Mwa munthu wathanzi, kuthamanga kwa shuga kumakhala kuyambira 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L. Komabe, zizindikirozi sizikhala zokhazikika, chifukwa chake, kulumpha mumagazi a magazi kumatha kuchitika masana.
Zabwino kwambiri zam shuga zimawonedwa usiku komanso m'mawa kwambiri. Pambuyo pa kadzutsa, ndendeyo imadzuka, ndipo madzulo kumazungulira kwakukulu kumafika. Kenako mulingowo umatsikira pang'ono. Koma nthawi zina glycemia imapitilira zizolowezi zofunikira mutatha kudya chakudya chamagulu, ndipo patatha maola awiri awiri mkhalidwewo umakhazikika.
Kudumpha kwa shuga m'magazi kumachitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Ngati izi zimawonedwa pafupipafupi, ndiye kuti izi zitha kuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa matenda osokoneza bongo komanso mavuto ena azaumoyo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyesedwa bwino ndikupereka magazi a shuga.
Kodi magazi a shuga amasinthasintha chifukwa chiyani?
Zifukwa zomwe shuga imakhalira zimachulukana. Izi zitha kuchitika mukamamwa zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi (tiyi, khofi, mphamvu). Komabe, thupi limakhudzidwa mosiyanasiyana, ngakhale nthawi zina, khofi imalepheretsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.
Komanso zakudya zamaguluwa zimatha kuwonjezeka mukatha kudya zosowa zakunja. Mwachitsanzo, nkhuku mu msuzi wokoma ndi wowawasa wokhala ndi mpunga wokometsera kapena ng'ombe yokhala ndi zonunkhira zotentha.
Kuphatikiza apo, hypoglycemia imachitika anthu akamadya zakudya zochuluka zamafuta. Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa izi zimaphatikizapo:
- ma frie achi french;
- Pizza
- maswiti osiyanasiyana;
- olanda, tchipisi.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatha kuwonjezera osati kuchokera pazinthu zokhala ndi shuga. Mu diabetes, imakhalanso itatha kudya zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi wowuma komanso chakudya.
Koma chifukwa chiyani shuga amalumpha munthu akatsatira zakudya? Ana ndi akulu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chofooka nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chimfine, pomwe chitetezo chamthupi chimacheperanso. Nthawi yomweyo, maantibayotiki ndi ma prongestants, omwe amathandizanso kusintha kwa shuga, amatha kuperekedwa kwa odwala.
Komanso, shuga wamagazi amatha kutha atatenga ma antidepressants ndi corticosteroids, mwachitsanzo, prednisone. Mankhwala omalizawa ndi owopsa kwa odwala matenda ashuga, makamaka chifukwa amatha kuyambitsa matenda a hypoglycemia mwa mwana.
Kupsinjika kumapangitsanso hyperglycemia, yomwe imakonda kuchitika ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti muzitha kuwongolera thanzi lanu lam'maganizo mothandizidwa ndi masewera apadera, yoga, kapena maluso osiyanasiyana, monga masewera olimbitsa thupi a shuga.
Masiku ano, anthu ambiri odwala matenda ashuga omwe amachita masewera amakonda kumwa zakumwa kuti zithandizenso kuti madzi akhale athanzi. Komabe, ndi ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti zina mwa izo zimakhala ndi shuga komanso zinthu zina zomwe zimakhala zowopsa ku thanzi la wodwala.
Magazi a shuga m'magazi amatha kukwera chifukwa cha zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni;
- mavuto ndi kapamba (chotupa, kapamba);
- zovuta za endocrine;
- matenda a chiwindi (chiwindi, zotupa, matenda enaake).
Zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa shuga kulumpha ndi kugona, kutentha, ndi mowa. Mowa umayambitsa hypoglycemia, chifukwa umakhala ndi mafuta ambiri, koma nthawi zambiri pambuyo pa maola 2-4 pambuyo poti wagwiritse ntchito, kutsekemera kwa glucose, m'malo mwake, kumachepa kwambiri.
Koma kodi zomwe zimapezeka mu shuga zingachepe? Maonekedwe a hyperglycemia amalimbikitsidwa ndi kuchita zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi kufooka, kutopa, komanso kumva kuti mwapanikizika.
Komanso, kulumpha mu shuga kumatha kusala komanso kudya mosasamala. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kupewa hypoglycemia, ndikofunikira kudya kasanu patsiku komanso magawo ang'onoang'ono. Kupanda kutero, posachedwa wodwala amakhala ndi mavuto am'matumbo ndi kapamba.
Ma diuretics amachititsanso kuti shuga adumphe. Kupatula apo, mukamamwa iwo pafupipafupi, shuga amatsukidwa kunja kwa thupi, osakhala ndi nthawi yokhala ndi ma cell.
