Kuyesedwa kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika pofuna kudziwa momwe wodwalayo alili. Glucose ndiye maziko a kagayidwe kazakudya, pakakhala kulephera komwe thupi silingapitirize kugwira ntchito bwino. Kusanthula kumeneku ndi chimodzi mwazidziwitso - akatswiri ali ndi mwayi wokhazikitsa chidziwitso cholondola potsatira deta yake ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wina.
Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zawonetsedwa, kutsimikiza kwa mfundo za shuga m'magazi ndi imodzi mwamafukufuku odziwika komanso ofala pakati pa mayeso onse a labotale.
Kuwunika kwa seramu yamagazi: mawonekedwe ndi kukonzekera
Zizindikiro za phunziroli ndi zovuta za wodwala zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kapena kutsika kwa kutsata kwa shuga m'magazi.
Mitsempha yamagazi ya venous ya shuga imatengedwa kuchokera kwa anthu omwe madokotala amawaganizira kapena amakayikira zenizeni zakupezekapo (kuwunikira momwe wodwalayo aliri:
- odwala omwe samadalira insulini kapena wodwala a insulin;
- nthawi ya bere;
- kuzindikira kwa hyper- kapena hypoglycemia;
- sepsis
- kupewa odwala omwe ali pachiwopsezo;
- chiwindi ntchito - cirrhosis, chiwindi;
- zadzidzidzi;
- kusokonezeka kwa kugwira ntchito kwa endocrine system - hypothyroidism, matenda a Cushing, monga;
- matenda a pituitary.
Asanayambe kuwunikira, wodwalayo ayenera kukonzekera kudukiza kwachipatala.
Madzulo a phunzirolo, munthu ayenera kudzipatula panthawi ngati izi:
- chakudya chotsiriza komanso zakumwa zilizonse, kupatula madzi abwino okha, siziyenera kuchitika pasanathe maola 8 nthawi isanakwane,
- zinthu zokhala ndi zakumwa siziyenera kudyedwa masiku awiri 2-3 musanayesedwe;
- khofi ndi zakumwa zina zakumwa za khofi ndizoletsedwa maola 48 mpaka 72 maphunziro asanafike
- Kupsinjika kwa mitsempha ndi kulimbitsa thupi kwambiri ziyenera kupewedwa tsiku 1 lisanachitike kuwunikiridwa.
Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zawonetsedwa, osachepera ola limodzi kafukufukuyu asanachitike, kusuta fodya ndi kutafuna chingamu ziyenera kusiyidwa, chifukwa nawonso amatha kuchita zambiri pakapangidwe ka insulin.
Iyenera kuchedwetsa kuperekera kusanthula (kupatula nthawi yadzidzidzi) pamaso pa zinthu zotsatirazi:
- nthawi zochulukirachulukira matenda opatsirana;
- ngati endocrinopathies, mwachitsanzo, acromegaly kapena hyperthyroidism;
- ndi kuvulala kosasindikizidwa;
- pambuyo pa opaleshoni;
- pachimake matenda;
- matenda opatsirana;
- kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira omwe amakhudza zotsatira za shuga m'magazi - ma COC, glucocorticoids, tizoid diuretics;
- atangoikidwa magazi.
Zowonjezera pakusaka zotsatira zakusaka
Kuwona zotsatira za kusanthula pamaziko a magazi a seramu kumakhala ndi machitidwe pamunthu payekha. Mitengo ya shuga ya Plasma imakwezedwa poyerekeza ndi magazi athunthu.
Nthawi yomweyo, biomaterial yophunziridwa, yomwe imatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu kuchokera kumunwe kapena mtsempha, ilibe kusiyana kwakukulu. Komabe, patatha maola awiri kuchokera pakusungidwa kwazinthu, zotsatira zimayamba kusiyana.
