Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga kwa ana, momwe zimadziwonekera zokha komanso ngati zingathe kuchiritsidwa

M'thupi lomwe limakula, njira zonse zimachitika mwachangu kuposa akuluakulu, motero ndikofunikira kuzindikira ndikumayimitsa matendawa pachiyambi pomwe. Kukula kwa matenda ashuga mu ana kumapitirira mwachangu, nthawi yoyamba kuchokera kuzomwe zimayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo zimatenga masiku angapo, kapena maola ambiri. Nthawi zambiri, matenda a shuga amapezeka kumalo azaumoyo komwe mwana adabadwira osazindikira.

Ziwerengero za matenda ashuga aana zimakhumudwitsa: zimapezeka mwa ana 0,2%, ndipo izi zikuchulukirachulukira, pachaka chikukula ndi 5%. Mwa matenda osachiritsika omwe amakula ali ana, matenda a shuga amachitika m'malo achitetezo atatu. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu yamatenda omwe angathe kuubwana, momwe mungazizindikirire ndikuwachiza panthawi.

Zolemba za mtundu wa 1 ndi matenda a shuga a 2 mwa mwana

Matenda a shuga ndi zovuta zamatenda a metabolic, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'matumbo. Choyambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa nkhaniyi mwina ndi kuphwanya kwa insulini, kapena kufooketsa zochita zake. Mu makanda, matenda ashuga ndiwofala kwambiri m'thupi. Mwana akhoza kudwala ali ndi zaka zilizonse, koma zovuta zambiri zimachitika kwa achinyamata komanso achinyamata pakusintha kwatsamba kwa mahomoni.

Matenda a shuga ndi kupsinjika kudzakhala chinthu chakale

• Matenda a shuga -95%
• Kuthetsa kwa mitsempha thrombosis - 70%
• Kuthetsa kwa kugunda kwamtima kwamphamvu -90%
• Kuthana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi - 92%
• Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu masana, kukonza kugona usiku -97%

Matenda a shuga a ana, monga lamulo, amakhala ovuta kwambiri komanso amakonda kupitirira patsogolo kuposa munthu wamkulu. Kufunika kwa insulin kumasintha nthawi zonse, makolo nthawi zambiri amakakamizidwa kuyeza glycemia ndikubwezeretsanso muyeso wa mahomoni potengera momwe zinthu ziliri. Kuzindikira kwa insulin sikumangotengera matenda opatsirana, komanso ndi kuchuluka kwa zochitika, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni komanso kusinthasintha kwa malingaliro. Ndi chithandizo chanthawi zonse, kuyang'aniridwa kuchipatala komanso chidwi chochulukirapo cha makolo, mwana wodwala amakula bwino ndikuphunzira.

Zoyambitsa matenda a shuga ana

Zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya sizimamveka bwino, koma oteteza anzawo amadziwika. Nthawi zambiri, matenda ashuga mwa mwana amadziwika atakumana ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

1. Matenda opatsirana a ana - nkhuku, chikuku, malungo ofiira ndi ena. Komanso matenda ashuga amatha kusinthasintha fuluwenza, chibayo, kapena zilonda zapakhosi. Zowopsa izi zimakhala zowopsa makamaka mwa ana ochepera zaka zitatu.
2. Kutulutsa kogwira kwa mahomoni nthawi ya kutha.
3. Psychology yodutsa, yonse komanso yosakwatiwa.
4. Kuvulala, makamaka kwa mutu ndi m'mimba.
5. Zakudya zamafuta okwera kwambiri omwe zimakonda kugwera pagome la mwana, makamaka akaphatikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa kuyenda, ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtundu wa 2.
6. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, makamaka glucocorticoids ndi okodzetsa. Pali zokayikitsa kuti ma immunomodulators akhoza kukhala owopsa, omwe ku Russia nthawi zambiri amawalembera kuzizira kulikonse.

Choyambitsa matendawa mwa mwana chitha kuphatikizidwanso matenda a shuga kwa mayi ake. Ana otere amabadwa okulirapo, amakula bwino, koma amatha kudwala matenda ashuga.

