Matenda a shuga amatchedwa endocrinopathy, omwe amawonetsedwa ndi kuperewera kwa insulini kapena mahomoni opindika a pancreatic. Njira zonsezi zimayambitsa hyperglycemia (shuga yayikulu magazi). Mkhalidwe wamatumbo umadalira chibadwa chamunthu, koma kunenepa kwambiri, kuperewera kwa thanzi, moyo wopanda ntchito, ndi matenda omwe angayambitse zochita za autoimmune mthupi amatengedwa kuti ndi zinthu zoyambitsa.
Matendawa ali ndi mitundu ingapo, ambiri ndi awiri.
Type 1 shuga mellitus amawonekera poti zida zama inshuwaransi sizitha kutulutsa insulin yokwanira. Chifukwa cha izi, maselo ndi minyewa yathupi lomwe limafalikira zimavutika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa glucose, motero mphamvu. Kupatula apo, ndi insulin yomwe imayenera kuyendetsa mamolekyulu a shuga m'maselo.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa "matenda okoma", monga momwe shuga amatchulidwira, ndi chifukwa chakuti maselo amthupi amasiya kuzindikira zomwe zimapangitsa insulini ikapangidwa bwino. Zotsatira zake ndizofanana - shuga wambiri amakhalabe m'magazi, ndipo zotumphukira zake zimadwala pakutha mphamvu.
Chifukwa chiyani odwala matenda ashuga amafunika kuwongolera pazakudya?
Carbohydrate metabolism imawerengedwa kuti ndiyo maziko opezera mphamvu zamagetsi kuti zizitha kugwira ntchito zofunika kwambiri. Izi ndi motere:
- Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zimalowa m'thupi ndipo zimalowa m'matumbo. Apa imagawidwa m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, kuphatikizapo monosaccharides.
- Glucose womasulidwa amamwetsedwa m'makoma am'mimba ndipo amalowa m'magazi. Hyperglycemia yaifupi yochepa imachitika.
- Zikondwererozo zimalandira chisonyezo choti shuga ya magazi ndi yokwera kuposa zokhazokha, motero, amatulutsa gawo lina la insulin.
- Zinthu zomwe zimagwira mu ma cell zimasamutsa mamolekyulu a shuga kupita ku zotumphukira, "zimawatsegulira" khomo kuti alowe mkati mwa maselo. Popanda insulini, njirayi simapitilira, ndipo glucose onse amakhalabe m'magazi.
- Kuchulukana kwachilengedwe kumachitika mkati mwa maselo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi ndi mphamvu zina zimapangidwe kuchokera ku shuga.
Chiwembu cha nthawi ya chakudya kagayidwe kachakudya mu thupi la munthu
Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kuwongolera njira yomwe kudya chakudya chamagulu am'thupi kumatha, chifukwa magawo ofunikira a saccharide metabolism amakhala ndi vuto. Zakudya zamagalimoto ochepera komanso zama calorie ochepa a shuga 2 zimapangitsa kuti wodwalayo azitha kulemera, kuchepetsa nkhawa pa kapamba ndi ziwalo zina zamkati, ndikuchotsa cholesterol yambiri mthupi.
Malamulo akuluakulu a chithandizo chamankhwala odwala matenda ashuga
Akatswiri amalangizidwa kuti asamachotse zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chamagulu am'mimba, ndikuzisintha ndi mbale zomwe zimakhala ndi CHIKWANGWANI kwambiri komanso zakudya zina.
Lamulo lina lalikulu ndikukana shuga kwathunthu. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mu mawonekedwe ake oyera (mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezeredwa tiyi), komanso ngati gawo la mbale (chodzikonzera chokha, makeke). Akatswiri amati ndibwino kupatsa chidwi ndi zokometsera kapena zachilengedwe, zomwe zingafotokozeredwe mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.
Ndikofunikira kuyang'anira momwe thupi lam'magazi liliri. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zopewetsa zovuta za matenda ashuga. Wodwala amayenera kumwa mpaka malita 1.5-2 amadzimadzi tsiku lililonse, kuphatikiza muzakudya zake osangomwa madzi opanda mpweya, komanso tiyi wobiriwira, zakumwa zosapsa za zipatso, timadziti tatsopano tofinyira, ma compotes.