Kuphatikiza apo, hypoglycemia imatha kupezeka nthawi ngati izi:
- kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni;
- kupsinjika ndi khunyu;
- kupsinjika
- matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus omwe kutentha kumakwera.
Zizindikiro zomwe zimatsagana ndi kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi
Shuga akamayamba kulumpha, munthu amakhala ndi ludzu kwambiri, amafunafuna kukodza, makamaka usiku. Pankhaniyi, kuchepa thupi kumapangitsa kuti impso zisachite bwino. Ndi matenda am'matumbo, zomwe zimachitika ndi matenda amtundu 1, sizingatheke kuthetsa ludzu mpaka kuchuluka kwa glucose kuphatikizire.
Komanso, khungu la wodwalayo limasanduka lotumbululuka, lomwe limachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a zovuta zamagazi. Ndipo dermis yake imakhala yovutirapo komanso kuwonongeka kulikonse kumachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikuwonjezereka kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizira kutopa, kukwiya, komanso kuchepa kwa ntchito. Izi ndichifukwa choti glucose simalowa m'maselo ndipo thupi salandira mphamvu zokwanira. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2.
Poyerekeza ndi matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia, munthu amatha kuchepa thupi kwambiri ndi chidwi chofuna kudya. Kupatula apo, thupi limayamba kugwiritsa ntchito minofu yamafuta ndi minofu ngati gwero lamphamvu.
Komanso, chizindikiro chachikulu cha shuga chimatsatiridwa ndi zizindikilo monga:
- mutu
- nseru kukulira pakati chakudya;
- kuwonongeka kwamawonekedwe;
- Chizungulire
- kusanza mwadzidzidzi.
Ngati shuga amakwezedwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti wodwalayo amakhala wamanjenje, wosazindikira komanso kukumbukira kwake kumawonjezeka. Amatayikanso kwambiri, ndipo kusokonezeka kosasinthika kumachitika mu ubongo wake. Pankhani ya kuwonjezera pazovuta (kupsinjika, matenda), wodwalayo atha kudwala matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis.
Zizindikiro za hypoglycemia zimachitika pamene gawo la glucose lili m'munsi mwa 3 mmol / L. Zizindikiro monga kuzizira, kuthamanga kwa mtima, chizungulire, kufooka kwa khungu, ndi njala kumachitika. Amawonekeranso mantha, kupweteka mutu, kusokonezeka mu ndende ndikugwirizanitsa kayendedwe.
Kudumphadumpha mu shuga mumagazi mumatha shuga. Nthawi zina munthu amayamba kudwala matenda ashuga.
Pali magawo atatu a kuopsa kwa hypoglycemia, omwe amakhala ndi zizindikiro:
- Kufatsa - kuda nkhawa, nseru, kusokonekera, tachycardia, njala, dzanzi la milomo kapena chala, kuzizira.
- Yapakatikati - mantha, kusowa chidwi, chikumbumtima chosazindikira, chizungulire.
- Zambiri - kupsinjika, khunyu, kusiya kuzindikira komanso kuchepetsa kutentha kwa thupi.
Zizindikiro monga njala yayikulu, kulakalaka maswiti, kupweteka mutu komanso kulephera kupeza nthawi yopumira pakati pa chakudya kungathandize mwana kudumphira shuga.
Kuphatikiza apo, mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga am'mawere, masinthidwe amawonongeka, matenda amkati ndi khungu (pyoderma, ichthyosis, furunculosis ndi ena) amakula.
Momwe mungasinthire zinthu?
Gawo loyamba ndikuzindikira kuchuluka kwa shuga mumagazi. Mwa izi, glucometer imagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba. Mutha kuthandizanso dokotala ndikuyesa mayeso a labotale, makamaka ngati kusintha kwa glucose kumachitika mwa mwana.
Ngati hyperglycemia kapena hypoglycemia ikachitika mwadzidzidzi, mungafunike kumwa mankhwala apadera. Komabe, vuto la mankhwalawa ndikuti mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo umakhala wokhazikika pazomwe akuchita. Chifukwa chake, ndikwabwino kupewa kusintha kwa glucose pogwiritsira ntchito njira zomwe zimapangitsa wodwala, monga Metformin.
Hypoglycemia yofatsa ndiyosavuta kuchotsa. Kuti muchite izi, idyani mankhwala okoma. Kuphatikiza apo, thupi lokha limafotokoza kuti amafunanji chakudya chofunikira kwambiri. Komabe, njirayi ndi yoyenera kwa anthu athanzi, chifukwa chake odwala matenda ashuga sayenera kutembenukiranso.
