Monga ziwerengero zamdziko lapansi zikuwonetsa, chiwerengero cha odwala matenda a shuga chikuwonjezeka pachaka ndi 0.2-0,5%. Kufalikira kwamatenda kotereku kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo - kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, kunenepa kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala zowona makamaka zakunja, kupsinjika nthawi zambiri, kumangokhala phee, ndi zina zambiri.
Chizindikiro chakukula kwa matenda a shuga ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komwe kumakulitsa kwambiri mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo - kutopa kumawonekera, pakamwa pouma komanso kugona mosalekeza kumayamba kuvuta, pali thukuta lochulukirapo, kufupika ndi zina zambiri. Tsoka ilo, matendawa ndi osachiritsika, chifukwa chake odwala onse ayenera kuchita chinthu chimodzi chokha - kuyang'anira shuga yamagazi nthawi zonse m'matenda a shuga ndikuletsa kuti isakwere potsatira ndondomeko ya zakudya komanso kumwa mankhwala apadera.
Magazi a m'magazi amagwira ntchito
Glucose simalowa mthupi la munthu mthupi lake (pokhapokha ngati njira yolumikizira mafupa kapena mtsempha wamkati mwanjira ya mankhwala). Kuchuluka kwake kumapangidwa ndi chiwindi, koma zambiri zimalowa mthupi mwachindunji ndi chakudya monga shuga. S shuga iyi imakonzedwa ndikuuphika muzinthu zingapo, kenako ndikuziyika m'magazi. Ntchito iyi imachitidwa ndi insulin, yomwe imapangidwa ndi kapamba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kukula kwa matenda ashuga kumalumikizidwa ndi kusokoneza pakugwira ntchito kwa thupilo.
Komabe, ziyenera kudziwika kuti shuga ndi yamitundu iwiri - mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2. Poyambirira, pali kuchepa kwa kupanga kwa insulin ndi kapamba ndipo amadziwika kuti amadalira insulin, yemwe nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha cholowa. Ndipo chachiwiri - insulini imapangidwa mokwanira, koma samatha kugwira ntchito zake ndikuphwanya shuga (osadalira insulini).
Koma zingakhale momwe zingakhalire, mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi mitundu iwiriyi yamatenda ndi ofanana - kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumakwera, zomwe zimachitika. Chifukwa chake, aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kumafunikira chithandizo chamanthawi yomweyo.
Momwe mungayang'anire shuga?
Kuwona kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, sikofunikira kuyendera zipatala tsiku ndi tsiku ndikukayezetsa magazi kumeneko. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kungogula glucometer ku pharmacy iliyonse (momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito momwe amafotokozedwera mwatsatanetsatane mu malangizo) ndikugwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku - m'mawa (pamimba yopanda kanthu), masana (mutatha kudya) ndi madzulo.
Zotsatira zonse ziyenera kulembedwa mu diary. Izi zikuthandizani kuti mufufuze njira ya matendawa ndikuwongolera momwe muliri. Koma kuti mumvetsetse molondola, muyenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Mitengo yanji?
Aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi miyezo yake ya shuga. Izi ndichifukwa cha zinthu zingapo:
Norma wamagazi shuga atatha kudya- pofika zaka;
- jenda;
- mtundu wamatenda.
Pambuyo pa zaka 50, misempha ya magazi imachuluka, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kusintha kwokhudzana ndi ukalamba mthupi ndipo zimakhala zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, pofika zaka 50-60, anthu ambiri ali ndi mbiri ya prediabetes. Amuna amakhalanso ndi shuga wokwanira wamagazi kuposa azimayi. Ndipo izi zimachitikanso chifukwa cha zolimbitsa thupi.
Mwambiri, shuga m'magazi a shuga amakhalanso apamwamba kuposa momwe zimakhalira kwa anthu athanzi. Chizindikirochi chikhoza kukhala pamalire apamwamba kapena kupitilira ndi 0.5-1 mmol / L. Gome ili pansipa limafotokoza mtundu wa shuga m'magazi, poganizira zinthu zonse.
Mwazi wamagaziKuti muwonetsetse bwino zizindikirozi nokha, muyenera kudziwa malamulo opangira magazi kunyumba. Nthawi yoyamba yomwe muyenera kuyeza shuga m'magazi opanda kanthu, kenako 1 ndi 2 maola mutatha kudya. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa pokhapokha mwa njirayi ndizotheka kufufuza kuti kapamba amatulutsa insulini kapena ngati kuperewera kwodziwikiratu kwadziwika m'thupi. Kusanthula komaliza kuyenera kuchitika musanagone.