Chinthu chobadwa nacho chimathandizira kuti vutoli lithe. Ngati mwana woyamba akudwala matenda ashuga, chiwopsezo cha ana am'banjamo ndi 5%. Ndi makolo awiri odwala matenda ashuga, chiwopsezo chachikulu chimakhala pafupifupi 30%. Pakadali pano, pali mayeso omwe amatha kudziwa kukhalapo kwa majini amtundu wa matenda ashuga. Zowona, maphunziro awa alibe phindu loyenera, popeza pakadali pano palibe njira zopewera zomwe zingatsimikizire kulepheretsa matendawa.

Gulu la odwala matenda a shuga

Kwa zaka zambiri, mtundu 1 wa shuga unkawoneka wokhawo womwe ungatheke mwa mwana. Tsopano kwakhazikitsidwa kuti imakhala ndi 98% ya milandu yonse. Zaka 20 zapitazi, matenda owunika kwambiri akuwulula zamtundu wamatenda omwe siamatsika. Kumbali imodzi, kuchuluka kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 kwachulukirachulukira, chifukwa cha zizolowezi zopanda thanzi komanso chiwopsezo chambiri mu mibadwo yaying'ono. Kumbali ina, chitukuko cha mankhwala chathandiza kudziwa mtundu wa majini omwe amayambitsa matenda ashuga, omwe m'mbuyomu ankadziwika kuti ndi mtundu woyamba.

Kugawidwa kwatsopano kwa zovuta zamatumbo omwe amaperekedwa ndi WHO akuphatikizapo:

1. Mtundu 1, womwe umagawidwa mu autoimmune ndi idiopathic. Zimachitika nthawi zambiri kuposa mitundu ina. Choyambitsa autoimmune ndi chitetezo chake chomwe, chomwe chimawononga ma cell a pancreatic. Matenda a shuga a Idiopathic amakula mofananamo, koma palibe chizindikiro cha autoimmune process. Chomwe chimayambitsa kuphwanya izi sichikudziwika.
2. Mtundu wa shuga wachiwiri mwa mwana. Zimakhala 40% ya milandu yonse yomwe singaganizidwe kuti ndi ya 1. Matendawa amayamba nthawi yakutha kwa ana onenepa kwambiri. Monga lamulo, panthawiyi cholowa chathu chitha kupezeka: m'modzi mwa makolo amakhalanso ndi matenda a shuga.
3. Kusinthika kwa geene komwe kumatsogolera pakupanga insulin yopanga. Choyamba, ndi matenda a shuga a Modi-shuga, omwe amagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi njira yake komanso njira zake zachithandizo. Amakhala pafupifupi 10% ya hyperglycemia, yomwe singaganizidwe kuti ndi ya 1. Matenda a shuga a Mitochondrial, omwe ndi cholowa ndipo amathandizana ndi zovuta zamitsempha, ali m'gulu lomweli.
4. Kusintha kwa jini kumayambitsa insulin kukana. Mwachitsanzo, lembani kukana kwa A, komwe kumawonetsedwa nthawi zambiri mwa atsikana achinyamata, komanso leprechuanism, omwe ali ndi vuto lokhazikika lambiri lomwe limayendetsedwa ndi hyperglycemia.
5. Matenda a Steroid ndi vuto lomwe limayamba chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (nthawi zambiri glucocorticoids) kapena mankhwala ena. Mwachizolowezi, mtundu uwu wa shuga mwa ana umalandira bwino chithandizo.
6. Matenda a shuga Zomwe zimayambitsa zimatha kukhala matenda komanso kuvulala kwa dipatimenti ya kapamba, yomwe imayang'anira matenda a insulin, komanso matenda a endocrine: hypercorticism syndrome, acromegaly, ma genndromes ena amtundu womwe umawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga: Pansi, Shereshevsky-Turner, etc. zovuta zamagulu osagwirizana ndi mtundu 1.
7. Polyglandular insufficiency syndrome ndi matenda osowa kwambiri a autoimmune omwe amakhudza ziwalo za endocrine ndipo amatha kuwononga maselo omwe amapanga insulin.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda a shuga kwa ana