Munthawi yamatenda owoneka bwino a shuga, thupi la munthu limagwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwamafuta ndi mavitamini. Zinthu zambiri zimathiridwa mkodzo chifukwa cha polyuria, motero ndikofunikira kuti zibwezeretsenso zomwe zimasungidwa. Wodwala ayenera kuphatikizapo zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi calcium, magnesium, ayodini, potaziyamu, chitsulo, selenium ndi manganese.
Mavitamini ndi ma microelements amayenera kulowa mthupi la munthu osachepera Mlingo wocheperako, koma tsiku ndi tsiku
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zimakhazikika pazakudya 5-6 patsiku m'thupi. Pakati pa chakudya cham'mawa, chakudya chamasana ndi chakudya chamadzulo, odwala ayenera kudya zazakudya zam'mawa kuti apewe kumva njala komanso kudya kwambiri zomwe zimatsatira.
Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kusiya zakumwa zonse zomwe zimaphatikizapo ethanol kapena zotumphukira zake. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kuli kovuta ndikupanga zomwe zimachedwa hypoglycemia, zomwe zimakhala zowopsa pazotsatira zake. Kuphatikiza apo, mowa umawononga maselo a chiwindi ndi kapamba, impso, ndi ubongo.
Momwe mungasankhire zinthu pazosankha zanu zokha
Zakudya za matenda a shuga a 2 zimakhazikika pazisonyezo zingapo za zakudya ndi mbale:
- glycemic index;
- index insulin;
- zopatsa mphamvu;
- Chiwerengero cha mapuloteni, lipids ndi chakudya.
Mlozera wa insulin
Ichi ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimawerengeredwa kale m'mayunitsi, omwe amafotokoza kuchuluka kwa kapamba omwe amayenera kutulutsa insulin yomwe imagwira ntchito m'magazi kotero ndikokwanira kubwezeretsa shuga ku nthawi yayitali atatha kudya. Nthawi zambiri, odwala matenda ashuga amadalira insulin index. Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri, momwemonso zinthuzo zimafunikira ngati wodwalayo apezeka ndi mankhwala a insulin ndipo zida zake za insulin zatha.
Zogulitsa zomwe zimakhala ndi manambala amitundu yayikulu ya insulin ndi monga:
- buledi ndi kuphika;
- mkaka
- mbatata yophika;
- Confectionery
- yogati.
Njira zoyambira pokonzekera kukonza zakudya zathanzi zithandiza akatswiri oyenerera
Nyama zopanda nsomba ndi nsomba zimatumizidwa ku gulu la zogulitsa zomwe zili ndi ma AI otsogola, ndipo maesli, buckwheat, oatmeal, ndi mazira ali otsika kwambiri. Mwa njira, odwala amaloledwa kudya mazira a nkhuku pang'ono - osapitirira zidutswa ziwiri patsiku, ndipo ndikofunikira kuphatikizira yolks mumenyu), koma mazira a zinziri amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri azakudya kuti adye mpaka zidutswa 6 patsiku popanda mantha.
Mlozera wa Glycemic
Chizindikirochi chawerengezedwanso zinthu zonse. Palinso matebulo apadera omwe deta idalembedwa. Glycemic index ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa zomwe mankhwala enaake kapena mbale zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa glycemia m'thupi. Mkulu akachuluka, mankhwalawo amayamba msanga m'magazi a anthu atatha kudya.
Kodi ndingadye chiyani ndi tebulo la 2 shuga +Zolemba zamagulu amawerengedwa mogwirizana ndi index ya glucose (GI yake ndi 100 ndipo imawerengedwa monga muyezo womwe gwero limapangidwira). Mndandanda wamtundu wa glycemic womwewo ungasinthe, zimatengera zinthu izi:
- kukonza zinthu;
- mtundu wamagulu ampweya;
- kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni komanso mafuta mu kapangidwe kake;
- kupezeka kwa CHIKWANGWANI chamafuta.
