Anthu ambiri ali ndi funso, kodi chiwopsezo cha matenda ashuga ndi chiani? Malinga ndi endocrinologists, matendawa pawokha siowopsa monga momwe angayambitsire. Poyerekeza ndi matenda ashuga, zinthu zosasangalatsa kwambiri komanso zoopsa zomwe zimabweretsa moyo zimatha kukhala.
Mavuto onse amagawidwa m'magulu atatu - osakhazikika, owuma komanso ochedwa. Matenda okhudzana ndi kuperewera kwa impso ndi zilonda zam'mimba. Pakati pamavuto owopsa, ambiri ndi ketoacidosis, hypo- ndi hyperglycemic coma.
Zina mwazomwe zimachitika mochedwa, zomwe zimakonda kwambiri ndi retinopathy ndi polyneuropathy. Vuto la matendawa, monga phazi la matenda ashuga, ndilofala.
Kulephera kwammimba komanso zilonda zam'mimba mu shuga
Chifukwa chiyani matenda ashuga ndi owopsa? Matendawa ndi owopsa, chifukwa chifukwa cha m'mbuyo, kulephera kwaimpso kumatha kuyamba. Tsoka ilo, zovuta izi ndizofala kwambiri pakati pa odwala matenda ashuga.
Chifukwa chiyani kulephera kwa impso kumawonekera? Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu mtundu 1 komanso mtundu wa 2 shuga, magazi omwe ali ndi glucose ochulukirapo amadutsa chiwalo. Izi zimabweretsa kuti mkati mwa "glomeruli" wa impso kupanikizika kowonjezereka kumapangidwa, ndipo nembanemba yomwe ili mozungulira "glomeruli" imayamba kukula.
Chifukwa cha izi, ma capillaries omwe ali m'matangadza amayamba kudzaza, ndipo motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda osokoneza bongo, kupweteka kwambiri koma kupweteka kwambiri.
Matendawa amadziwika ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- Lethargy, limodzi ndi mutu komanso kugona.
- Kutsegula m'mimba, kusanza.
- Khungu loyera.
- Maonekedwe akununkhira achitsulo mkamwa.
- Mpweya woipa. Chimafanana ndi fungo la mkodzo.
- Kupuma pang'ono. Imachitika ngakhale zolimbitsa thupi pang'ono.
- Kuwonongeka kwa chikumbumtima (m'malo ovuta kwambiri).
- Minofu kukokana mumiyendo. Nthawi zambiri amalimbitsa usiku.
Zizindikiro zooneka ngati za kulephera kwa impso zikaonekera, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyesedwa kwamkodzo kwa albumin, kuyesa kwa mkodzo kwa creatinine, ndi kuyezetsa magazi kwa creatinine. Kutengera ndi mayeserowa, adokotala amasankha njira yabwino kwambiri yochizira.
Kodi mavutowa amathandizidwa bwanji? Kuchotsa matenda amtunduwu ndikokhazikitsa impso yochita kupanga. Koma poyamba, dokotala amatha kukupatsani mankhwala ena omwe amachedwetsa nthawi yowonjezera.
Pakulephera kwa impso, wodwala amafunika kuyang'anira shuga, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi.
Zilonda za trophic zomwe zidayamba chifukwa cha matenda ashuga - ndizomwe zimawopsa. Zilonda za trophic ndi chilema pakhungu lomwe silichiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tating'onoting'ono timatha kulowa m'mavuto, chifukwa chomwe njira za necrotic zimayamba chilonda.
Poyamba, zilonda zam'mimba zimadziwonetsa ndi izi:
- Miyendo imakhala yosakhudzidwa ndi chidwi chakunja.
- Miyendo imakhala yozizira ngakhale chipinda chomwe odwala matenda ashuga ali. Chizindikiro ichi chikuwonetsa kuti poyerekeza ndi chilonda cha trophic, maselo amitsempha amwalira.
- Ululu m'miyendo.