Kuwonongeka kwa mtundu woyamba wa shuga kwa ana kumadutsa masitepe angapo. Ndi kumayambiriro kwa kubetcha kwa khungu la beta, omwe atsala amatenga ntchito zawo. Mwanayo akudwala kale, koma palibe zizindikiro. Mwazi wamagazi umayamba kukula pamene pali maselo ochepa kwambiri otsala, ndipo kuchepa kwa insulin kumachitika. Nthawi yomweyo, minofu imasowa mphamvu. Kuti apange izo, thupi limayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta osungira ngati mafuta. Mafuta akaphwanyidwa, ma ketoni amapangidwa omwe amakhudza mwana moyipa, zomwe zimayambitsa ketoacidosis, kenako chikomokere.

Panthawi ya kukula kwa shuga ndi kuyamba kwa ketoacidosis, matendawa amatha kuzindikirika ndi zizindikiritso zamunthu:

Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimatha kudzikiridwa ndi kachilomboka, kamene kamayambitsa matenda ashuga. Ngati simukuonana ndi dokotala munthawi, vuto la mwanayo likuipiraipira. Matenda a shuga amawonetsedwa ndi kusanza, kupweteka m'mimba, chikumbumtima chovuta, chifukwa chake, polowa kuchipatala, matenda am'matumbo kapena appendicitis nthawi zambiri amakhala oyamba kuwazindikira.

Kuti azindikire mwana wake matenda ashuga mwa nthawi yake, endocrinologists amalangizidwa kuti ayese mayeso a shuga pambuyo pa matenda aliwonse oopsa. Mutha kuyeseza mwachangu pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer yonyamula ma labotale ambiri komanso malo ena ogulitsa mankhwala. Ndi glycemia wambiri, shuga wa mkodzo amatha kuwoneka pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoyeserera.

Zoyenera kudziwa

Mwa ana, matenda a shuga 1 amapezekanso kwambiri, amadziwika ndi kuyamba kwakanthawi komanso zizindikiro zowoneka bwino. Zizindikiro zapachipatala zapamwamba komanso shuga wapamwamba zingakhale zokwanira kuzindikira matenda. Njira zake ndi kusala glycemia pamwambapa 7 kapena nthawi iliyonse masana kuposa 11 mmol / L. Kuzindikira kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesedwa kwa insulin, C-peptide, ma antibodies a cell a beta. Kupatula zotupa mu kapamba, kupenda kwa ultrasound kumachitika.

Munthawi yomwe sizingatheke kudziwa mtundu umodzi wa matenda ashuga:

• ngati matendawa adayamba pang'onopang'ono, Zizindikiro zimachulukana kwa nthawi yayitali, pali kuthekera kwa mitundu iwiri yamatenda kapena mawonekedwe ake a Modi. Zizindikiro zilizonse zotayika kapena za atypical pamaso pa hyperglycemia zimafuna kufufuza kowonjezera;
• Mwana wosakwana miyezi 6. Mwa ana aang'ono, mtundu 1 umapezeka mu 1% ya milandu;
• mwana ali ndi matenda okula. Kuunikira ndikofunikira kuti muzindikiritse kusintha kwa majini.
• Kusanthula kwa C-peptide ndikwabwinobwino (> 200) patatha zaka zitatu kuchokera pachiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga, glycemia popanda chithandizo ndi apamwamba kuposa 8. Ndi mtundu 1, izi zimachitika mopitilira 5% ya odwala. Mu ana ena, maselo a beta ali ndi nthawi yoti agwere kwathunthu;
• kusowa kwa ma antibodies panthawi yodziwitsa ndi nthawi yofotokozera mtundu wa idiopathic 1 kapena mitundu yosowa ya matenda ashuga.

Momwe mungathanirane ndi matenda a shuga kwa ana

Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amafunikira insulin. Amayamba nthawi yomweyo atazindikira kuti matendawa apezeka ndipo akupitiliza moyo wonse. Tsopano kuchotsa insulin yanu mwakokha ndiyo njira yokhayo yopulumutsira moyo wa mwana wodwala matenda a shuga. Zakudya zamafuta ochepa zimachepetsa kwambiri glycemia, koma sizitha kulipirira matendawa, chifukwa glucose amalowa m'magazi osati chakudya, komanso chiwindi, chomwe chimapangidwa kuchokera ku mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito chakudya. Njira zina zitha kukhala zowopsa pamoyo. Ndi mtundu 1 wa shuga, mulibe ma beta cell, palibe insulin yopangidwa. Pazinthu zotere, palibe mankhwala ochiritsira omwe amatha kupititsa shuga patsogolo.

