Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe ndi othandiza kwambiri kuposa insulin. Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, kapamba akamalephera kupereka zofunikira za timadzi timeneti, insulin ndiye njira yokhayo yosungira thanzi ndi moyo wa odwala.
Insulin imayendetsedwa mosamalitsa monga adanenera dokotala komanso moyang'aniridwa ndi shuga. Kuwerengera kwa mlingo kumatengera chakudya chamagulu azakudya. Ndondomeko ya chithandizo imatsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha kwa wodwala aliyense ndipo zimatengera mbiri ya glycemic.
Kupanga kuchuluka kwa insulini pafupi ndi zachilengedwe, zazifupi, zapakati komanso zotenga nthawi yayitali zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma insulins apakatikati amaphatikizapo kukonzekera komwe kumapangidwa ndi kampani ya Danish Novo Nordisk - Protafan NM.
Kutulutsa mawonekedwe ndi kusungidwa kwa Protafan
Kuyimitsidwa kumakhala ndi insulin - isophan, ndiye kuti, insulin yaumunthu yopangidwa ndi mainjiniering.
1 ml ya ili ndi 3.5 mg. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu zothandizira: zinc, glycerin, protamine sulfate, phenol ndi madzi a jekeseni.
Insulin Protafan hm yaperekedwa m'njira ziwiri:
- Kuyimitsidwa kwa subcutaneous makonzedwe a 100 IU / ml 10 ml mu Mbale losindikizidwa ndi chivindikiro cha mphira, wokutira ndi aluminium run-in. Botolo liyenera kukhala ndi kapu ya pulasitiki yoteteza. Mu phukusi, kuwonjezera pa botolo, pali malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito.
- Protafan NM Penfill - m'makalata agalasi amtundu wa hydrolytic, wokutidwa ndi zotumphukira mbali imodzi ndi ma pisitoni a mphira mbali inayo. Kupangitsa kusakanikirana, kuyimitsidwa kumakhala ndi galasi lagalasi.
- Kathumba kalikonse kamasungidwa mu cholembera chotuluka cha Flexpen. Phukusili lili ndi zolembera 5 ndi malangizo.
Mu botolo la 10 ml ya Protafan insulin muli 1000 IU, ndi cholembera cha 3 ml ya syringe - 300 IU. Mukayimirira, kuyimitsidwa kumalumikizidwa kukhala matope ndi madzi osapaka utoto, kotero zinthu izi zimayenera kusakanikiridwa musanagwiritse ntchito.
Kuti tisungidwe mankhwalawa, iyenera kuyikidwedwa pamafelemu apakati pa firiji, kutentha komwe kuyenera kupitilizidwa kuyambira madigiri 2 mpaka 8. Pewani kuzizira. Ngati botolo kapena cartridge Protafan NM Penfill yatsegulidwa, ndiye kuti imasungidwa pamtunda wofunda, koma osapitirira 25 ° C. Kugwiritsa ntchito Protafan insulin kuyenera kuchitika mkati mwa masabata 6.
Flexpen sichimasungidwa mufiriji, kutentha kuti ukhalebe ndi mankhwala ake sayenera kukhala oposa madigiri 30. Kuti muteteze kuchokera ku kuwala, chipewa chikuyenera kuvalidwa pachikuto. Chogwirira chimayenera kutetezedwa ku mvula ndikuwonongeka kwa makina.
Imatsukidwa kuchokera kunja ndi thonje lanyowa m'madzi, sitha kumizidwa m'madzi kapena kuthira mafuta, chifukwa izi zimaphwanya makina. Osadzazanso cholembera.
Kuyimitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe a penfill m'm cartridge kapena pensulo zimaperekedwa kuchokera ku pharmacies ndi mankhwala.
Mtengo wa insulin mwa cholembera (Flexpen) ndiwokwera kuposa wa Protafan NM Penfill. Mtengo wotsika kwambiri wa kuyimitsidwa m'mabotolo.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito Protafan?
Insulin Protafan NM imangoperekedwa kokha. Intravenous ndi intramuscular makulidwe ali osavomerezeka. Sichigwiritsidwa ntchito kuti mudzaze insulin. Onetsetsani kuti mwatsegula kapu yoteteza mukamagula mankhwala. Ngati iye kulibe kapena wosamasuka, musagwiritse ntchito insulin.
Mankhwalawa amawonedwa kuti ndi osayenera ngati malo osungirako aphwanyidwa kapena adagwidwa ndi madzi oundana, ndipo ngati atasakaniza samakhala wopanda pake - yoyera kapena yamitambo.
Subcutaneous makonzedwe a insulin amachitika kokha ndi insulin kapena cholembera. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito syringe, muyenera kuphunzira kuchuluka kwa magawo omwe mungachite. Kenako, mpweya umakokedwa kulowa mu syringe magawo a insulin atalimbikitsidwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupukutiritse vial yoyambitsa kuyimitsidwa ndi manja anu. Protafan imayambitsidwa pokhapokha kuyimitsidwa kukakhala kopanda phindu.