Mwachitsanzo, ndikotheka kugwiritsa ntchito kuyerekeza kotsitsa kwa zama carbohydrate m'magazi athunthu ndi madzi a m'magazi:
- Zizindikiro zoyenera za munthu wathanzi pakusanthula shuga m'magazi athunthu, kuyambira chala, nthawi yomweyo imapereka 3.3 ... 3.5 mmol / l. Potere, pambuyo pa maola awiri kuchokera ku glucose yomwe yakhazikitsidwa, zotsalazo sizikufika pa 6.7. Momwe magazi amkati am'mimba, akulumphira zakudya (pamimba yopanda kanthu), ali 3.3 ... 3.5, ndipo ali ndi katundu mpaka 7.8 mmol / l;
- pankhani ya plasma yamagazi, mukamasanthula kuchokera kumunwe, mfundo zaumoyo wathanzi zimakhala 4.0 ... 6.1, ndipo mutatha kutenga glucose ("katundu") patatha maola 2 ndende sizifika 7,8. Mu plasma yolekanitsidwa ya magazi a venous, glucose moyikirapo idzakhala 4.0 ... 6.1 - munthawi ya kusanthula kwamimba yopanda kanthu, ndipo mpaka maola 7.8 2 mutatha kudya shuga.
Pankhani ya kulolerana kwa glucose, kusinthasintha kwa shuga pakusintha kungayimidwe motere:
- kusala magazi athunthu kuchokera kumitsempha - mpaka 6.1;
- magazi athunthu kuchokera mumsempha okhala ndi katundu wopitilira 6.1, koma mpaka 10;
- magazi athunthu kuyambira chala m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu - mpaka 6.1;
- pamimba yopanda kanthu kuchokera chala pambuyo pa maola awiri kuchokera pakugwiritsira ntchito shuga - oposa 7.8 koma mpaka 11.1;
- kusala magazi m'magazi pa venous kusanthula - mpaka 7;
- plasma pambuyo 2 maola kumwa shuga mu kuphunzira venous magazi - oposa 7.8, mpaka 11.1;
- kusala madzi am'madzi kuchokera chala - mpaka 7;
- plasma pakuwunika magazi kuchokera chala, pambuyo pa "glucose katundu" pambuyo 2 maola - 8.9 ... 12.2.
Pankhani ya matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa glucose pophunzira magazi a seramu osagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ochulukirapo kungakhale oposa 7.0 - kwa mitundu yonse yamagazi (kuchokera kumitsempha ndi chala).
Mukamamwa shuga komanso pakatha maola awiri, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'madzi am'magazi panthawi ya kusanthula kwa chala kudzaposa 11, 1, ndipo ngati mukutenga zinthu kuchokera mu mtsempha, maphunzirowa ndi oposa 12,2.
Miyezo yam shuga ya Seramu pofika zaka
Miyezo yokhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a seramu imasiyana - kutengera zaka za munthu.
Makhalidwe a shuga a Serum amasiyana ngakhale mwa ana:
- mwa makanda asanakwane, chizolowezi ndi 1.1 ... 3.3 mmol / l;
- mu tsiku la 1 la moyo - 2.22 ... 3.33 mmol / l;
- Mwezi 1 ndi zina - 2.7 ... 4.44 mmol / l;
- kuyambira wazaka 5 - 3.33 ... 5.55 mmol / l.
Kwa akulu, zomwe zimadziwika kuti seramu glucose zimatsimikizika malinga ndi zaka zawo komanso jenda.
Zizindikiro zolondola za shuga mwa akazi zimayimiriridwa ndi mfundo zotsatirazi:
| Zaka zathunthu, zaka | Malire a zizindikiro, mmol / l |
| 20-29 | 3,5… 6,7 |
| 30-39 | 3,6… 6,7 |
| 40-49 | 3,4… 7,0 |
| 50-59 | 3,6… 7,1 |
| 60-69 | 3,4… 7,4 |
| 70 ndi ena | 2,9… 7,5 |
Mwa amuna, miyambo ya shuga mu seramu yamagazi imawonetsedwa ndi zotere pazolemba zasayansi:
| Zaka zathunthu, zaka | Malire a zizindikiro, mmol / l |
| 20-29 | 3,4… 6,7 |
| 30-39 | 3,5… 6,7 |
| 40-49 | 3,4… 7,0 |
| 50-59 | 3,6… 7,1 |
| 60-69 | 3,3… 7,4 |
| 70 ndi kupitirira | 2,9… 7,5 |
Chifukwa chiyani mitengo yowunikira ikuwonjezeka?