Kuti chizindikiro cha shuga chikhale chabwinobwino, munthu ayenera kuganizira mozama za moyo wake. Chifukwa chake, kupewa matenda a hyperglycemia, zinthu zotsatirazi zingathandize:
- Matenda a kulemera;
- kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zopatsa mphamvu pang'onopang'ono;
- kukana ufa, zotsekemera, fodya ndi mowa;
- kutsatira lamulo lamadzi;
- Zakudya zoyenera (mapuloteni, chakudya, mafuta azamasamba);
- kudya zakudya zazing'ono 5-6 pa tsiku;
- kuwerengetsa zopatsa mphamvu.
Kupewera kwa hypoglycemia kumakhalanso ndi kudya mokwanira, zomwe zimatanthawuza kukana zakudya zama calorie otsika. Ndipo anthu omwe amachita nawo zamasewera sayenera kutopetsa thupi pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri.
Chofunikanso ndichikhalidwe chokhazikika.
Coma pakusinthika kwa shuga mu ashuga
Ngati shuga la magazi alumpha kwambiri, wodwalayo amatha kudwala matenda ashuga. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, umatchedwa ketoacidosis. Ndipo mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda umayenda ndi hyperosmolar coma.
Ketoacidosis imawoneka pang'onopang'ono, imadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa acetone mu mkodzo. Poyamba, thupi limagwirizana ndi katunduyo, koma chikomokere, zimayamba kuoneka, kuledzera, kugona, malaise, ndi polydepsia. Zotsatira zake, munthu amataya chikumbumtima, chomwe nthawi zina chimatha kukhala chikomokere.
Hyperosmolar syndrome imayamba kwa milungu iwiri. Zizindikiro zake zimakhala zofanana ndi zizindikiro za ketoacidosis, koma zimawonekera pang'onopang'ono. Zotsatira zake, munthu amataya malingaliro ake ndikugwa.
Milandu iwiriyi imafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu. Atagonekedwa kuchipatala ndikuwazindikira msanga, wodwalayo adasinthika ndikuwonetsa shuga. Pankhani ya kukomoka kwa hyperglycemic, insulin imaperekedwa kwa wodwala, ndipo ngati vuto la hypoglycemic chikomokere, shuga.
Pamodzi ndi izi, kukhazikitsa kulowetsedwa, komwe kumayambitsa kuyambitsa thupi la mankhwala apadera ogwiritsa ntchito ma dontho ndi jakisoni, akuwonetsedwa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito oyeretsa magazi ndi mankhwala omwe amabwezeretsa ma electrolyte ndi mulingo wamadzi mthupi.
Kukonzanso kumatenga masiku awiri ndi atatu. Pambuyo pake wodwalayo amusamutsa ku dipatimenti ya endocrinology, komwe amayesedwa kuti akhazikitse mkhalidwe wake.
Nthawi zambiri anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba kapena wachiwiri wa shuga pawokha amalola kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi awo kukwera kapena kugwa. Izi zimachitika ngati odwala satsatira chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe dokotala amatsata, samatsata malamulo a kadyedwe kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zizolowezi zoipa. Odwala oterowo ayenera kuganiziranso zamakhalidwe awo, komanso kumvetsera malingaliro onse a dokotala, omwe angalepheretse chitukuko kapena kuzindikira kupitirira kwa zovuta.
Nthawi zambiri, pofuna kupewa kukula kwa hyperglycemia kapena hypoglycemia, madokotala ambiri amapereka Metformin. Awa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a gulu la Biguanides.
Ndimatenga Metformin ngati njira yowonjezera yowonjezera mankhwala a insulin kapena ndimayamwa ndi mankhwala ena a antiglycemic. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala oyenera a matenda a shuga 1, koma ndi insulin yokha. Nthawi zambiri, mapiritsi amatchulidwa ngati vuto la kunenepa kwambiri, ndikuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Amamwa metformin kawiri patsiku chakudya pambuyo pa kuchuluka kwa 1000 mg patsiku. Kugawa mlingo kumachepetsa chiopsezo chokhudzana ndi kugaya chakudya.
Patsiku la 10-15, mankhwalawa amatha kuwonjezeka mpaka 2000 mg patsiku. Mlingo wovomerezeka wa Biguanides patsiku ndi 3000 mg.
Chiwopsezo cha ntchito zochizira zimatheka pambuyo masiku 14 kuyambira chiyambi cha chithandizo. Koma ngati Metformin imalembera okalamba, ndiye kuti kuwunika kwa ntchito ya impso kwa odwala otere ndikofunikira.
Komanso mapiritsi amayenera kuphatikizidwa mosamala ndi insulin ndi sulfonylureas. Kupanda kutero, hypoglycemia ikhoza kukhala.
Kuti shuga ya magazi isapitirire malire oyenera, ndikofunikira kuwongolera zakudya zanu, kuwunika moyenera komanso kufunikira kwake. Ndikofunikanso kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi, musaiwale za masewera olimbitsa thupi olimbitsa thupi ndikuwonana ndi dokotala munthawi yake. Kanemayo munkhaniyi akufotokozerani za zomwe shuga ayenera kukhala.
