Anthu ochulukirachulukira akufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala chifukwa cha matenda ashuga. Chiwerengero cha odwala omwe sakayikira ngakhale pang'ono kuti ali ndi matendawa chikuchulukirachulukira, ndipo amaphunzira za matendawa mwangozi akamatenga mayeso kapena nthawi ya mayeso. Kuti mudziteteze ku mawonekedwe a matenda awa, ndikofunikira kuchita njira zodzitetezera, koma vuto la matenda a shuga, chithandizo chiyenera kuyambitsidwa mwachangu. Ngati matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 amawerengedwa mwatsatanetsatane, kusiyana pakati pawo ndikofunikira, ndipo njira zosiyanasiyana zimafunikiranso kupewa komanso kuchiza. Kuti timvetsetse bwino, tidzapereka kufananizira mitundu iwiri yamatenda amodzi.
Kodi matenda ashuga ndi chiyani?
Matenda a shuga amadziwika ndi kuperewera kwa mafuta m'thupi, omwe amaphatikizidwa muzinthu zonse zamphamvu mthupi - shuga. Nthawi yomweyo, pali kuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa magazi ake, chifukwa choti magwiridwe antchito amasokonezeka, amavutika ndi vuto la kusowa kwa michere, kusowa bwino kwa michere kumachitika ndimafuta ndi mapuloteni, komanso zomwe zili munthawi zonse monga mchere ndi mchere.
Amawongolera zomwe zili ngati shuga m'magazi ndikufotokozera kwake kwakanthawi kwamankhwala ndipo mkati mwa maselo a mahomoni a beta a kapamba - insulin. Ndiye amene amatha kuwonjezera kupezekanso kwa cell khoma la shuga, yambitsa ma enzymes enaake m'matumbo am'mimba, omwe amatha kuphwanya chakudya chomwe chikuchitika m'magazi. Mothandizidwa ndi insulin, zinthu zofunikira mkati mwa maselo ndi ma cell ake zimapangidwa, zomwe zimayambitsa kagayidwe kameneka ndikupatsa mphamvu.
Ndi chitukuko cha matendawa, ntchito za ma cell a kapamba zimatha kuchepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa insulin m'madzi am'magazi. Chakudya chilichonse chikatha, glucose amadzuka ndikukhalanso wokhalitsa kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta.
Ndizothekanso kuti chitetezo champhamvu chokhudzana ndi insulin chimayamba m'thupi lathu. Nthawi yomweyo, kuwonjezeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa shuga m'magazi kumawonedwa, chifukwa popanda zomwe zimachitika ndi insulin glucose kulowa mu cell atsekedwa.
Gulu
Mikhalidwe yotsatirayi imalumikizidwa ndi milingo yayikulu yamagazi:
- prediabetes - chikhalidwe chomwe chimakhala chisanayambike matenda ashuga, pomwe shuga m'magazi amasungidwa mosalekeza. Vutoli limadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa zinthu zingapo (glucosuria, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda am'mimba, matenda a chiwindi, bile duct, matenda a kapamba), zomwe zingayambitse kukula kwa matenda awa, chifukwa chake, kupewa matenda, ndikofunikira kupatula zinthu izi;
- Matenda a shuga - amapezeka motsutsana ndi pakati pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, panthawiyi, thupi la mkazi limapangidwanso ndipo ziwalo zina zamkati sizitha kugwira ntchito yawo mokwanira. Izi zimadziwika ndi kusintha kwakanthawi pamagetsi a glucose a thupi, omwe atatha kuthetsa pakati amapita popanda kufufuza;
- mtundu 1 shuga mellitus - amadalira insulin, chifukwa zimachitika chifukwa chosakwanira kupanga insulin ndi kapamba. Mtunduwu ukhoza kubadwa ndi kutengedwa. Njira yoyamba imatha kudziwonetsa kale paubwana ndipo imafuna chithandizo chanthawi zonse, ndipo chachiwiri chimachitika kwambiri mwa akulu pambuyo pa matenda kapena kuwonongeka kwa thupi komwe kumateteza insulin, pomwe chithandizo chitha kuchitika popanda kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga;
- mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga - nthawi zambiri ndimatenda omwe amapezeka ndipo amapezeka mwa anthu onenepa omwe amamwa chakudya chochuluka. Nthawi yomweyo, pali insulin yokwanira, yomwe singakhale yokwanira muyezo wamagulu a shuga. Vutoli silikudalira kuchuluka kwa insulini, chakudya chothandiza chithandiza shuga.
Kusiyana machitidwe opanga chitukuko cha mtundu 1 ndi mtundu 2 shuga
Poganizira momwe amapangira matenda amtundu wa 1 komanso matenda amtundu wa 2, ndikofunikira kuganizira zomwe aliyense wa iwo ali. Kumvetsetsa momwe matendawa amakulira komanso kukula, ndikotheka kuchita njira zothandizira komanso zochizira zomwe cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa kapena kuchedwetsa kukula kwa matendawa.
