Mavuto osokoneza bongo a matenda amtundu woyamba: ndi ziti komanso momwe mungapewerere kuti zisachitike?

Matenda a shuga amachitika chifukwa chosowa chinthu chapadera mthupi - insulin. Matenda a shuga osasalidwa kapena omwe sanatengedwe amachititsa kuti pakhale njira zingapo zoyambira matenda.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndiko vuto lalikulu la zovuta za matenda amtundu 1, zomwe zimapezeka kawirikawiri kwa ana ndi achinyamata.

Kodi zovuta za matenda ashuga zimachitika liti?

Ndi matenda amtundu 1, thupi la wodwalayo limasowa kwambiri insulin, chifukwa chitetezo cha mthupi chimawononga maselo apadera a beta omwe amapanga mtundu wamahomoni awa.

Chomwe chimapangitsa "chikhalidwe" cholakwika ichi kukhala ndi chitetezo chathupi.

Chiwerengero cha maselo akufa chikufika pachimake (80-90%), kaphatikizidwe ka insulini pafupifupiuma, ndipo glucose amayamba kudziunjikira m'magazi m'malo motengeka ndi maselo a minyewa.

Potengera maziko awa, zovuta zingapo za matenda ashuga zimapangidwa: kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuwonongeka kwa ziwiya zam'mimba komanso mitsempha. Zotsatira zake, kusabala kumayamba mwa amuna omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndipo azimayi amakhala ndi vuto lotenga pakati.

Zovuta zazikulu za matenda amtundu 1

Kuperewera kwa chithandizo kumabweretsa zovuta zambiri.

Lakuthwa

Mavuto owopsa kwambiri amakhala ndi awa:

• ketoacidosis. Mkhalidwe wowopsa kwambiri, wodziwika ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwa matupi a acetone (kapena matupi a ketone) m'magazi a wodwala. Ichi ndichifukwa thupi lomwe lili ndi matenda ashuga lilibe insulin yokwanira, motero mphamvu. Kenako amayamba kuphwanya mafuta ophatikizidwa ndi thupi mothandizidwa ndi matupi a ketone. Chiwerengero chawo pakuchitika kwa kagayidwe kameneka chikukula nthawi zonse. Acetone, monga chochita chokha, chidetsa thupi ndipo chimayambitsa zovuta zazikulu. Popeza matupi a ketone sangathe kulowa mu cell popanda thandizo la insulin, amachotsedwa kudzera mu impso. Matendawa ndi amtundu wa matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba (mwana);
• hypoglycemia. Amayamba motsutsana ndi maziko a kuchepa kwakukuru mu kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (pafupifupi 3 Mmol / L kapena kuchepera). Chimawonekera pazifukwa zingapo: kupsinjika kwakuthupi, kukhazikitsa mlingo waukulu wa insulini, kusowa kwa zakudya m'zakudya, ndi zina. Zikuwoneka ngati njala ndi kufooka, thukuta limawonjezeka komanso kuwona kwamaso, mutu. Nthawi zambiri zovuta, kukomoka ngakhale kupweteka kumachitika;
• hyperosmolar coma. Kuphatikizika uku kumachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a hyperglycemia ndipo amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa minofu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti thupi likuyesera "kuchepetsa" shuga yayikulu potenga madzi kuchokera m'maselo ndikuwabwezeretsanso magazi. Zotsatira zake, pamakhala kuchepa kwa maselo aubongo, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachepetsa, ndipo wodwalayo amayamba kuzindikira. Pathology pa gawo loyambirira limawonetsedwa mwa mawonekedwe a ludzu losatha komanso, ndipo chifukwa chake, diuresis imawonedwa. Pang'onopang'ono pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwake kumatha kukhetsa;
• lactic acidotic chikomokere. Pokhala ndi insulini, palruvic acid imadziunjikira m'magazi. Zowonjezera zake zimayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa kaphatikizidwe ka lactic acid. Zizindikiro: kudumpha mu kuthamanga kwa magazi, chikumbumtima chovutikira, kuvuta kukodza ndi kulephera kupuma.

