Chilichonse chokhudza matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba (kuchokera kuzizindikiro ndi njira zamankhwala

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda ofala kwambiri ku Russia, India, USA, ndi China, mamiliyoni ambiri akudwala. Mtundu 1 wa shuga umakhala 2% ya kuchuluka konse kwa odwala, odwala omwe adatsalira amapezeka ndi mtundu wachiwiri.

Tsoka ilo, awa peresenti ndi anthu achinyamata kwambiri, nthawi zambiri ana azaka za 10 mpaka 14. Amakhala ndi moyo wautali kwambiri kuti akhale ndi moyo, nthawi yonseyi, mapuloteni otsekemera amadziunjikira m'thupi lawo, zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zambiri za matenda ashuga. Amatha kupewedwa ndi kusamala kwa glucose, komwe kumapangitsa kuti moyo usinthe.

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda A shuga 1

Pofuna kutulutsa shuga ndi maselo amthupi lathu, insulin imatipatsa zofunikira ndi kapamba. Popanda insulini, kagayidwe kake kamapotozedwa kotero kuti zosinthazi sizikugwirizana ndi moyo: shuga samalowanso m'maselo, amadziunjikira m'magazi ndikuwononga mitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphwanya kosagwirizana kwa mafuta ndi poizoni wakuya wa thupi. Kulephera kwa kapamba kuchita ntchito zake kumatanthauza kupezeka kwa chikomokere ndi kufa mwachangu, komwe kumatha kupewa ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin kuchokera kunja.

Matenda a shuga ndi kupsinjika kudzakhala chinthu chakale

• Matenda a shuga -95%
• Kuthetsa kwa mitsempha thrombosis - 70%
• Kuthetsa kwa kugunda kwamtima kwamphamvu -90%
• Kuthana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi - 92%
• Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu masana, kukonza kugona usiku -97%

Mtundu woyamba wa shuga, ndikulephera kumene kumachitika. Choyambitsa chake ndikuwonongeka kosasinthika kwa maselo a beta opanga insulin. Makina enieni amomwe izi zimachitikira sizikumveka, koma ndikudziwika kuti maselo awa amawononga chitetezo chawochawo.

Pali chotchinga chapadera pakati pa dongosolo lamitsempha lamagazi ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Amapangidwa mwanjira yoti imatha kupatsira oksijeni ku ubongo, koma imawateteza kuti asalowe mu tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi ziwalo zina zakunja. Nthawi zina, kupsinjika, kachilombo ka kachilombo, kapena mankhwala omwe amalowa mkatimu amatha kupangitsa kuti chotchinga kulowa mkati ndi ma cell a machitidwe amanjenje alowe m'magazi. Chitetezo chachitetezo chimayankha mwachangu zakunja kosaloledwa, thupi limayamba kupanga ma antibodies omwe amayenera kuwononga mapuloteni akunja. Njira izi siziri zangwiro, limodzi ndi ma cell amanjenje, ma cell a pancreatic omwe ali ndi zofanana ndi iwo amafa.

Zapezeka kuti ma genetic amachititsa kuti matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba akhale. Chiwopsezo cha kudwala ndi 0,5%. Ngati mayi akudwala, zimachulukitsa kanayi, ngati bambo - nthawi 10. Ndizosatheka kunena motsimikiza kuti munthu sangakhale ndi matenda ashuga, popeza mibadwo ingapo imakhala ndi kuthekera kwakukulu, koma nthawi yomweyo pewani matenda.

Zizindikiro zapadera ndi zizindikiro

Mitundu yonse iwiri ya matenda a shuga imawoneka ofanana, chifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa zimafanana - shuga wambiri komanso kusowa kwa minofu. Zizindikiro za matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga amayamba ndikukula mwachangu, popeza nthendayi imadziwika ndi kukhathamira kwa magazi komanso kutsika kwamphamvu kwa minofu.

Zizindikiro zomwe mungakayikire matenda:

1. Kuchulukitsa diuresis. Impso zimayesetsa kuyeretsa magazi a shuga, kuchotsa mpaka malita 6 a mkodzo patsiku.
2. Ludzu lalikulu. Thupi liyenera kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa madzi otayika.
3. Njala yokhazikika. Maselo osowa glucose akuyembekeza kuti amupeza kuchokera ku chakudya.
4. Kuchepetsa thupi, ngakhale chakudya chochuluka. Mphamvu zama cell zomwe zimasowa shuga zimakwaniritsidwa ndikusweka kwa minofu ndi mafuta. Kuchulukitsa thupi kuchepa thupi ndikumafooka thupi pang'onopang'ono.
5. Kuwonongeka kwamphamvu kwa thanzi. Lethargy, kutopa msanga, kupweteka m'misempha ndi m'mutu chifukwa chosowa zakudya m'thupi.
6. Mavuto azikopa. Zosasangalatsa zomveka pakhungu ndi mucous nembanemba, kutsegula kwa matenda a fungus chifukwa cha shuga m'magazi.