Flexpen ndi cholembera chodzaza chomwe chimatha kutulutsa kuchokera ku 1 mpaka 60 mayunitsi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi singano za NovoFayn kapena NovoTvist. Kutalika kwa singano ndi 8 mm.
Kugwiritsa ntchito cholembera kumayendetsedwa molingana ndi malamulo awa:
- Onani kulembeka ndi kukhulupirika kwa cholembera chatsopano.
- Pamaso ntchito, insulin iyenera kukhala firiji.
- Chotsani kapu ndikusunthira chogwiriramo maulendo 20 kuti galasi lagalasi liyende limodzi ndi cartridge.
- M'pofunika kusakaniza mankhwalawo kuti akhale mitambo.
- Pamaso jakisoni wotsatira, muyenera kusunthira chida mmwamba nthawi 10.
Pambuyo pokonzekera kuyimitsidwa, jakisoni imachitika nthawi yomweyo. Popanga yunifolomu kuyimitsidwa mu cholembera sayenera kuchepera 12 IU ya insulin. Ngati kuchuluka kofunikira kulibe, ndiye kuti tsopano pamagwiritsidwe ntchito yatsopano.
Pofuna kuphatikiza ndi singano, chomata chomata chimachotsedwa ndipo singanoyo imakwezedwa pa cholembera zolimba. Kenako muyenera kuthyola chipewa chakunja, kenako chamkati.
Pofuna kuti thovu lisalowe mu jakisoni, piyani magawo awiri ndikusintha chosankha. Kenako yalowetsani singano ndikusewera cartridge kuti mutulutse thovu. Kanikizani batani loyambira njira yonse, pomwe osankhirayo akubwerera zero.
Ngati dontho la insulin likuwoneka kumapeto kwa singano, mutha kubaya. Ngati palibe dontho, sinthani singano. Mukasintha singano kasanu ndi kamodzi, muyenera kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito cholembera, popeza ndichoperewera.
Pofuna kukhazikitsa mlingo wa insulin, ndikofunikira kutsatira izi:
Mlingo wosankha wofikira ziro.
- Tembenuzani chosankha mbali iliyonse kuti musankhe mlingo polumikiza ndi cholemba. Pankhaniyi, simungathe kukanikiza batani loyambira.
- Tengani khungu lanu pang'onopang'ono ndikuyika singano m'munsi mwake pakulowa kwa madigiri 45.
- Kanikizani batani la "Yambani" mpaka njira yonse "0"
- Pambuyo kuyikika, singano iyenera kukhala pansi pakhungu kwa masekondi 6 kuti mupeze insulini yonse. Mukachotsa singano, batani loyambira liyenera kuchitika.
- Ikani chophimba pa singano ndipo pambuyo pake chimatha kuchotsedwa.
Sitikulimbikitsidwa kusunga Flexpen ndi singano, chifukwa insulin imatha kutayikira. Masingano ayenera kutayidwa mosamala, kupewa majekiseni mwangozi. Ma syringe onse ndi zolembera ndizongogwiritsa ntchito nokha.
Insulin yomwe imalowa pang'onopang'ono imayikidwa pakhungu la ntchafu, ndipo njira yofulumira kwambiri yolowera ilowa m'mimba. Kuti mupeze jakisoni, mutha kusankha gluteus kapena minofu ya m'mapazi.
Tsamba la jakisoni liyenera kusinthidwa kuti lisawononge mafuta osaneneka.
Cholinga ndi kumwa
Insulin imayamba kugwira ntchito maola 1.5 pambuyo pa utsogoleri, ikafika pakapita maola 4-12, ndipo amamuchotsa pakapita tsiku limodzi. Chizindikiro chachikulu chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi matenda a shuga.
Kupanga kwa hypoglycemic zochita za Protafan kumalumikizidwa ndi kuyendetsa glucose mkati mwa maselo ndikusangalatsa kwa glycolysis kwa mphamvu. Insulin imachepetsa kuchepa kwa glycogen ndi mapangidwe a shuga m'chiwindi. Mothandizidwa ndi Protafan, glycogen imasungidwa m'malo osungirako minofu ndi chiwindi.
Protafan NM imayambitsa kaphatikizidwe ndi mapuloteni, kugawa kwamaselo, kumachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni, chifukwa chake zotsatira zake za anabolic zimawonekera. Insulin imakhudza minofu ya adipose, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwamafuta ndikuwonjezera mawonekedwe ake.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo mwa chithandizo cha matenda a shuga a 1 omwe amadalira insulin. Pafupipafupi, amawonetsedwa kwa odwala amtundu wachiwiri panthawi ya kuchitira opaleshoni, kuyamwa kwa matenda opatsirana, panthawi yapakati.