Pambuyo pake

Dzina lenileni la zovuta limafotokoza kuti limayenda pang'onopang'ono (mpaka zaka zingapo). Ndipo uwu ndi ngozi yake. Matendawa pang'onopang'ono (popanda zizindikiro zoopsa) amadetsa thanzi, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuchitira zovuta zotere.

Mavuto amtsogolo akuphatikizapo:

• angiopathy. Pankhaniyi, kukula kwa mtima kumaphwanyidwa. Zotsatira zake, mawonekedwe a atherosclerosis plaques, thrombosis amakula;
• retinopathy. Ndalama zimavutika, ma retina amachoka, kumveka bwino kwa masomphenya kumachepa, ndipo ngongole zimayamba. Izi zimawopseza wodwala ndikuwonongeka. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti odwala matenda ashuga awoneke pafupipafupi ndi ophthalmologist. Monga zovuta zilizonse za matenda ashuga, kusokonezeka kwa minyewa ndi kuvulala kwina kumayambira nthawi yayitali kusanawonedwe kowoneka, ndikofunikira kuti shuga ikhale ndi magazi nthawi zonse;
• polyneuropathy. Amadziwika ndi kusamva bwino kupweteka, dzanzi. Miyendo imamva kutentha kapena kutentha. Chomwe chimapangitsa izi ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi yomwe imadyetsa ulusi wamitsempha. Polyneuropathy imatha kukhudza chiwalo chilichonse ndipo chimachitika nthawi iliyonse. Komabe, mukakhala ndi matenda ashuga, mumatha kuchita ngozi zambiri. Mitsempha yowonongeka singabwezeretsedwe, koma chiwonongeko chawo chowonjezereka chitha kupewedwa;
• wodwala matenda ashuga. Atha kukhala ndi matenda alionse a shuga. Zizindikiro: zotupa ndi zilonda zimawoneka pamapazi. Kusavomerezeka m'miyendo ndizowopsa chifukwa mabala kapena matuza sangathe kuzindikiridwa ndi nthawi, zomwe zingapangitse kuti matenda afalikire thupi lonse. Vutoli limakonda kudula dzanja.

Matenda

Mtundu wamtunduwu wamavuto uli pachikhalidwe cha matenda ashuga. Ngakhale wodwalayo akatsatira malangizo onse azachipatala, shuga akupitilizabe kuwononga thupi lake. Matendawa kwa nthawi yayitali amatha kusintha kapangidwe ka magazi, nkumayambitsa matenda osachiritsika.

Choyamba kuvutika:

• impso. Matenda a shuga a nthawi yayitali amatsogolera ku kulephera kwa impso;
• zombo. Malowedwe awo amachepa, makoma amayamba kuchepa, ndipo kuchuluka kwazinthu kumakulirakulira. Zida zomwe zimakhudzidwa (zokhala ndi zovuta zazikulu) zimadyetsa mtima, zomwe zimatsogolera ku matumbo ake;
• khungu. Popeza kuperekera kwa magazi ku minofu ya khungu kumakhudzidwanso ndi matenda ashuga, zilonda zam'mimba zake zimapangidwira, zomwe zimapangitsa matenda osiyanasiyana;
• dongosolo lamanjenje. Kugonjetsedwa kwake m'matenda a shuga kumawonetsedwa makamaka pakugwira manja ndi miyendo. Wodwalayo amakhala ndi ululu m'manja ndi m'miyendo, nthawi zina kulephera kwamanjenje kumabweretsa ziwalo.

Zotsatira zapadera za matenda ashuga mwa ana

Ana amapezeka kuti nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto la matenda. Amakula m'thupi la mwana mwachangu, ngati simuyamba kulandira chithandizo pa nthawi.

Kuphatikiza apo, zaka za mwana zimachepera, ndiye kuti matendawo amayamba kwambiri.

Insulin m'thupi imakhala yosasinthika, chifukwa kapamba mwa ana sanapangidwe kokwanira, glucose amadziunjikira mu minofu, ndipo maselo samalandira zakudya zoyenera. Kagayidwe kachakudya kamakhudza gawo losalimba lamanjenje.

Pakadali koyambirira, mwana amatha kupeza kusiyana kwakukulu m'magazi a shuga masana, zomwe zimakhala zowopsa pakoma. Ngati matendawa ayambitsidwa, mwana amachedwa kukula ndikukula m'maganizo.

