Type 1 shuga mellitus: Zizindikiro, kudya komanso kupewa matenda a shuga a mtundu I

Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, matenda a shuga amawonedwa ngati matenda okhudzana ndi zaka - ali aang'ono, owerengeka adadwala matendawa. Tsoka ilo, m'zaka zaposachedwa pakhala chizolowezi chokhala ndi matenda ashuga akadali achichepere. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa m'magulu achikulire ndi achinyamata zimasiyana: ngati ndi zaka izi zimapangitsa kuti kufooka kwa ziwalo za thupi, kuphatikizapo zikondwerero, ndiye kuti mthupi laling'ono limachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa insulin. M'mbuyomu, mtundu uwu wa matenda a shuga unkatchedwa - "insulin-wodwala matenda a shuga." Tsopano zayamba kufala - mtundu 1 wa matenda ashuga. Ndi nthenda ya metabolic yodziwika ndi hyperglycemia.

Mndandanda wamaphunziro: hyperglycemia ndi chizindikiro cha matenda chosonyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga (shuga) m'mwazi wa magazi.

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 ndikuti kwachiwiri, thupi limatha kupanga insulin modekha, motero, limachepetsa shuga m'magazi. Mtundu woyamba wamatenda, insulini siyipangidwa mwaokha ndipo wodwala amadalira mwachindunji kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga ndi jakisoni wa insulin.

Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga amayamba ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri mpaka wodwalayo amatha kutchulanso tsiku lomwe zizindikiro zoyambirira za hyperglycemia zikutchulidwa:

• Pakamwa pakamwa;
• W ludzu;
• Kuyamwa mwachangu.

Kuchepetsa thupi kwambiri, nthawi zina kukafika mpaka makilogalamu 10-15 pamwezi, ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro za matenda amtundu 1 shuga.

Kutsimikizira kuti amadziwika ndi matendawa, kupenda magazi ndi mkodzo kwakhazikitsidwa. Ngati mayesowa akuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa shuga wambiri, ndipo ma acetone ndi glucose alipo mkodzo, kutsimikizika kwatsimikiziridwa.

Matenda a shuga a Mtundu woyamba ndi matenda otchedwa autoimmune, ndipo nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi matenda ofananawo - amafalitsa poizoni woperewera (matenda a Graves), autoimmune chithokomiro.

Njira ya matendawa

Ngakhale atayamba kwambiri, matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin amakula pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi yotsika, yotsika nthawi zina imatha zaka zingapo. Ndipo pokhapokha kuwonongedwa kwa maselo β maselo kufika 80% pazomwe matendawo amayamba kuonekera.

Mndandanda wa mawu: β - maselo - amodzi mwa mitundu ya maselo a endocrine kapamba. Maselo a Beta amatulutsa insulin ya m'magazi, yomwe imachepetsa shuga.

Pakukula kwa matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba, magawo asanu ndi amodzi ndi amodzi:

1. Gawo la kutengera kwa chibadwa. Dziwani kuti 2-5% yokha ya anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chibadwa chodziyimira 1 la shuga ndi amene amapeza. Kuti mupeze zodalirika zatchulidwe la matendawa, ndikofunikira kuti mupange kafukufuku wamtundu wa matendawa. Kukhalapo kwa ma antigen a HLA kumawonetsa kuti chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda okhudzana ndi insulin odabwitsa kwambiri. Mu seramu, chizindikirochi chikuwonekera zaka 5 mpaka 10 zisanachitike chiwonetsero cha matenda.
2. Chiyambireni cha autoimmune. Zinthu zakunja zomwe zimayambitsa kuyambika kwa matendawa zimatha kukhala - matenda a ma virus (mumps, rubella, cytomegalovirus), mankhwala, kupsinjika, zakudya - kugwiritsa ntchito mkaka posakanikirana ndi mapuloteni amanyama pakupanga, zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi nitrosamines. Mu 60% ya milandu, zinali zinthu zakunja zomwe zidakhala batani loyambira la matenda a shuga 1. Pancreatic insulin secretion sichinawonongeke pakadali pano, koma kuyesedwa kwa immunological kumatsimikizira kale kupezeka kwa ma antibodies.
3. Kukula kwa matenda amisala. Nthawi zina amatchedwa insulin. Pakadali pano, palibe kusintha kwa metabolic, koma kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono kwa maselo a beta kumayamba kuchitika. M'magazi mumakhala ma anti-ma antibodies osiyanasiyana pamagulu osiyanasiyana a β-cell - ma antibodies kuti insulin. Gawo lilibe mawonekedwe. Pozindikira (nthawi zambiri kuyezetsa kwa glucose), kutayika kwa gawo loyambirira la insulin kumadziwika.
4. Matenda owopsa a immunological - matenda abwinobwino a shuga. Ngakhale kulekerera kwa shuga kumakhala kovuta, komabe pakalibe zizindikiro zamatenda a shuga. Chiyeso chololera pakamwa cha glucose chikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa glucose othamanga, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa pafupifupi theka la β-cell. Nthawi zambiri odwala pakadali pano amadandaula za malaise, mobwerezabwereza furunculosis, conjunctivitis.
5. Matenda a shuga oonekera bwino a mtundu woyamba wokhala ndi insulin. Pakadali pano, zizindikiro zonse zamatenda zimawonekera bwino. Matendawa amakhala pachimake - popanda kulandira chithandizo choyenera, pakatha milungu iwiri matenda opha - matenda ashuga ketoacidosis. Kuwonongeka kwa β-cell kumafika ku 80-90%, komabe, zobisika zotsalira za insulin zimasungidwa. Ngati chithandizo cha insulin chakanthawi chikuyambitsidwa, mwa odwala ena mumayamba nyengo yokhazikika ya matendawa - "chotsekemera cha uchi", chodziwika ndi chosowa chochepa cha insulin.
6. Chidziwitso cha shuga chowoneka bwino ndi kuperewera kwathunthu kwa insulin - matenda ashuga kwathunthu. Kuwonongeka kwa maselo a β-cell afika pamlingo wovuta, kubisika kwa insulin kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu ndi thupi. Kagayidwe kabwinobwino sikutheka popanda kuchuluka kwa insulin nthawi zonse.

