Insulin yofulumira: malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito, tebulo loyambira

Pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, analogue of the human hormone insulin idapangidwa koyamba. Ndipo kuyambira pamenepo zasinthidwa kuti odwala matenda ashuga agwiritse ntchito mitundu ingapo ya insulini kuti azikhala ndi shuga yabwinobwino m'magazi, kutengera moyo wawo.

Monga mukudziwa, insulin imapezeka m'thupi kumbuyo ndipo imapangidwa ndi kapamba pambuyo pazakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta ochulukirapo.

Ndi chitukuko cha matenda a shuga, chifukwa chachikulu ndikuphwanya magwiridwe antchito a endocrine komanso kusatheka kwa kapangidwe ka insulin. Zotsatira zake, shuga ya m'magazi a munthu imakwera pang'onopang'ono, yotsalira kwambiri, zomwe zimatsogolera kukula kwa matenda osokoneza bongo komanso zovuta zina.

Dokotalayo amapereka mankhwala a insulin kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a mtundu woyamba komanso nthawi zina wachiwiri. Nthawi yomweyo, insulin yochepa, yapakatikati kapena yayitali imaperekedwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga kutengera mawonekedwe a thupi. Gulu la insulin limasiyanasiyana malinga ndi moyo wa wodwala.

Nthawi zambiri, chithandizo cha insulini chimachitika limodzi ngati wodwala matenda ashuga ataya nthawi yayitali komanso amakhala ndi insulin.

Ochita zinthu mwachidule amayerekeza kupanga insulini poyankha mafuta omwe amalowa m'thupi, ndipo omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali amakhala ngati insulin yakumbuyo.

Insulin yochepa ya shuga

Insulin yochepa imalowetsedwa m'thupi mphindi 30 mpaka 40 asanadye, pambuyo pake odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudya. Pambuyo pokonzekera insulin, kudumpha chakudya sikuloledwa. Wodwalayo amasankha nthawi yeniyeni payekha payekha, kuganizira mawonekedwe a thupi, njira ya matenda ashuga komanso mtundu wa chakudya.

Ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo onse omwe adokotala adapereka, chifukwa mtundu waufupi wa insulin uli ndi zochitika zake zapamwamba, zomwe ziyenera kugwirizana ndi nthawi yowonjezereka m'magazi a wodwalayo atatha kudya.

Ndikofunikanso kudziwa kuti mulingo wa chakudya womwe umamwetsa nthawi yomweyo, kotero kuti mulingo wa insulin womwe umayendetsedwa unkawerengedwa ndipo umatha kulipirira kuchepa kwa mahomoni.

Kuperewera kwa insulin kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndipo mlingo waukulu kwambiri, m'malo mwake, umachepetsa kwambiri magazi. Zosankha zonse ziwirizi ndizosavomerezeka, chifukwa zimabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa.

Nthawi zambiri amathandizidwa ndi odwala matenda ashuga ngati kuchuluka kwa glucose wawo atakwera atatha kudya. Ndikofunikira kuti odwala amvetsetse kuti zotsatira za insulin yochepa ndizambiri nthawi zambiri kuposa nthawi yowonjezereka ya shuga pambuyo podya.

Pachifukwa ichi, odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala ndi zina zowonjezera pakatha maola atatu kapena atatu pambuyo pa kuperekedwa kwa insulini kuti abwezeretse shuga m'magazi abwinobwino komanso kupewa kukula kwa hypoglycemia.

Momwe mungapangire insulin yochepa

• Mosasamala mtundu wa insulin yomwe yakhazikitsidwa mwachidule, wodwalayo ayenera kumangopereka chakudya chisanachitike.
• Insulin yochepa imakhala yabwino kwambiri ngati itengedwa pakamwa, yomwe imapindulitsa kwambiri komanso yopanda matenda ashuga.
• Kuti mankhwala obayidwa azilowetsedwa mofananamo, sikofunikira kuchita kutikita minofu jakisoni musanapereke insulin yochepa.
• Mlingo wa insulin yochepa umayikidwa palokha. Potere, achikulire amatha kulowa magawo 8 mpaka 24 patsiku, ndipo ana osaposa magawo 8 patsiku.