Zopatsa mphamvu
Pogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro ichi, mutha kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe thupi lamunthu limalandira kuchokera ku chinthu china, mbale. Zambiri za caloric zili ndi zinthu zokha, komanso zakumwa. Zakudya za matenda amtundu wa 2 zimakhudzanso kuwerengera kwa calorie tsiku lililonse, ndiye kuti, kuchuluka kwa zopatsa mphamvu zomwe munthu ayenera kulandira mkati mwa maola 24.
Dongosolo la endocrinologist kapena lothandizira limathandizira kudziwa zomwe zili tsiku ndi tsiku zopatsa mphamvu kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, ndipo muzochitika zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala, manambala amatha kusiyanasiyana. Kalori amadalira:
- kuyambira wazaka zodwala;
- malamulo oyendetsera thupi;
- jenda
- kukula;
- zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku;
- mulingo wakuchita zolimbitsa thupi;
- kulemera kwa thupi
- kuchuluka kwa kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kachakudya.
Kodi ndibwino kuphatikiza chiyani menyu, ndipo ndichotani?
Kotero kuti shuga asatuluke, chakudya chamtundu wa 2 shuga chimaphatikizira magawo azinthu zonse m'magulu angapo. Yoyamba - zakudya zomwe zimatha kudyedwa popanda choletsa, chachiwiri - zakudya zomwe zingadyedwe, koma zochuluka. Gulu lachitatu ndi loletsedwa, ndiye kuti, ndibwino kusiya kwathunthu odwala matenda ashuga.
Masamba ndi zipatso
Ili ndiye gulu logulika. Minda yambiri imakhala ndi mitengo yotsika ya glycemic; mabedi amtundu wobiriwira amaonedwa kuti ndi othandiza. Malo oyamba mwa oyimira otetezeka komanso opindulitsa ndi sipinachi. Ndizabwino kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuchepa thupi, chifukwa ndi mchere wambiri, vitamini A ndi folic acid.
Zamasamba - gulu la zinthu zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonzera appetizer, saladi, maphunziro oyamba, mbale zam'mbali
Sipinachi amatsatiridwa ndi phwetekere. Amawerengedwa ngati mankhwala otsika-kalori, gwero la ascorbic acid, beta-carotene ndi potaziyamu. Kuphatikiza apo, chinthu chomwe chimapatsa phwetekere ndi mtundu woyenera imawonedwa ngati antioxidant wamphamvu. Amamanga ndikuchotsa ma radicals omasuka m'thupi, amateteza kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi ndi myocardium.
Wina shuga wabwino masamba ndi broccoli. Akatswiri pakukula kwa zakudya zopatsa thanzi amalimbikitsa kusankha chinthu chobiriwira chakudyacho ndikuchigwiritsa ntchito mukangogula. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri amalowa m'thupi.
Nkhaka ndi m'modzi mwa atsogoleri omwe ali ndi zopatsa mphamvu zopatsa mphamvu, ndichifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino muzakudya zingapo. Muli kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa ascorbic acid, potaziyamu ndi vitamini K.
Zakudya za matenda a shuga a 2 zimalimbikitsa kuphatikizapo zipatso zotsatirazi m'zakudya zanu:
- mabulosi abulosi - mabulosi omwe amathandizira ntchito ya wopenda mawonedwe, amakhudza bwino mkhalidwe wagaya chakudya, ali ndi ma Saccharides ochepa pakapangidwe;
- yamatcheri - idyani mwatsopano (kupanikizana, zipatso zouma ziyenera kutayidwa chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa shuga mu kapangidwe), mwanjira ya ma compotes;
- pichesi - kuphatikiza zonunkhira, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga yogati, compote, tiyi;
- apulo - ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yopanda mawonekedwe, ndikofunikira kudya pamodzi ndi peel;
- Apurikoti - ali ndi mitundu yambiri yazakudya momwe amapangidwira, zomwe zimakhudza ntchito ya chakudya cham'mimba ndipo zimawonjezera pang'onopang'ono ziwerengero za glycemia mutatha kudya.