Osati muzochitika zonse zamatenda a shuga 1, momwe matendawa amayambira.

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a insulin

Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba ndicho kudya kwambiri komanso jakisoni wambiri wa insulin kapena kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Tsoka ilo, matenda a shuga siachiritsi. Cholinga cha mankhwalawa ndikuthandizira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito komanso kupewa zotulukazo.

Ngati mlingo wa insulin amawerengedwa molondola, palibe kusiyana kwapadera kuchokera ku menyu a munthu wamba. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikofunikira kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta omwe amadya mosavuta. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muwerenge kuchuluka kwa insulini molondola momwe mungathere.

Mfundo zofunika kuzitsatsa:

• Chakudya chizikhala chosiyanasiyana momwe mungathere;
• Zakudya zoyenera - osachepera kanayi pa tsiku, m'magawo ang'onoang'ono;
• Gawo wamba pa chakudya ndi 500-600 zopatsa mphamvu, ngati pakufunika kuchepetsa thupi, ndiye kuchepera;
• Kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta kumatha kuwonjezeredwa panthawi yolimbitsa thupi - maulendo opita kudziko, maphunziro;
• Ndikofunikira kupatsa chidwi ndi mbale zonyowa. Mafuta, okazinga, onunkhira, osuta - ochepa okha.

Zofunika! Osadumpha chakudya ndi matenda ashuga mulimonse. Monga kudya kwambiri.

Makamaka chidwi chake chikuyenera kulipidwa ku zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsekemera - zina zimakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu pang'ono kuposa shuga. Zokometsera zama-calorie otsika zimaphatikizapo aspartame, saccharide, stevioside, cyclamate. Fructose, xylitol ndi sorbitol zili ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri. Musaiwale kuti zotsekemera zimawerengedwa mukawerengera kuchuluka kwa insulini, kuphatikiza si zonse ndizosavuta, kuvulaza ndi mapindu a fructose ali ofanana!

Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kutsatira zakudya za ana odwala komanso achinyamata. Kumbali ya makolo, kuyang'anira nthawi zonse ndikofunikira kuti mwana asadye zakudya zoletsedwa komanso kuti asayambitse zovuta zazikulu.

Zogulitsa zomwe zaletsedwa kwambiri m'matenda a shuga a mitundu yoyamba: chokoleti, masikono, shuga, kupanikizana, ndi maswiti ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chamagulu am'mimba. Zipatso - mphesa.

Mlingo wa insulini uyenera kuwerengedwa pachakudya chilichonse komanso tsiku lililonse, ngakhale zakudya zomwe dzulo sizinasinthe kwambiri masiku ano. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa chakuti kufunika kwa insulini kumasintha masana.

Yang'anani! Mowa!

Mlingo wochepa wa mowa wapa matenda amtundu wa 1 saletsa. Kuopsa kokumwa mowa ndikutsatiranso - kuledzera, munthu sangathe kusintha vuto lake ndipo samazindikira nthawi zonse zowopsa za kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo alibe nthawi yopangira jakisoni wa insulin.

Kuphatikiza apo, boma la hypoglycemic ndi zizindikiro zake zimagwirizana ndi zizindikiro za kuledzera - kuyankhula kosokoneza, kusokonekera kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe. Ndipo ngati izi zidayamba pagulu, kununkhira kwa mowa sikulola ena kuti awone kuyipa kwa moyo wa anthu panthawi. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yofunika kupulumutsa moyo imasowa.

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamoyo wamunthu aliyense. Mu matenda a shuga, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi sikutsutsana, koma pali malamulo ena kuti apangitse kuti azitha kuthandiza thupi.

1. Lamulo loyamba. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zitha kuchitidwa pokhapokha poyambira kubwezeretsedwa kwa shuga kwa nthawi yayitali. Pa shuga wambiri wa 15 mmol / l, masewera olimbitsa thupi amatsutsana.
2. Lamulo lachiwiri. Ndi katundu wogwira - maphunziro akuthupi, kusambira, ngakhale chimbale - muyenera kudya 1 X.E. theka lililonse la ola. Komanso. Ikhoza kukhala chidutswa cha mkate, apulo.
3. Lamulo lachitatu. Ngati zolimbitsa thupi ndizokwanira, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa mlingo wa insulin ndi 20-50%. Ngati hypoglycemia ikadadzipangitsa kumverera, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti izilipira pakumwa zovuta zam'thupi - madzi, zakumwa za shuga
4. Lamulo Lachinayi Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumachitika bwino patatha maola angapo chakudya chachikulu. Pakadali pano, mwayi wokhala ndi hypoglycemia ndiwotsika.
5. Lamulo lachisanu. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ziyenera kuganizira za zomwe wodwalayo ali nazo - m'badwo, kulimba, thanzi lathunthu.

Onetsetsani kuti mumamwa madzi okwanira, chifukwa panthawi yolimbitsa thupi thupi limachepa. Muyenera kumaliza makalasi pochepetsa kulimbitsa thupi, kusunthira kumawotha. Izi zimathandizira kuti thupi lizizizira pang'onopang'ono ndikuyenda mochita bwino.