Nayi ndandanda yayifupi ya zovuta zaubwana:

• zamatenda amtima. Nthawi zina, chiopsezo cha angina pectoris chimawonjezeka. Ngakhale mwa ana, vuto la mtima kapena stroko limatha kuchitika, ndipo atherosulinosis imayamba, ngakhale izi sizimachitika kawirikawiri;
• mitsempha. Odwala ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi nkhawa m'miyendo;
• khungu losauka lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi bowa ndi mabakiteriya;
• ngati mwana ali ndi mapapu ofooka, chifuwa chachikulu chikukula;
• mafupa olimba chifukwa chosowa mchere. Osteoporosis imatha kubereka chifukwa cha zovuta za kukula kwa intrauterine kapena kutengeka, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chodyetsa maupa.

Izi ndi zotsatira zenizeni za matenda ashuga omwe makolo ayenera kudziwa ndipo akuyenera kuwayang'aniridwa ndi ana pochiza. Mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba amayenera kuwunikidwa kuti awone zovuta za ocular komanso aimpso.

Izi zitha kuyimitsa kukula kwa matenda. Koma chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndikuyesetsa kuti mulibe shuga panthawi yochepa.

Lembani 1 ndi Type 2 matenda ashuga: owopsa ndi chiani?

Komabe, matendawa amapangitsa munthu kuyambira ali wachinyamata kukhala ndi thanzi labwino.

Amayang'anira zakudya, amadzinyamula yekha ndikuwona mankhwalawa amathandizira ndi insulin. Mikhalidwe yonseyi imalola wodwala kukhala ndi moyo wathunthu, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi thanzi labwino poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe alibe shuga.

Matenda a shuga a Type 2 ndi njira yomwe ikupanga pang'onopang'ono, yochokera ku zizolowezi zoyipa za munthu: chikondi cha zakudya zotsekemera, zamafuta ndi zopatsa mphamvu. Zonsezi zimabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri. Koma Zizindikiro zazikulu, monga polyuria, kumayambiriro kwa matendawa sizingakhale.

Nthawi zambiri, kuchepa thupi msanga kumayenderana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kwa mankhwalawa pofuna kuchepetsa thupi, osaganizira kuti izi ndizovuta za matenda ashuga. Zotsatira zake, wodwalayo amapita kwa dokotala mochedwa kwambiri, ndipo chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimatenga nthawi yayitali.

Zithandizo zamankhwala a shuga zovuta

Njira zochizira matenda ashuga zovuta zimaphatikizapo zinthu zitatu izi:

• glycemic control (4.4-7 Mmol / l) ndi mankhwala kapena jakisoni wa insulin;
• Kubwezeretsa metabolic njira: makonzedwe a mtima kukonzekera ndi thioctic acid;
• Chithandizo cha zovuta zokha. Chifukwa chake, retinopathy yoyambirira amathandizidwa ndi laser, ndipo ovuta kwambiri - vit sahihi. Mavitamini a B amawayikidwa kuti awononge mitsempha.

Wodwalayo ayenera kumvetsetsa kufunika kochita njira zonse zomwe wapangidwira ndikuti athe kudziimira pawokha magazi. Ichi ndiye chikhalidwe chofunikira kwambiri, kulephera kwake komwe kumabweretsa zovuta zazikulu.

Njira zopewera matenda ashuga

Kupewa kwa odwala matenda ashuga:

• kuyang'anira pafupipafupi zamankhwala;
• glycemic control;
• udindo ndikutsatira kwambiri zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku: ndikofunikira kudziwa nthawi yakudzuka ndi kugona, osaphonya jakisoni maola, etc;
• zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi;
• ukhondo waumwini;
• Zakudya zama carb ochepa;
• kulimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira: kudya, kuumitsa.

Makanema okhudzana nawo

Zokhudza ngozi zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zovuta za matenda ashuga mu kanema:

Zachidziwikire, kuti simungathetse matenda ashuga ndi njira zomwe zalembedwa nokha, mufunika thandizo la mankhwala ndi njira zapadera. Koma kutsatira malingaliro awa ndikokwanira kuti tilepheretse chitukuko cha matenda komanso osalolera zovuta zina kuti ziwononge moyo wanu.