Kusankhidwa kwa insulin ndi kuphunzitsidwa kwa makolo mumalamulo oyendetsera glycemic kumachitika kuchipatala, mtsogolomo padzakhala kutsata kokwanira. Pambuyo pa kuyamba kwa insulin, maselo a beta osungidwa ayambiranso ntchito yawo, kufunika kwa jakisoni kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Izi zimatchedwa chithandizochi. Imatha kukhala sabata kapena chaka. Nthawi yonseyi, mwana ayenera kulandira milingo yaying'ono ya insulin. Ndikosatheka kukana chithandizo kwathunthu.

Pambuyo pa tchuthi, mwana amasamutsidwira kuchipatala champhamvu kwambiri, chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito timadzi tating'ono komanso totalika. Chisamaliro chachikulu chimaperekedwa ku chakudya, chimayenera kuwerengedwa gramu iliyonse ya chakudya. Kuti alipire ngongole yodwala matenda ashuga, zakudya zazovomerezeka zilizonse zomwe sizinalembedwe zimayenera kuthetsedweratu.

Insulin imatha kutumikiridwa pansi pa khungu m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Syringe imawonedwa ngati njira yachikale ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mwa ana. Nthawi zambiri, ma cholembera a syringe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amalola jakisoni wopanda ululu. Pofika zaka za sukulu, mwana amadziwa kale kupanga jakisoni, pambuyo pake amaphunzira kutola cholembera ndikuyika mulingo woyenera. Pofika zaka 14, odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi nzeru zotetezeka amatha kuwerengera okha insulin ndipo amatha kukhala opanda makolo awo pankhaniyi.

Njira yamakono kwambiri yoyendetsera ndi pampu ya insulin. Ndi chithandizo chake, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa zabwino kwambiri za glycemia. Kutchuka kwake kumagawo a Russia sikofanana, kwinakwake (dera la Samara) theka la ana amasamutsidwa, kwinakwake (dera la Ivanovo) - osapitilira 5%.

Matenda a Type 2 amathandizidwa malinga ndimalingaliro osiyanasiyana. Therapy imaphatikizapo:

Chofunikira kwa ana olumala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga

Ana onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi vuto, amapatsidwa gawo la mwana wolumala popanda magawika m'magulu.

Zifukwa zakulemala zakhazikitsidwa mu Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russian Federation 1024n de 12/17/15. Izi zitha kukhala zaka 14, kapena zovuta za matenda ashuga, kuwola kwake kwakutali, kusathandiza kwa chithandizo chamankhwala. Ndi zovuta kwambiri za matenda a shuga, kulumala kumachotsedwa ali ndi zaka 14, popeza amakhulupirira kuti kuyambira pano mwana amatha kudzipenda yekha ndipo safunanso thandizo la makolo ake.

Ubwino wa mwana wolumala:

• kubweza ndalama pamwezi. Kukula kwake kumakhala kolozera. Tsopano ndalama zapenshoni ndi
• kuchuluka kwa ma ruble 12,5,000;
• kulipira kwa kholo lomwe silikugwira ntchito kusamalira munthu wolumala - ma ruble 5.5,000;
• ndalama zachigawo, zonse limodzi komanso pamwezi;
• Kusintha kwakhazikidwe ka nyumba mwanjira yoyambira pansi pa mgwirizano wamtundu wabanja lolembetsedwa asanafike 2005;
• kulipidwa kwa 50% ya ndalama zogwirira ntchito zanyumba;
• kuvomereza popanda mzera kwa a kindergarten;
• kuloledwa kwaulere kwa kindergarten;
• kuthekera kolandirira maphunziro kunyumba;
• chakudya chamasana chaulere kusukulu;
• maboma apadera olimbitsa mtima a mayeso;
• chiphaso chovomerezedwa ku mayunivesite ena.