Kuchuluka kwazonse
Kuchulukitsa shuga kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndi owopsa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi hyperglycemia. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika pamaso pa pathologies a endocrine system ndipo amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga komwe kumamasulidwa m'magazi, komwe thupi lilibe nthawi yolimbana nawo.
Monga lamulo, hyperglycemia mu odwala matenda ashuga samatenga nthawi yayitali - maola ochepa okha. Komabe, ngati vutoli limatenga nthawi yayitali, wodwalayo amafunika kuthandizidwa mwachangu.
Hyperglycemia yocheperako imakhala yotetezeka mthupi - imatha kupirira nayo yokha. Ndipo pakakhala kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa shuga m'magazi, kumabweretsa kuledzera kale. Pankhaniyi, zizindikiro monga:
- ludzu lalikulu;
- kukodza pafupipafupi;
- kukoka kwamtima;
- kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- kutopa, etc.
Mitundu ikuluikulu ya hyperglycemia imayendera limodzi ndi mawonekedwe a mseru, kusanza kwambiri komanso kusowa kwamadzi. Kuyiwalika kwa chikumbumtima komanso kuyambika kwa vuto la hyperglycemic coma, lomwe limaphatikizapo kuyambika kwa kufa mwadzidzidzi, ndizotheka.
Magawo a HyperglycemiaNgati hyperglycemia imatha kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti izi zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa metabolic, komwe kumayambitsa zovuta mu chitetezo cha mthupi, ziwalo zoberekera, komanso kupatsidwa magazi kuzinthu zonse.
Kutsitsa chizolowezi
Shuga wocheperako amatchedwa hypoglycemia. Matendawa ndi oopsa ngati hyperglycemia. Mu odwala matenda ashuga, kuyambika kwa hypoglycemia kumachitika makamaka motsutsana ndi maziko osagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika a jakisoni wa insulin, pomwe wodwala satsatira chiwembu chokhazikitsidwa ndi adokotala.
Hypoglycemia imayamba shuga m'magazi akayamba kutsika 3.3 mmol / L. Zizindikiro zikuluzikulu zakutukuka kwake ndi izi:
- kufooka
- tachycardia;
- kumva kwamphamvu kwa njala;
- zovuta zamitsempha;
- mawonekedwe a nkhawa ndi mantha;
- khungu pakhungu;
- kulephera kudziwa.
Mawonetsero oyamba a hypoglycemiaKuopsa kwa hypoglycemia ndikuti kumatha kupangitsa kukhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemic, lotha kupha. Ndipo poganizira zonse zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, ziyenera kudziwika kuti munthu amayenera kuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ngakhale amene alibe matenda a shuga. Kupatula apo, mikhalidwe iyi (hypoglycemia ndi hyperglycemia) imatha kupezeka mwa anthu athanzi labwino.
Shuga pa nthawi yapakati
Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amayamba kubadwa nthawi iliyonse, kuphatikizapo kubereka. Mwa amayi apakati, zimapezekanso nthawi zambiri, koma mu nkhani iyi tikulankhula za matenda ashuga. Sifotokozedwanso ngati matenda, koma zimawonjezera ngozi zokhala ndi matenda am'mimba mwa amayi mtsogolo ndipo zimawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi mwana wamkulu, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu pakubereka.
Ndiye chifukwa cha ichi amayi apakati amalangizidwa kuti azikayezetsa magazi sabata iliyonse kuti aziyang'ana magazi awo. Ndi matenda a shuga gestational, amangochulukirapo mwatsatanetsatane ndipo, monga lamulo, sapitilira 6 mmol / l. Komabe, ngati zotsatira za kusanthula zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga kumapitilira izi, mkazi amafunika kuchipatala mwachangu.
Izi ndichifukwa choti ndi matenda amiseche, chiwopsezo cha kusabadwa kwa mwana wamkulu chimawonjezeka, komanso kukula kwa matenda akulu mu mwana wosabadwayo ngakhale pa nthawi yomwe akukula. Ndipo nthawi zambiri matendawa amatengera hypoxia, pomwe mwana amayamba kupeza kuperewera kwa oksijeni, kumene, kumakhudzanso kukula kwake kwakuthupi ndi m'maganizo.
Mitundu ya shuga yamagazi mwa amayi apakati
Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga gestational chimaphatikizapo kutsatira mankhwala ochiritsira odwala ndi insulin. Ntchito zonsezi zimachitika motsogozedwa ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala.
Ngati mukudziwa momwe shuga ya magazi ya munthu imayenera kukhala ndikuwunikira pafupipafupi izi, ndiye kuti mutha kupewa kuwoneka pamavuto ambiri azaumoyo.