Hyperglycemia ikapezeka, nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti shuga imayamba. Komabe, pali zinthu zina za causative zomwe zingapangitse kuchuluka kwa shuga wa seramu.
Madokotala adawulula kuti zinthu ngati izi zimatha kupangitsa hyperglycemia:
- kuvulala kwamitsempha kwa ubongo, apo ayi - kuvulala pamutu. Zinthu zoyambitsa izi zimaphatikizapo kukangana, kupweteka kwa mutu, matenda am'mimba a GM ndi zina monga;
- kukanika kwambiri kwa chiwindi;
- kumwa kwa zinthu zochuluka momwe muli shuga wambiri - confectionery, zakumwa za shuga ndi zina zotere;
- psycho-mtima kwambiri;
- kuvulala
- neoplastic, apo ayi khansa, komanso zotupa za ma kapamba;
- kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa, mapiritsi ogona ndi kukonzekera kwa psychotropic;
- hemodialysis waposachedwa;
- ntchito yochulukitsa ya chithokomiro cha chithokomiro komanso / kapena ma gren adrenal, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma cell azikhala ndi ma cell omwe amatchinga mphamvu ya insulin.
Zolinga zochepetsera shuga
Kuphatikiza pa kuwonjezera shuga - hypoglycemia, wodwalayo atha kupezeka kuti ali ndi vuto lina - hypoglycemia.
Hypoglycemia imadziwika ndi shuga m'munsi mwabwinobwino ndipo imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu:
- kuwerengetsa kolakwika kwa insulin ndipo, chifukwa chake;
- kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a pharmacological omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osokoneza bongo, koma osayenera kwa wodwala wina;
- njala, momwe izi zimamvekera chifukwa cha kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi;
- kupanga kwambiri insulin, momwe timadzi timene timafunikira sikofunikira - pali kuchepa kwa chakudya chamagulu;
- kagayidwe kachakudya matenda obadwa nawo chikhalidwe, Mwachitsanzo, tsankho kwa chakudya (fructose, lactose ndi zina);
- kuwonongeka kwa maselo a chiwindi ndi mankhwala oopsa;
- zotupa zotengera insulin zomwe zimakhudza islet zida za kapamba;
- hypoglycemia ya amayi apakati, omwe amayamba chifukwa chodziwikiratu ndi mahomoni am'mimba komanso kapamba kamwana yemwe akukula, yemwe adayamba kugwira ntchito modziyimira payekha;
- matenda ena a impso ndi matenda angapo a m'matumbo aang'ono;
- Zotsatira zam'mimba.
Komanso, hypoglycemia imatha kupangika pokhapokha chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa insulin, mahomoni ena amathanso kutsitsa shuga. Izi zikuyenera kukumbukiridwa, ndipo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi, funsani endocrinologist ndikupita mndandanda wake wamaphunziro.
Chifukwa chiyani sodium fluoride imawonjezeredwa pamwambowu?
Mukamawerenga nkhaniyi, akatswiri amawonjezera sodium fluoride, komanso potaziyamu EDTA, pamiyeso. Mitengoyi imadziwika ndi kuthekera koletsa kuwonongeka kwa shuga m'magazi osonkhanitsidwa, apo ayi glycolysis.Izi zimakuthandizani kuti musunge kuchuluka kwa glucose koyambilira komanso kupeza zotsatira zenizeni za kafukufukuyu.
Sodium fluoride limodzi ndi potaziyamu oxalate ndi ma anticoagulants omwe amamanga calcium ayoni, kuphatikiza apo, sodium fluoride pang'ono imakhazikika pazofunikira za shuga zomwe zimapezeka mu zitsanzo. Mukamachita mitundu yambiri ya ma enzymatic, glucose yemwe amakhala mu sampuliyo amadzitsitsa kuti achepetse ndi kupindika.
Sodium fluoride amadziwika ndi kuthekera kwake kuti atseke mawonekedwe ena a enzymatic, kuphatikizapo kusintha kwa phosphoglycerate mu phosphoenolpyruvate acid, omwe amalepheretsa kudutsa kwa njira ya glycolysis. Izi zimachitika kuti popanda kugwiritsa ntchito sodium fluoride, madokotala sangathe kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga mu seramu yamagazi.
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