Kukula kwa matenda amtundu wa 2 komanso matenda amitundu iwiri komanso kusiyana kwawo:
- kupezeka kwa matenda pa mtundu woyamba ndikuchepetsa kuphatikizika kwa kapamba. Izi zimatha kuchitika ali mwana, pakakhala zolakwika (abale apafupi akudwala nthendayi). Maselo a pancreatic amawononga chitetezo chazinthu cha munthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsika kwa ma insulin opanga insulin. Komanso, zoterezi zimatha kuchitika mwa akulu omwe adutsa mumps, kapamba, mononucleosis, lupus erythematosus ndi matenda ena omwe amasintha kugwira ntchito kwa chitetezo chathupi. Chifukwa china chopititsa patsogolo matenda a shuga 1 ndikulepheretsa kuchitapo kanthu pa opaleshoni, pomwe gawo lalikulu la kapamba linachotsedwa;
- matenda ashuga mtundu wachiwiri Nthawi zambiri kumachitika motsutsana ndi maziko olemera thupi, komanso osagwirizana ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi ma carbohydrate othamangitsa kumapangitsa kuti chiwopsezo cha adipose chizigwira thupi. Chifukwa cha izi, kapamba amagwira ntchito mopitilira muyeso, ndipo izi zimakwiyitsa kukula kwa mphamvu ya thupi yolimbana ndi zovuta za insulini, komanso kufooka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kapamba palokha. M'masiku oyamba, izi zitha kulipidwa ndi chithandizo cha zakudya, koma ngati simutsatira, muyenera kusintha jakisoni wa insulin tsiku ndi tsiku. Mtunduwu wa matenda ashuga nthawi zambiri umakhudzidwa ndi achikulire, koma mdziko lamakono ndi chitukuko cha kutchuka kwa zakudya zomwe zili ndi mafuta ambiri othamanga, ana akuvutika kwambiri ndi kunenepa kwambiri, komwe pambuyo pake kumadzakhala shuga.
Mkhalidwe wazakudya muubwana ungakhale wopangitsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga kwa ana. Pankhani yakakana kuyamwitsa ndi kusinthanitsa mkaka wa m'mawere wokhala ndi mitundu yotsika ya mwana wakhanda, pamakhala chiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda ashuga a 1 kwa ana. Ndipo nthawi yayikulupo (wamkulu kuposa zaka zitatu), kulumikizidwa ndimaswiti komanso osayang'anira zakudya zofunikira kwa mwana kungayambitse kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.
Zizolowezi zoyipa, kudya kwambiri, kumangokhala, kugwira ntchito kwakanthawi, kuyenda mosavutikira kungayambitse kukula kwachiwiri kwa matenda ashuga. Kukhala mu mpweya watsopano pansi pa kuwala kwa dzuwa kumakwiyitsa kupanga vitamini D, ndipo ikasowa, chidwi cha minofu kuti insulin ichepe. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti malo omwe amapezeka amatha kubweretsa chiwopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga. Anthu okhala kumadera akumpoto ambiri amakonda kwambiri matenda ashuga awa.
Kusiyana muzochitika za matenda ashuga
Kuwerenga zisonyezo za matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri, mutha kupeza zambiri zofanana. Zina mwa zinthu monga izi:
- Udzu wambiri - pomwe suchepa, ngakhale mumakonda kumwa madzi. Vutoli limawonetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi ndi kuphwanya kwamchere wamchere.
- Kuyamwa mwachangu - kumayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa madzi, mchere ndi kufufuza zinthu zomwe zimakhudzana ndi metabolism yamphamvu mkati mwa maselo a thupi.
- Kumverera kwa kuperewera kwa chakudya kapena njala - mitundu yonse iwiri ya matenda a shuga imayendera limodzi ndi chizindikiro ichi.
- Kutopa, kufooka, kusokonekera - zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikirazi zimatha kukhala mphamvu yanjala ya muubongo, chifukwa glucose ndiye chakudya chachikulu cha minofu yamanjenje.
Zina zophatikizika zitha kuganiziridwa pagome lotsatira.
Mtundu woyamba 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 shuga umatha kutsagana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga mu seramu yamagazi, komwe kumatha kupangitsa kuti matenda adziwe popanda matenda kuchita njira zoyenera zofufuzira. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kudalira chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso cha dokotala, yemwe ayenera kudziwa mtundu wa matenda a shuga ndi mawonekedwe awachipatala.
Kusiyana kwa mankhwalawa
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mtundu woyamba wa matendawa kuchokera kwachiwiri ndikuti kachiwiri, ndikothekanso kuchiritsa matendawa poyambira kutsatira malangizo onse a dokotala. Pankhani ya mtundu woyamba wa matenda, kuchiritsa nkosatheka. Koma kwa odwala oterowo, njira zikupangika mwachangu kuti pasakhale shuga m'gazi.
Chithandizo cha matenda a matenda a mtundu woyamba amakhala ndi kudya, kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga, machitidwe awo ali ndi cholinga cholimbikitsa kapamba, komanso kuchiritsira mankhwala ndi insulin.
Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa 2 chimakhala chokhala ndi kudya koyenera komanso kogwira mtima komwe kumachepetsa thupi, kukhalabe ndi moyo wogwira ntchito, komanso nthawi zina kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Zochita za mankhwala omwe amatengedwa ndi matenda ashuga cholinga chake ndi kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa khungu la insulin ndi shuga.
Pomaliza
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kukhala ndi malingaliro oyenera pa thanzi la munthu, kutsatira kwambiri chakudya, ndikukhalabe ndi moyo wathanzi kumathandizira kupewa zovuta zamatenda. Ndipo ngati pali matenda amtundu wachiwiri, chotsani vutoli kwathunthu.