Ngati mukukayikira mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga chifukwa cha zomwe zikubwera sizotheka nthawi zonse, ndiye kuti ndi mtundu 1, zonse ndizosavuta. Ndi chisamaliro chokwanira pa thanzi lawo, odwala amatha kutchulanso tsiku lenileni pamene kusintha kwa kapamba kunayambitsa kuphwanya kwakukulu kwa ntchito zake.

Komabe, pafupifupi 30% ya matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wamatenda amapezeka pokhapokha ngati ketoacidosis ipezeka - mkhalidwe woledzera mwamthupi.

Kusiyana kochokera ku mtundu wachiwiri

Pambuyo poyesedwa ndikuchitika kuti zidapezeka kuti shuga wambiri ndiye adayambitsa zizindikiro, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa shuga ndi mtundu.

Mutha kudziwa mtundu wa matenda ashuga omwe apangidwa ndi magawo otsatirawa:

Njira zingapo zochizira matenda amtundu 1 shuga

Cholinga cha chithandizo cha matenda a shuga ndikupeza chipukuta misozi. Matenda a shuga amawonjezera amawerengedwa pokhapokha magawo a magazi ndi zizindikiro zamagazi zimasungidwa mkati mwa nthawi yayitali kwa nthawi yayitali.

Mulingo wa glucose womwe umasowa shuga umalimbikitsidwa kuti ukhale wokwera pang'ono kuposa wabwinobwino kuti muchepetse vuto la hypoglycemia. Ngati chiwopsezo cha matendawa sichitha, ndipo shuga amatha kupitilizidwa popanda madontho akuthwa, shuga yofulumira imatha kuchepetsedwa kukhala yathanzi mwa munthu wathanzi (4.1-5.9) kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo cha zovuta za matenda ashuga.

Mankhwala a mtundu 1 wa shuga

Zotsatira zamankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga ndi moyo wogwira, wokhutiritsa wodwala. Pakakhala insulin yamkati, njira yokhayo yokwaniritsira izi ndikugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa insulin. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri kwa insulin kuchokera kunja kudzatsata kutulutsa kwatsopano, mphamvu ya wodwalayo imayandikira kwambiri ku metabolism yokhudzana ndi thupi, mwayi wa hypo- ndi hyperglycemia utachepa, ndipo sipangakhale mavuto ndi zotengera ndi dongosolo lamanjenje.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake mu gulu la mayiko odwala matenda amtunduwu amadziwika kuti amadalira insulin. Mankhwala ena onse amawonedwa ngati owonjezera, chithandizo chawo chimapangidwa kuti chichotse mawonekedwe a insulin, kuti achepetse kukula kwa zovuta chifukwa cha Mlingo wofunika wa insulin:

1. Ndi matenda oopsa, ACE inhibitors kapena beta-blockers amalembedwa - Enalapril, Betaxolol, Carvedilol, Nebivolol. Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa chimaperekedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kukakamizidwa kale mpaka 140/90 kuti muteteze wodwala matenda ashuga kuchokera ku chitukuko cha nephropathy.
2. Kusintha kwa mtima kumalepheretsedwa ndikuwongolera kachulukidwe ka magazi. Ngati pakufunika kuchepetsa madziwo, ma antiplatelet othandizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza, omwe ambiri ndi Asipirin wamba.
3. Ngati magazi a cholesterol ayamba kupitirira zomwe amatsata, ma statins amalembedwa kuti akuletsa kupanga cholesterol ochepa. Kusankhidwa kwa mankhwalawa ndi kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi Atorvastatin kapena Rosuvastatin monga chinthu chogwira ntchito.
4. Wodwala akayamba kunenepa kwambiri, amakhala kuti amadana ndi insulin. Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chomwe mphamvu ya maselo kulandira glucose imalephera ngakhale pomwe pali insulini. Metformin adalembedwa kuti azitha kukana.

Mlandu wina wosowa ndi chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa 1, pamene ma antibodies akuyamba kupanga. Zizindikiro zowonongeka kwa pancreatic panthawiyi sizikupezekabe, choncho mlandu wokhawo womwe ungathandize kuzindikira chiwonetsero cha matenda ashuga. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri mukagonetsa wodwala matenda oopsa kapena poyizoni. Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta, ma immunomodulators, hemodialysis, antidote therapy amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati chithandizo chikhala chapanthawi yake, chitukuko cha matenda obwera chifukwa cha insulin chitha kuchepetsedwa, koma palibe dokotala yemwe angatsimikizire kuti chitetezo cha mthupi sichidzapitiliza kuwononga kapamba mtsogolo.