Nyama ndi nsomba
Memo ya matenda ashuga ikugogomezera kuti nyama zokhazokha ndi nsomba zomwe zimatha kuphatikizidwa menyu. Ndikwabwino kukana nkhumba nkomwe, makamaka nthawi yoyamba atatsimikizira kuti ali ndi matendawa. Njira yabwino ndi nyama ya nkhuku, kalulu, ng'ombe, nkhuku.
Nyama ndi mapuloteni omwe amafunikira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino, kupangidwa kwa maselo atsopano, ndikukonzanso chitetezo chokwanira pamalo okwera, motero palibe chifukwa chokana izo. Ndikofunika kudya mpaka 500-700 g ya mankhwala sabata limodzi, kugawa wogawana masana. Mwachilengedwe, iyenera kuphikika pogwiritsa ntchito kudyetsa, kuwira, kuphika mu uvuni, kusenda.
Nyama zotsekemera zimayenera kukhala zochepa, popeza zimakhala ndi lipids zovulaza. Njira yabwino kwambiri imayesedwa kuti ndi yophika ng'ombe. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ma appetizer kapena saladi.
Nsomba ndilinso ndi mapuloteni, omwe, mwanjira, samakhala otsika kuposa nyama. Zogulitsa nsomba zimakhala ndi omega-3 ndi omega-6 mafuta acids, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa zotupa zamtundu wa atherosselotic, zimathandizira ntchito ya mtima, ubongo.
Zakudya zochepa zam'madzi zimatha kudyedwa limodzi ndi nsomba
Kwa odwala matenda ashuga, zotsatirazi zikulimbikitsidwa:
- trout;
- zander;
- carp crucian;
- nsomba;
- Pollock
Zofunika! Vuto lina ndi mafuta a nsomba. Mapindu ake adatsimikizidwanso chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa mafuta a omega-3 acid.
Mbale
Phindu la mbewu monga chimanga limaphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwake Thupi limakulolani kuti muwonjezere shuga pang'onopang'ono m'magazi, kusintha makina am'mimba, kukhutitsa thupi la munthu wodwala wokhala ndi ma macro- komanso ma microelements othandiza, mavitamini.
Nutritionists amalimbikitsa kudya zosaposa 200 g za malonda panthawi imodzi, makamaka pakudya cham'mawa.
Phala yamtundu wanji yomwe ingaphatikizidwe mumenyu:
- Mapira - olemera ma amino acid, mafuta acids, mavitamini a B-angapo. Itha kudyedwa nthawi zambiri, ndikosayenera kuphatikiza ndi mkaka. Millet imalimbitsa chitetezo chathupi, minofu, imathandizira njira yochotsa poizoni.
- Oatmeal - mutha kudya tsiku ndi tsiku, koma muyenera kukumbukira kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu (momwe njira, zopopera zimayimiriridwa ndi fiber ndi zakudya, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amaloledwa shuga).
- Buckwheat - ali ndi manambala wamba a glycemic index, ali olemera mu magnesium, chitsulo. Croup imatha kuthana ndi maselo a khansa, imawonedwa ngati antioxidant wamphamvu.
- Perlovka - ili ndi GI yotsika, ili ndi mavitamini a B angapo, omwe amalimbitsa boma lamanjenje. Sikulimbikitsidwa kudya zochuluka kwa azimayi omwe ali ndi pakati komanso omwe akuvutika ndi kutulutsa.
- Mamalyga - imadziwika kuti ndi malo osungirako mavitamini A ndi tocopherol, omwe amakupatsani mwayi wowerengera, mawonekedwe a khungu, mucous nembanemba, ofunikira kwa matenda ashuga.
Zofunika! Lolani phala yololedwa sabata yonse kuti chakudya chisamakhale chambiri.
Zinthu mkaka wowawasa
Mkaka ndi chololedwa cha "matenda okoma". Kuti mugwiritse ntchito, muyenera kutsatira malamulo osavuta. Mulingo watsiku ndi tsiku ndi 250-400 ml, ndipo mkaka uzikhala ndi mafuta ochepa. Ndikwabwino kuphatikiza mkaka wa ng ombe mzakudya, popeza mbuzi ya mbuzi imakhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso mafuta ambiri.
