C-peptide (kuchokera ku peptide yolumikizira ya Chingerezi, imatha kutanthauziridwa kuti "peptide yolumikizira") - chinthu chomwe chimapangidwa ndi cleavage wa proinsulin ndi peptidases ndicho chidziwitso cha kubisika kwa insulin. Ndizodabwitsa kuti oligopeptide yokha, mosiyana ndi insulin, ilibe vuto lililonse m'magazi, komabe, ndiyofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga: zadziwika kale kuti chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake, amayamba kuyambitsa zovuta.
Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a beta a kapamba, preproinsulin imapangidwa. Pambuyo pa cleavage kuchokera ku nthambi yaying'ono ya oligopeptide, imasandulika kukhala proinsulin. Ndi kuchuluka kwa glucose, ma molekyulu a proinsulin amagwera mu C-peptide (oligopeptide yotalika ndi 31 amino acid) ndi insulin yokha. Onsewa amasulidwa mumtsempha wamagazi. Pambuyo pobisalira, insulin ndi C-peptide kudzera m'mitsempha yama portal zimawonekera koyamba pachiwindi, pomwe 50% ya insulin imawonongeka. C-peptide imakhala yolimba - imapangidwa mu impso. Hafu ya moyo wa insulini m'magazi oyipa ndi mphindi 4, ndipo C-peptide ili pafupifupi 20. Chifukwa chake, mulingo wa chinthu ichi umadziwika ndikupanga insulin m'maselo a isanger a Langerhans kuposa insulin yokha.
Zizindikiro
Chifukwa chakuti C-peptide imawonekera m'magazi mu mular misa ndi insulin, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinsinsi cha insulin. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, ndi matenda amtundu 1 komanso matenda am'mbuyomu a 2, kuchuluka kwake m'magazi kumachepa. Poyambirira (ngakhale pamaso pa chiwonetsero), matenda a shuga 2 - amawonjezereka, komanso insulinoma (zotupa za pancreatic) - kuchuluka kwa zinthuzi m'magazi kumachulukitsidwa. Tiyeni tikambirane funsoli mwatsatanetsatane.
Mulingo wowonjezereka umawonedwa ndi:
insulin yodalira shuga
kulephera kwa aimpso
kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mahomoni
insulinoma
beta cell hypertrophy.
Mulingo wachepetsedwa umakhala ndi:
insulin yodalira matenda a shuga m'magulu a hypoglycemic,
mavuto.
Zowunikira
Kusanthula kumachitika:
Kuti adziwe molakwika kuchuluka kwa insulini yokhala ndi ma antibodies, omwe amasintha zizindikilo, zimawapangitsa kukhala ochepa. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochotsa chiwindi kwambiri.
Kuti mudziwe mtundu wa matenda am'mimba otsekemera a shuga komanso mawonekedwe a maselo a pancreatic beta posankha njira yamankhwala.
Kuzindikira zotupa za kapamba pambuyo poti amuchotsetse magazi.
Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kumayikidwa pa matenda otsatirawa:
Type 1 shuga mellitus, momwe mulingo wa mapuloteni amatsitsidwa;
Type 2 shuga mellitus, momwe zizindikiro zake ndizapamwamba kuposa zabwinobwino;
Mkhalidwe wa postoperative kuchotsa khansa mu kapamba;
Kusabereka ndi chifukwa chake - polycystic ovary;
Gestationalabetes mellitus (chiwopsezo cha mwana chikufotokozedwa);
Zovuta zosiyanasiyana pakupanga kwa kapamba;
Somatotropinoma;
Cushing's Syndrome.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuwunikaku kumakuthandizani kuti muzindikire zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a hypoglycemic mu shuga. Chizindikirochi chikuwonjezeka ndi insulinoma, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga.
Gawo limatsitsidwa, monga lamulo, mutatenga mowa wambiri kapena motsutsana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin yakale mosalekeza.
Phunziro limayikidwa ngati munthu wadandaula:
chifukwa cha ludzu losalekeza
kuchuluka kwamkodzo,
kunenepa.
Ngati kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga mellitus kwachitika kale, ndiye kuti kuwunikira kumachitika pofuna kudziwa mtundu wa chithandizo. Chithandizo chosasankhidwa bwino chimakhala ndi zovuta: nthawi zambiri, anthu amadandaula chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa miyendo ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya miyendo. Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikiro za kusagwira bwino kwa impso ndi matenda oopsa zitha kuonedwa.
Magazi a venous amatengedwa kuti awoneke. Kwa maola asanu ndi atatu musanayambe kuphunzira, wodwalayo sangathe kudya, koma mutha kumwa madzi.
Ndikofunika kuti musasute fodya osachepera maola atatu musanachite njirayi komanso kuti musakakamizidwe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso osachita mantha. Zotsatira zakuwunika zitha kudziwika patatha maola atatu.
Chikhalidwe cha C-peptide ndi kutanthauzira
Chikhalidwe cha C-peptide ndichofanana kwa akazi achikulire ndi amuna. Zotsatira sizitengera zaka za odwala ndipo ndi 0,9 - 7.1ng / ml.
Monga lamulo, mphamvu ya peptide imafanana ndi mphamvu ya ndende ya insulin. Kuthamanga kwamtunda ndi 0.78 -1.89 ng / ml (SI: 0.26-0.63 mmol / L).