Zakudya za Vitamini

Njira yabwino yoperekera mavitamini okwanira ndimakhala ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana komanso zopatsa thanzi. Vitamini zovuta zimayikidwa pokhapokha ngati pali zovuta zakudya kapena zovuta zina zomwe zimalepheretsa zakudya zabwino. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mavitamini ndikotheka ndikupatsanso shuga. Shuga wambiri amachititsa kuti mkodzo uwonjezeke, pomwe zinthu zofunika kuzimitsa thupi zimatsitsidwa. Hyperglycemia imathandizira kuti mapangidwe opanga mwachangu apangidwe mwaulere kwambiri. Mavitamini okhala ndi antioxidant amatha kuthana nawo.

Opanga mavitamini okonzekera odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatulutsa zovuta zapadera. Anawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe odwala matenda ashuga samasowa nthawi zambiri: mavitamini C, B6, B12, E, kufufuza zinthu chromium ndi zinc. Nthawi zambiri kuposa ena, mavitamini a ku Germany Doppelherz asset ndi Verwag pharma kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga, omwe amakhala ndi Alphabet Diabetes ndi omwe amapatsidwa.

Kudya

Mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zaloledwa kukhala ndi matenda amtundu 1 zawonjezeka momwe mankhwala apangira. Ngati kale matendawa amafunikira chakudya chopanda chakudya chopatsa mphamvu, ndiye pakubwera kwa insulini yokumba, ma glucometer onyamula, ndi zolembera, syrl odwala adayamba kuyandikira nthawi zonse. Zakudya zomwe zalimbikitsidwa pakadali pano ndizachakudya chokwanira, chopatsa thanzi.

Atangozindikira kuti ali ndi vutoli, pali malire ena. Imodzi ndi kuwerengera kwa insulin ndi adokotala omwe amapezeka, chakudya chimawerengedwa. Ziyenera kukhala zokwanira mu zopatsa mphamvu, mavitamini, zophatikiza michere. Mukamawerengera odwala, kulemera kwa kunenepa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa zochita zake zolimbitsa thupi. Ndi ntchito yokhazikika, zopatsa mphamvu pa kg iliyonse ya kulemera pamafunika 20, kwa osewera - katatu.

Pa nthawi yosankha mankhwala a insulin, zakudya zimayatsidwa malinga ndi malamulo otsatirawa:

1. Nthawi zambiri mumadya pafupipafupi. Moyenera - 3 zazikulu ndi zitatu zokhwasula-khwasula.
2. Kusowa kwa mipata yanjala - kudumpha zakudya kapena kuchedwa.
3. Kupatula kwathunthu kwa chakudya chamagulu (onani nkhani yatsatanetsatane yokhudza kudya mwachangu komanso pang'onopang'ono mafuta owonjezera).
4. Kupeza michere yofunikira makamaka kuchokera ku zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi fiber yambiri.

Malamulowa amapereka shuga yemwe amafanana kwambiri ndimagazi, motero mulingo wabwino wa insulin ndiosavuta kusankha. Wodwala akamaphunzira kuwongolera shuga, zakudya zimasiyanasiyana. Kubwezera koyenera kwa matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga kumakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya zinthu popanda zoletsa.

Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin

Kuti tilingalire bwino momwe thupi limapangidwira kupangira insulin, kukonzekera kwa insulin kosiyanasiyana kumachitika. Insulin yotalikilapo imalowa m'malo mwa secaltion ya basal, yomwe imapitilira thupi lonse kuzungulira nthawi. Short insulin - kutsanzira kuyankha kwamphamvu kwa kapamba mpaka pakudya mafuta. Nthawi zambiri, jakisoni 2 wa insulin yomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali komanso insulin yaying'ono yachitatu imayikidwa tsiku lililonse.

Mlingo wowerengedwa ukasintha nthawi zonse mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Ana amafunikira insulini yambiri panthawi yomwe akukula mwachangu, koma akamakula, mlingo pa kilogalamu yolemera umachepa. Mimba mwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 amafunikanso kusintha kwakanthawi kachipatala, chifukwa kufunika kwa insulin kumasiyana kwambiri nthawi zosiyanasiyana.

Njira yachikhalidwe ya mankhwala a insulin ndiyo kuyambitsa Mlingo wa insulin, womwe umawerengeka kumayambiriro kwa chithandizo. Inkagwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale isanayambike glucometer yonyamula. Kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi kumatanthauza kuti wodwala aziletsa zambiri pazakudya, popeza amakakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zimawerengedwa kamodzi. Chiwembuchi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala omwe sangathe kuwerengera payokha mlingo wofunikira. Chithandizo chotere chimakhala chodzaza ndi hyperglycemia pafupipafupi chifukwa cha zolakwa za zakudya.