Monga gawo la mndandanda wa Vital and Essential Piritsi, onse odwala matenda ashuga amalandira mankhwala omwe amafunikira. Mndandandawo umaphatikizapo mitundu yonse ya insulini komanso zowonjezera. Malinga ndi zomwe makolo adakumana nazo, singano, zingwe, zingwe zoyeserera zimapereka zochepa kwambiri, ndipo zimayenera kugulidwa zokhazokha. Kwa anthu olumala, mankhwala owonjezera amaperekedwa.

Zotheka ndi zovuta

Kubwezera kwa matenda a shuga mellitus mdziko lonse lapansi kumawerengeredwa ndi endocrinologists ngati osakhutiritsa, hemoglobin yapakati pa ana ndi 9.5%. M'mizinda yayikulu, chiwerengerochi ndichabwino kwambiri, pafupifupi 8.5%. M'madela akutali, zinthu zikuipiraipirabe chifukwa chokhala ndi ana osawuka, kuchuluka kosakwanira kwa ma endocrinologists, zipatala zopanda zida zambiri, komanso kuthekera kwa mankhwala amakono. Mwachilengedwe, m'mikhalidwe yotere, zovuta za shuga ndizofala kwambiri.

Kupewa

Kupewa matenda ashuga tsopano ndi imodzi mwazovuta zamankhwala. Ndi kupewa kwa matenda amtundu wa 2, zonse ndizosavuta, chifukwa zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi chilengedwe. Ndikokwanira kusintha kulemera kwa mwana, kusamalira chakudya chake, kuwonjezera chizolowezi chophunzitsidwa tsiku lililonse, ndipo chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga chidzachepa kwambiri.

Ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga, kusintha kwa moyo sikuchita gawo lalikulu, komabe sikungatheke kuchepetsera kayendedwe ka autoimmune ndikusunga maselo a beta, ngakhale ndalama zazikulu zomwe zidayikidwa pakufufuza. Ma immunosuppressants, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poika ziwalo, amatha kuchepetsa izi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa moyo wawo wonse sikumalekeredwa bwino, kupondera chitetezo cha mthupi, ndipo ngati kuthetsedwa, njira ya autoimmune imayambiranso. Pakaliponso mankhwala omwe angakhudze pang'ono zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga, akuyesedwa. Ngati katundu ndi chitetezo cha mankhwala atsopano atsimikiziridwa, mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga umatha kuchiritsidwa koyambirira.

Malangizo azachipatala popewa matenda ashuga (ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti onse ali ndi mphamvu yochepa):

1. Kuyang'anira shuga pafupipafupi. Kuyamba koyambira kwamankhwala koyamba chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga.
2. Pali malingaliro akuti kugwiritsa ntchito mkaka wa ng'ombe ndi mkaka wosasinthika wa mwana mpaka chaka kumakulitsa chiwopsezo cha matenda a shuga. Kuyamwitsa ndiko gawo loyamba la kupewa matenda.
3. Zomwezi zimagwirizana ndi kudya koyambirira ndi chimanga.
4. Katemera pa nthawi yake kuti apewe matenda opatsirana.
5. Njira zopewera vitamini D mu ana mpaka chaka. Amakhulupirira kuti Vitaminiyi amachepetsa kuvutikako.
6. Kuyesedwa pafupipafupi kwa vitamini D kwa ana okulirapo, ngati kuperewera kwapezeka - njira ya mankhwalawa pochizira.
7. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma immunostimulants (ferons) pokhapokha zikuwonetsa. Ma ARVI, ngakhale kawirikawiri, sichizindikiro cha chithandizo.
8. Kuchotsedwa kwa zochitika zopsinja. Kudalirana bwino ndi mwana wanu.
9. Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zachilengedwe. Utoto wocheperako ndi zina zowonjezera. Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin ndi ofala kwambiri m'maiko otukuka, omwe asayansi amagwirizana ndi zakudya zomwe zimapangidwa mopitilira muyeso.

Tikulakalaka ana anu atakhala ndi thanzi labwino, ndipo ngati pali vuto, ndiye kuti mungakhale opirira komanso mphamvu.