Zakudya za ana munthawi iliyonse zimatsimikiziridwa ndi adotolo, popeza kuchuluka kwa chinthu chomwe mwana ali nacho mu nthawi ya kusala kudya kumatha kutsika pang'ono kuposa malire amodzi, popeza kachidutswa ka molekyulu ya proinsulin imasiya maselo a beta atangodya.
C-peptide ikhoza kuchuluka ndi:
- Hypertrophy ya maselo a islets a Langerhans. Madera a Langerhans amatchedwa madera a kapamba momwe insulin imapangidwira,
- kunenepa
- insulinoma
- mtundu 2 shuga
- khansa ya kapamba
- kuleza kwakutali kwa QT,
- kugwiritsa ntchito sulfonylureas.
- Kuphatikiza pazomwe zili pamwambapa, C-peptide imatha kuwonjezereka mukatenga mitundu ina ya othandizira a hypoglycemic ndi estrogens.
C-peptide imachepetsedwa:
- hypoglycemia,
- mtundu 1 shuga.
Komabe, zimachitika kawirikawiri kuti mulingo wa peptide m'magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu ndi wabwinobwino, kapena wapafupi ndi wabwinobwino. Pankhaniyi, ndizosatheka kudziwa mtundu wa matenda ashuga omwe munthu ali nawo. Muzochitika zoterezi, ndikofunikira kuti mupange mayeso apadera olimbikitsidwa kuti chizolowezi cha wodwala wina chidziwike.
Phunziroli litha kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito:
Jakisoni wa Glucagon (wokonda insulin), amalembedwa motsimikizika kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa kapena pheochromocytoma,
Mayeso a kulolerana ndi glucose.
Ndizabwino kwambiri kuyendetsera zisonyezo zonse ziwiri: kupenda zam'mimba zopanda kanthu komanso kuyesedwa koyesedwa. Tsopano ma labotale osiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa chinthucho, ndipo chizolowere ndichosiyana pang'ono.
Popeza talandira zotsatira za kuwunikirako, wodwalayo amatha kuyerekezera ndekha ndi zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito.
Peptide ndi shuga
Mankhwala amakono amakhulupirira kuti ndi C-peptide ndizosavuta kuyang'anira insulin. Kugwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku, ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa insulin (yomwe imapangidwa ndi thupi lenilenilo) insulin ndi insulin yakale. Mosiyana ndi insulin, oligopeptide sayankha ma antibodies a insulin, ndipo sawonongeka ndi ma antibodies awa.
Popeza mankhwala a insulin mulibe chinthu ichi, kuphatikiza kwake m'magazi a wodwalayo kumapangitsa kuti kuyesa kuchitika kwa maselo a beta. Kumbukirani: maselo a pancreatic beta amatulutsa insulin.
Mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga, oyambira kwambiri a peptide, makamaka kuphatikiza kwake pambuyo poti atulutse shuga, amapangitsa kuti amvetsetse ngati pali insulin. Kuphatikiza apo, magawo azikhululukiro amatsimikiziridwa, omwe amakupatsani mwayi kuti musinthe mankhwalawo.
Poganizira zinthu zonsezi, titha kunena kuti kusanthula kwa thunthuli kumatilola kuwunika momwe insulin ikusungidwa pazochitika zosiyanasiyana.
Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi antibodies a insulin, kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwa C-peptide nthawi zina kumatha kuwonedwa chifukwa cha ma antibodies omwe amadutsana ndi proinsulin.
Chofunika kwambiri chizisinthidwa pakusintha kwa mankhwalawa chifukwa cha ntchito ya insulinomas. Mulingo wapamwamba umawonetsa chotupa kapena metastases yobwerezabwereza.
Chonde dziwani: vuto la chiwindi kapena matenda a impso, kuchuluka kwa magazi a oligopeptide ndi insulin kungasinthe.
Kafukufuku akufunika pa:
Kuzindikira matenda ashuga
Kusankha kwa mitundu yamankhwala
Kusankha mtundu wa mankhwala ndi mankhwala,
Kuwona mulingo wa kuchepa kwa khungu la beta,
Kuzindikira kwa matenda a hypoglycemic,
Ziwerengero zakupanga insulin,
Tanthauzo la kukana insulin
Kuwunikira momwe atachotsera kapamba.
Kwa nthawi yayitali anthu ankakhulupirira kuti chinthucho sichikhala ndi ntchito zapadera, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti mulingo wake ukhale wabwinobwino. Pambuyo pazaka zambiri zakufufuza ndi mazana a mapepala asayansi, zinadziwika kuti puloteni iyi yovuta kwambiri imakhudzidwa:
- Ndi nephropathy,
- Ndi neuropathy
- Ndi matenda ashuga angiopathy.
Komabe, asayansi sanadziwebe momwe njira zoteteza zinthuzi zimagwirira ntchito. Mutuwu udakali wotseguka. Palibe mafotokozedwe asayansi pa izi, komabe, komanso chidziwitso cha zotsatira zoyipa za C-peptide ndi zoopsa zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Komanso, madokotala aku Russia ndi ku Western alephera pakadali pano kuti agwirizane ngati kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kuli koyenera pazovuta zina za shuga.
