kusintha kwamphamvu mumaselo ake ogwirira ntchito. Zonsezi zimabweretsa kuthekera kwa ntchito yonse ya thupi komanso kuwonongeka kwa thanzi la wodwalayo.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a cirrhosis ndi monga:
- matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus;
- uchidakwa
- zotupa m'mimba;
- helminthic infestations.
Chifukwa cha kudwala matenda enaake, chiwindi sichingagonjetse insulin mokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi ake azikula. Kuzindikira kwa minyewa ku timadzi timeneti kumachepa, munthu amakula ndi kagayidwe kachakudya koyambitsa matenda a shuga.
Ngati matenda amitsempha yayambika kale motsutsana ndi matenda a shuga, omwe ndi osowa kwambiri, matulukidwe ake amakhala osavomerezeka, ndipo maphunzirowo amafulumira. Chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa metabolic, thupi la wodwalayo limafooka ndipo silingathe kukana matenda ena. Cirrhosis mu odwala matenda ashuga ndiwovuta kwambiri kuchiza poyerekeza ndi odwala omwe alibe vuto la carbohydrate metabolism. Izi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe madokotala amalephera kupereka mowa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.
Mafuta a hepatosis ndi vuto lopweteka la chiwindi momwe mafuta ochulukirapo amatsimikizika mu kapangidwe kake. Mafuta ochulukirapo amalepheretsa kugwira ntchito mwachizolowezi, chifukwa chomwe wodwala amakhala ndi vuto la metabolic ndikuwonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira shuga. Koma hepatosis imatha kupezeka mwa anthu omwe ali kale ndi matenda ashuga 1. Chifukwa cha kusalinganika kwa mahomoni m'maselo a chiwindi, kusintha kowawa kumayamba, komwe kumatha kupewa mothandizidwa ndi zakudya komanso kumwa mankhwala pafupipafupi.
Ma pathologies ambiri a chiwindi amatha kutsimikiza ndi ultrasound.
Zizindikiro za Mavuto
Sikuti nthawi zonse matenda a chiwindi amayamba kuvutitsa wodwalayo akangoyamba kumene. Ngakhale kunenepa kwambiri kwa chiwindi kungakhale asymptomatic, kuwonjezera apo, kumatha kuchitika osati kokha, komanso ndi kunenepa kwakanthawi. Ululu mu chiwindi umachitika pokhapokha kapisozi kapena ducts ya bile ikakokedwa mu dongosolo la pathological.
Sikoyenera kuchezerana ndi dokotala ngati munthu akuwona izi:
- kulemera m'mimba mutatha kudya;
- kupweteka mu hypochondrium yoyenera;
- kulawa kowawa mkamwa pakumwa kopanda kanthu kapena mutatha kudya;
- kutulutsa nthawi zonse;
- kusanza ndi kusanza
- zotupa pakhungu;
- pafupipafupi thupi lawo siligwirizana.
Zokha, izi sizimangowonetsa mavuto a chiwindi, koma ndi dokotala wokhazikika amene angadziwe izi ndikukhazikitsa chomwe chimayambitsa vuto. Kuphatikiza pa kuyesedwa kwakunja ndi khunyu yam'mimba, njira zowonjezera zowerengera ndi zida zothandizira zitha kuperekedwa kwa munthu.
Pali mathero ochepa a mitsempha m'dera la chiwindi, ngati vuto litachitika, silingamveke kwa nthawi yayitali. Ichi ndichifukwa chake pamafunika kukayezetsa pafupipafupi ndi dokotala, ngakhale ngati palibe chomwe chimapweteka mwa munthu
Zizindikiro
Kuzindikira kwakanthawi zamatenda a chiwindi kumakupatsani mwayi woti muyambe kulandira chithandizo chofunikira ndikuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda akulu mtsogolo. Odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amayenera kuyesa kuwunika kwa chiwindi, chikhodzodzo ndi dongosolo la biliary kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Kuchokera ku kafukufuku wa labotoreti pofotokoza momwe ntchito ya chiwalochi ilili, kuyezetsa magazi kwamwazi ndi kothandiza:
Matenda a shuga ndi kuchuluka kwa amuna- ntchito ya enzyme AST ndi ALT (aspartate aminotransferase ndi alanine aminotransferase);
- mulingo wa bilirubin (mwachindunji komanso osadziwika);
- kuchuluka kwamapuloteni onse;
- albhamuin ndende;
- kuchuluka kwa zamchere phosphatase (ALP) ndi gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT).
Ndi zotsatira za kusanthula uku (amatchedwanso "kuyesa kwa chiwindi") komanso kutha kwa kuyezetsa magazi, wodwalayo ayenera kuwona dokotala, ndipo ngati apatuka ku chizolowezi, musadziyese. Pambuyo pokhazikitsa kuzindikira koyenera komanso kudziwikiratu, katswiri angalimbikitse chithandizo chofunikira, poganizira mawonekedwe a matenda a shuga.
Chithandizo
Popeza chiwindi chimakonda kuvutika chifukwa chodwala mankhwalawa. Monga lamulo, izi zikuphatikiza:
- mankhwala oyambira omwe amathandizira kukonza kagayidwe kazakudya (insulin kapena mapiritsi);
- hepatoprotectors (mankhwala oteteza chiwindi ndikuwonjezera ntchito yake);
- ursodeoxycholic acid (imathandiza kutuluka kwa ndulu ndipo imateteza kutupa);
- mavitamini ndi michere;
- lactulose (yoyeretsa thupi nthawi zonse mwanjira yachilengedwe).
Maziko a mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zakudya. Ndi matenda a chiwindi, wodwalayo amatha kutsatira mfundo zakupatsa thanzi zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kwa onse odwala matenda ashuga. Chakudya chofatsa komanso chakudya chamafuta chokwanira chimathandizira kagayidwe kachakudya kagayidwe kachakudya, ndipo kapangidwe kake kamakonzedwe kabwino ka zakudya kamare kamachepetsa shuga. Kuchokera pazakudya za wodwalayo, shuga ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndimtundu wake, buledi woyera ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi ufa, maswiti, nyama zamafuta ndi nsomba, nyama zomwe zimanunkhidwa ndi maapulo sizimayikidwa konse. Ndi bwinonso kukana masamba osankhidwa, chifukwa, ngakhale zili ndi zochepa zama calorie komanso mafuta ochepa, zimatha kukhumudwitsa kapamba ndikuwonjezera chikhalidwe cha chiwindi.
Mankhwala ena ochizira matenda a shuga ali ndi hepatotoxicity. Awa ndi katundu wopanda pake, womwe umabweretsa kusokonekera kwa chiwindi komanso kusintha kowawa m'maganizo mwake. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, posankha mankhwala okhazikika, ndikofunikira kuti endocrinologist iganizire za ma nuances onse ndikudziwitsa wodwalayo za zoyipa zomwe zingachitike komanso zizindikiro zoopsa. Kuwona shuga pafupipafupi komanso kuunikiridwa pafupipafupi kuyezetsa magazi kumathandiza kuti tidziwe nthawi yoyambira mavutowo ndikuwongolera mankhwalawo.