Mkaka uli ndi zinthu zomwe zingakhudze bwino matumbo microflora, kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, komanso kutsika kwama cholesterol m'mitsempha.
Zina zololedwa ndi kefir. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi izi:
- mafuta ochepa;
- chilengedwe;
- kutsitsimuka kwakukulu;
- kusowa kwa zonunkhira (kuyankhula za yoghurts, ngati kuphika kunyumba, mutha kuwonjezera zipatso zosaphatikizidwa).
Kukonzekera yogati nokha si ntchito yovuta, mankhwalawa amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuvala masaladi
Othandizira azakudya amalimbikitsa kuphatikiza whey, tchizi chochepa kwambiri, tchizi chokoleti, zonona wowawasa mu menyu a shuga. Ngati tikulankhula za kirimu wowawasa, pano, m'malo mwake, akatswiri amalangizidwa kuti azidya malonda ogulitsira, chifukwa zonunkhira wowoneka ngati wowonda kapena zonona ali ndi mafuta ambiri.
Mowa
Maganizo onena ngati mowa umaloledwa kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga.Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti mowa umasemphana ndi zilizonse, pomwe ena amati ndizotheka kumwa zakumwa zapamwamba kwambiri. Chowonadi ndichakuti kutha kumwa mowa kwathunthu kumatengera gawo la matendawa. Kuchepa pang'ono kumalola kumwa 200 ml wa vinyo wofiira kapena 50-70 ml ya zakumwa makumi anayi a centigrade pamadyerero amodzi.
Ndi kuwonongeka, muyenera kusiyiratu kumwa, chifukwa panthawiyi wodwala ali ndi vuto la ziwalo zamkati, dongosolo lamanjenje, impso, maso. Kumwa mowa kumathandizanso kupanga chitukuko cha hypoglycemia. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chikuwonetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi pansi pazomwe zimachitika, zomwe sizimachitika mutangomwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa, koma pakapita nthawi (nthawi zambiri mumaloto).
Ngati mankhwala a endocrinologist amalola kugwiritsa ntchito mowa wochepa, malamulo otsatirawa ayenera kuonedwa:
- perekani mowa pamimba yopanda kanthu;
- onetsetsani kuchuluka kwakudya pachakudya;
- fufuzani shuga m'magazi musanamwe komanso maola ochepa pambuyo pake;
- imwani mowa wokhazikika;
- akumbutseni munthu wapamtima kapena mnzake yemwe ali ndi inu kuti muli ndi matenda (ndikofunikira kuti wina athe kuwongolera zakunja kwanu);
- kuwerengetsa moyenera kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe ikufunika pobayira jakisoni matenda a shuga.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zotsekemera ndi matenda 2
Nutritionists amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera zachilengedwe kapena zopangira, ndikusiya shuga kwathunthu. Zomwe zimachokera mwachilengedwe ndi mapulo manyuchi, stevia Tingafinye, uchi, fructose. Pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zonsezi komanso zinthu zonse m'zakudya, muyenera kuzikumbukira mukamawerenga kalori.
Kutsekemera kwa gramu ya stevia yotulutsa kumakhala kofanana ndi kutsekemera kwa magalamu 300 a shuga
Stevia ndi chomera chomwe kutulutsa kwake kumakhala ndi kutsekemera kwakukulu, koma sikukula glycemia. Kuphatikiza apo, Stevia amalimbana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, amakhala ndi katundu wokodzetsa, ndipo amalepheretsa ntchito zofunika za tizilombo tina ndi bowa.
Zoyimira m'malo:
- cyclamate
- saccharin
- machitidwe
Kutsatira upangiri wa akatswiri oyenerera, mutha kusunga matendawa m'malo obwezeretsedweratu, nthawi yomwe imakhalapo chifukwa chovuta kwambiri kwanthawi yayitali ndikukhalabe ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri.