Mimba, monga mkaka wa m`mawere, si kuphwanya kugwiritsa ntchito insulin iyi. Samadutsa placenta ndipo sangathe kufikira mwana ndi mkaka wa m'mawere. Koma pa nthawi yomwe muli ndi pakati komanso podyetsa, muyenera kusankha mosamala komanso kusintha pafupipafupi mlingo wa glucose m'magazi.
Protafan NM ikhoza kutumikiridwa modziyimira payokha komanso kuphatikiza ndi insulin yofulumira kapena yochepa. Mlingo umatengera kuchuluka kwa shuga komanso kumva kukoma kwa mankhwalawa. Ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso kutha msinkhu, pam kutentha kwambiri kwa thupi kumakhala kwakukulu. Komanso kumawonjezera kufunika kwa insulin matenda a endocrine dongosolo.
Mlingo wosakwanira, kukana insulini kapena kusiya zomwe zimayambitsa hyperglycemia ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- Chilala chimakwera.
- Kuchepera kufooka.
- Kuyeserera kumachitika pafupipafupi.
- Kulakalaka kumachepa.
- Pali fungo la acetone lochokera mkamwa.
Zizindikirozi zimatha kukula patatha maola ochepa, shuga akapanda kuchepetsedwa, ndiye kuti odwala amatha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga a ketoacidosis, zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira zoyipa, makamaka ndi matenda a shuga 1.
Zotsatira zoyipa za Protafan NM
Hypoglycemia, kapena kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi, ndi njira yovuta kwambiri komanso yowopsa yogwiritsira ntchito inulin. Imachitika ndi mlingo waukulu, kulimbitsa thupi, chakudya chosowa.
Miyezo ya shuga ikalipidwa, zizindikiro za hypoglycemia zimatha kusintha. Ndi chithandizo cha matenda ashuga a nthawi yayitali, odwala amalephera kuzindikira kuyambiranso kwa shuga. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muchepetse kuthamanga kwa magazi, makamaka osasankha beta-blockers ndi ma tranquilizer, amatha kusintha zizindikiro zoyambirira.
Chifukwa chake, kuyesedwa pafupipafupi kwa misinkhu ya shuga kumalimbikitsidwa, makamaka sabata yoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito Protafan NM kapena mukasinthira kwa insulin ina.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira zochepetsa shuga m'magazi zitha kukhala izi:
- Chizungulire mwadzidzidzi, mutu.
- Kumva nkhawa, kusakhazikika.
- Kuukira kwanjala.
- Kutukwana.
- Kutunda kwa manja.
- Mofulumira komanso kuchuluka kwamtima.
Woopsa milandu, ndi hypoglycemia chifukwa cha kusokonezeka mu ntchito ya ubongo, chisokonezo, chisokonezo chimayamba, chomwe chingapangitse kuti muwoneke.
Kuti tichotse odwala ku hypoglycemia mu milandu yofatsa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti muthe shuga, uchi kapena shuga, msuzi wokoma. Potha kudziwa, 40% glucose ndi glucagon amalowetsedwa mu mtsempha. Kenako mumafunika chakudya chokhala ndi ma carbohydrate osavuta.
Ndi insulin tsankho, matupi awo sagwirizana angathe kupezeka mwachangu, zotupa, urticaria, kawirikawiri, anaphylactic. Zotsatira zoyipa kumayambiriro kwa chithandizo zimatha kuwonetsedwa ndi kuphwanya kwa Refraction ndi kukula kwa retinopathy, kutupa, kuwonongeka kwa minyewa yamitsempha mu mawonekedwe amtundu wopweteka wa neuropathy.
Mu sabata yoyamba ya mankhwala a insulini, kutupa, thukuta, mutu, kusowa tulo, nseru, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mtima. Mukazolowera mankhwalawa, zizindikirozi zimachepa.
Pakhoza kukhala kutupa, kuyabwa, redness, kapena kuvulala pamalo a jakisoni wa insulin.
Zochita Zamankhwala
The munthawi yomweyo mankhwala angapangitse insulin. Izi zikuphatikizapo monoamine oxidase inhibitors (Pyrazidol, Moclobemide, Silegilin), antihypertensive mankhwala: Enap, Kapoten, Lisinopril, Ramipril.
Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito bromocriptine, anabolic steroids, Colfibrate, Ketoconazole ndi Vitamini B6 kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia ndi insulin.
Mankhwala a Hormonal ali ndi vuto lina: glucocorticosteroids, mahomoni a chithokomiro, njira zakulera zam'mlomo, antidepressants trousclic ndi thiazide diuretics.
Kuwonjezeka kwa mlingo wa insulin kungafunike polemba Heparin, calcium blockers, Danazole ndi Clonidine. Kanemayo munkhaniyi aperekanso zambiri za Protofan insulin.