Chithandizo chachikulu cha insulin ndikuyambitsa insulini, kutengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya, kuyeza shuga kwa magazi, kuchita zolimbitsa thupi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, Tsopano iyi ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera ku mashuga apamwamba komanso zovuta.. Izi ndizosavuta kulekerera, popeza sizifunikira kutsatira kwambiri zakudya. Ndikokwanira kudziwa kuti ndi zakudya zochuluka motani zomwe zimatsitsidwa musanadye chilichonse, kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin ndikulowetsani musanadye. Sukulu zapadera za matenda ashuga, zomwe odwala onse amatumiziridwa, zithandizira kumvetsetsa zowerengera.

Kuwerengera mlingo wa insulin yochepa kumachitika motere:

1. Zakudya zamtundu umodzi zimalemedwa.
2. Dziwani kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu omwe ali mwa iwo. Pazomwezi, pali magome a zopatsa thanzi. Zambirizi zilinso phukusi lililonse.
3. Zakudya zomanga thupi zimasinthidwa kukhala magawo a mkate (XE). 1 XE = 12 g wamafuta abwino.
4. Mlingo wofunikira wa mankhwala amawerengedwa. Nthawi zambiri, 1 XE imakhala ndi gawo limodzi la insulin. Ndalamayi ndiyokhawokha ndipo imadziwika ndi dokotala posankha.

Kuthandiza kwambiri kuwerengera kumeneku ndi mapulogalamu apadera a ma foni a foni omwe sangathe kudziwa kuchuluka kwa insulini yokha, komanso kusunga kuchuluka kwa mafuta owonjezera, insulin, ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kusanthula kwa tsatanetsataneyu kumathandizira kusintha kwa mlingo kuti mupeze glycemia.

Kodi matenda amtundu wa 1 wodwala angachiritsidwe kwamuyaya

Ndikosatheka kuchiritsa matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga ndi mtundu waumoyo wa chitukuko cha mankhwala. Mankhwala onse amatupa kuti afotokozere za kuchepa kwa insulin komanso kupewa mavuto. Malo olimbikitsa m'zaka zikubwerazi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapampu a insulin, omwe amasinthidwa chaka ndi chaka ndipo tsopano akhoza kupereka chindapusa cha shuga kuposa kuwerengera kwamankhwala a insulin.

Funso ndiloti ngati kapamba amatha kuchiritsidwa ndikuwonongeka maselo obwezeretsedwa, asayansi akhala akufunsa kwa zaka zambiri.Tsopano ali pafupi kwambiri ndi yankho lathunthu ku vuto la matenda ashuga. Njira yakhazikitsidwa yopezera maselo a beta otayika kuchokera ku maselo a tsinde, mayesero azachipatala a mankhwala omwe ali ndi maselo a pancreatic akuchitika. Maselo amenewa amaikidwa mu zipolopolo zapadera zomwe sizingawononge ma antibodies opangidwa. Mwambiri, gawo limodzi lokha kumalire.

Ndi odwala matenda ashuga angati

Ziwerengero zamasiku onse odwala matenda ashuga sizitchedwa kuti zabwino: ku Russia, ngati ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba, abambo amakhalabe ndi moyo zaka 57, azimayi mpaka zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi mphambu zisanu ndi chimodzi. Imfa za ana ndi achinyamata, omwe amadwala matenda ashuga okha amayamba ndi ketoacidosis ndi chikomokere, zimakhudza ziwerengero. Mkulu akamakula, amatha kutha kuthana ndi matenda ake, momwemonso nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi matenda a shuga.

Kubwezera zokwanira kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumachita zodabwitsa, odwala amakhala ndi ukalamba popanda zovuta zilizonse. Izi zitha kutsimikiziridwa ndi ziwerengero pakuwonetsa mendulo ya Joslin. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chapadera choperekedwa kuti muchite bwino polimbana ndi matenda ashuga. Poyamba, idaperekedwa kwa odwala onse omwe akhala ndi matenda awa kwa zaka 25. Pang'onopang'ono, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe apatsidwa chinawonjezeka, nthawi inayamba kuchuluka. Tsopano mphotho "zaka 80 ndi matenda ashuga" imakhala ndi munthu m'modzi, anthu 65 amakhala zaka 75, zaka 50 - masauzande ambiri odwala matenda ashuga.

Pa tsambali pamalopo pali mawu akuti "Kupambana kwa munthu ndi mankhwala." Zimawonetsera momwe zinthu zilili masiku ano - ndi mtundu 1 wa shuga ndikotheka kukhala ndi moyo bola anthu azikhala athanzi, mukufunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito mwanzeru zomwe mukwaniritse masiku ano.