Kuti wodwala athe kuwerengera payokha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amaperekedwa, pali zomwe zimatchedwa insulin. Mlingo umodzi wa insulin yochepa uli ndi mlingo womwe umawerengeredwa kuti ukhale ndi gawo la mkate ndi mlingo kuti muchepetse magazi. Pankhaniyi, zigawo zonse ziwiri ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi zero.

Mwachitsanzo:

• Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi opanda kanthu ndikwabwinobwino, pamenepa gawo lachiwiri, lomwe limapangidwa kuti muchepetse shuga, lidzakhala zero. Mtengo woyamba udzatengera kuchuluka kwa mikate yomwe amakonza kuti idyedwe ndi chakudya.
• Ngati magazi a shuga ali pamimba yopanda kanthu ndipo amafanana ndi 11.4 mmol / lita, pamenepa mlingo wochepetsera shuga ukhale magawo awiri. Mlingo amawerengedwa potengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamafuta omwe amakonzedwa kuti adye ndi chakudya, kuyang'ana kwambiri kulakalaka.
• Ngati wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi malungo chifukwa cha chimfine, mtundu wochepa wa insulin nthawi zambiri umaperekedwa mu mlingo womwe umapangidwira malungo afupiafupi. 10 peresenti ya tsiku ndi tsiku mlingo ndi magawo anayi kuphatikiza mlingo wa mkate woti adyedwe.

Mitundu ya Insulin Yafupifupi

Masiku ano m'masitolo apadera mutha kupeza mitundu yambiri ya insulin yochepa, kuphatikizapo:

• Actrapid MM;
• Humulin;
• Insuman Rapid;
• Zachikhalidwe.

Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti posankha insulin yayifupi yomwe yapezeka kuchokera ku kapamba a nyama, nthawi zina, zotsatira zoyipa zimawonedwa chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi thupi la munthu.

Osatengera mtundu wa insulin yomwe idasankhidwa, mlingo uyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala.

Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kaimidwe ka insulin pafupipafupi, sinthani malo a jakisoni ndikutsatira malamulo osungira ndikugwiritsa ntchito insulin yayifupi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito insulin kuti muchepetse shuga

Magazi a wodwala amatha kuchuluka chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Ngati wodwala matenda ashuga ali ndi glucose woposa 10 mmol / lita, makonzedwe owonjezera a insulin amafunika.

Pofuna kuti zisamayende bwino, pali tebulo lapadera la odwala matenda a shuga, omwe amawonetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin pazomwe zikuwonetsa shuga.

Musanatenge njira zofunikira kuti shuga akhale magazi, muyenera kupenda chifukwa chakuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi. Simungachepetse shuga mwachangu kwambiri komanso muyezo waukulu. Kugwiritsa insulin kwambiri kungangovulaza thanzi, kumapangitsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa shuga m'magazi. Pambuyo pake, shuga amawonjezereka kwambiri ndipo wodwalayo adzakumana ndi kudumpha kwa shuga.

Ngati magazi a glucose ali pamwamba pa 16 mmol / lita, sikofunikira kuwonjezera kuchuluka pamwambapa komwe kukuwonetsedwa pagome. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyambitsa mtundu waifupi wa insulini pamiyeso ya ma unit 7, pambuyo pake, atatha maola anayi, shuga wa shuga ayenera kuyesedwa ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, mahomoni ochepa amayenera kuwonjezeredwa.

Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kokwezeka kwa nthawi yayitali, muyenera kufunsa dokotala ndikuyesa mayeso a mkodzo kuti pakhale matupi a ketone. Makamaka, zingwe zoyeserera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mupeze acetone mu uriket urine. Poyesa shuga mumkodzo, timiyeso tofanana tathu ta Urrigluk timagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin yochepa ndi acetone mu mkodzo

Acetone mu mkodzo amatha kudzikundikira pakakhala kusowa kwa chakudya m'zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa, maselo atasowa mphamvu ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta ngati mafuta.

Pakusweka kwamafuta mthupi, kupanga matupi owopsa a ketone, omwe amatchedwanso acetone, kumachitika. Nthawi yomweyo, shuga wamwazi amatha kutsika ndipo nthawi zambiri amatsika pansi pazovuta.

Ndi shuga wambiri komanso kupezeka kwa acetone mthupi, ndiye kuti mukusowa insulin m'magazi. Pachifukwa ichi, wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kupereka zowonjezera 20 peresenti ya tsiku lililonse la insulin yochepa.

Ngati maola atatu mutakhazikitsa mahomoni, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhalabe kokwanira komanso acetone imakwezedwa, muyenera kubwereza njirayi maola atatu aliwonse.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti acetone amawononga insulin mwachangu, kutsekereza momwe zimakhudzira thupi. Ngati kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi kwa 10-12 mmol / lita, muyenera kulowa mulingo woyenera wa insulin ndikudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi, pambuyo pake wodwala amabwerera ku regimen yake yovomerezeka. Acetone imatha kukhalabe m'thupi kwa nthawi yayitali, komabe, ndikofunikira kuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndikusintha shuga m'magazi.

Ndi kutentha kowonjezereka

Ngati munthu wodwala matenda ashuga akudwala matenda opitirira madigiri 37,5, muyenera kuyeza shuga m'magazi ndikuwonjezera mlingo wa insulin yochepa. Nthawi yonse ya kusintha kwa kutentha, insulini iyenera kuperekedwa musanadye. Pafupifupi, mlingo uyenera kuwonjezeka ndi 10 peresenti.

Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi mpaka madigiri 39 ndi kupitirira apo, Mlingo wa insulin tsiku lililonse umachuluka ndi 20-25 peresenti. Nthawi yomweyo, palibe nzeru kubaya insulin yayitali, chifukwa imayamba kuwola mwachangu chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri.

Mlingo wake uyenera kugawidwa tsiku lonse ndikuwathandizira pambuyo pa maola 3-4. Zitatha izi, muyenera kudya chakudya chamafuta ochepa, mpaka kutentha kwa thupi kumabwerera kwazonse. Acetone ikawoneka mkodzo, ndikofunikira kusinthira ku insulin yofotokozedwa pamwambapa.

Chitani masewera Olimbitsa Thupi Mwachidule

Ngati glucose wa magazi ndi woposa 16 mmol / lita, ndikofunikira kupanga zonse kuti thupi lanu lizisintha. Pambuyo pokhapokha izi, zolimbitsa zolimbitsa thupi zimaloledwa. Kupanda kutero, izi zitha kubweretsa kuwonjezeka kwambiri kwa shuga m'magazi.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mpaka 10 mmol / lita, maphunziro akuthupi, m'malo mwake, amathandizira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso kumatha kuyambitsa hypoglycemia. Ngati zolimbitsa thupi ndizakanthawi kochepa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musasinthe mlingo wa insulin, koma kudya chakudya champhamvu kwambiri theka lililonse la ola.

Ngati mukufuna kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa nthawi yayitali, insulini imachepetsedwa ndi 10-50 peresenti, kutengera mphamvu komanso nthawi yayitali yamasukulu. Ndikulimbitsa thupi nthawi yayitali, kuwonjezera pakuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwakanthawi, insulin yayitali imachepa.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kungangokulira pambuyo masiku awiri kapena atatu. Pachifukwa ichi, muyenera kusintha kuchuluka kwa insulin yomwe imayendetsedwa, pang'onopang'ono kubwerera ku regimen yokhazikika ya mahomoni.