Njira zopangira opaleshoni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zilonda zam'mimba. Vapeum, machiritso, kapena mankhwala a VAC atha kuchitidwa. Kudzinyenga kwenikweni kumasankhidwa ndi adotolo.
Ngati matendawa sanayambike, ndiye kuti mutha kuyesa kuchotsa zilonda zam'mimba mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala. Pankhaniyi, magulu otsatirawa a mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Antihistamines.
- Ma anti-sipekitiramu ambiri.
- Ma antiplatelet.
- Mankhwala osokoneza bongo oletsa kuponderezana.
Komanso, pa nthambi yomwe yakhudzidwa, wodwalayo ayenera kuthira mafuta ophatikiza ndi mafuta. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta monga Levomekol kapena Streptolaven. Ma antiseptics amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsuka zilonda. Msuzi wa Furacilin, Chlorhexidine kapena chamomile utha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Woopsa, kupakika khungu kungakhale kofunikira. Koma zimachitika kuti mankhwala ndi osathandiza. Poterepa, kuduladula chiwalo chokhudzidwa ndikuchitidwa.
Hypoglycemic ndi hyperglycemic chikomokere
Hypoglycemic coma ndimkhalidwe womwe umayamba chifukwa cha shuga m'magazi. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe amachita chithandizo cholakwika. Nthawi zambiri hypoglycemia imakhala zotsatira za insulin yayikulu kwambiri.
Kodi matendawa amadziwika bwanji? Poyamba, wodwalayo amasamala za mutu, kutopa kwambiri, kukoka pafupipafupi. Popita nthawi, mndandanda umayamba ndipo izi zomwe zimadziwika kuti "kupuma kwa Kussmaul" zimayamba.
Kukula kwa hypoglycemic coma kumawonekeranso ndi kusanza, ana opukusika, kunjenjemera kwa malekezero, kutuluka thukuta kwambiri, ndi kuwonongeka kwamaso. Magazi a shuga m'magazi nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi pa 5 mmol L.
Ngati wodwala sapatsidwa chithandizo chanthawi yake, amadziona. Poyerekeza ndi maziko a hypoglycemia, pali mwayi wamwalira, choncho thandizo loyambirira liyenera kuperekedwa nthawi yomweyo.
Ndi hypoglycemia, izi
- Anthu odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kupaka jekeseni wa m'magazi. Ngati sichiri pafupi, mutha kufalitsa phala yolumikizira glucose pamkamwa kapena kupatsa wodwalayo kukoma.
- Onetsetsani kuti mukugonetsa wodwalayo m'njira yoti asakomolere kusanza kwake.
- Wodwala akataya chikumbumtima, ndiye kuti aziyika chidutswa cha shuga patsaya lake.
Mu chipatala, wodwalayo amapaka jekeseni wa shuga (40% yankho). Njira ya adrenaline ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuwonjezera msanga magazi. Pambuyo pakuimitsa kwambiri hypoglycemia, mlingo wa insulin umasinthidwa, ndipo zakudya zoyenera zimayikidwa.
Hyperglycemic chikomaso ndicho chosemphana ndi chikomero cha hypoglycemic. Hyperglycemia ndi chifukwa cha shuga wambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika ngati wodwalayo samvera malangizo azachipatala.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati wodwala sapereka insulin panthawi, kapena mlingo wa insulin ndi wotsika kwambiri. Kukhazikitsidwa kolakwika kwa insulin kungayambitsenso kukulitsa kwa hyperglycemia, chifukwa anthu ambiri amapereka mahomoni osati mwanjira zina, koma intramuscularly.
Kodi kuukira kwa hyperglycemia kumawonekera bwanji? Vutoli likapitirira, zizindikirika zotsatirazi:
- Ludzu lalikulu. Zimaphatikizidwa ndikumva kukamwa kowuma komanso kukoka pafupipafupi.
- Mutu.
- Khungu loyera.
- Kutopa.
- Mseru kapena kusanza.
- Mawonekedwe akununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa.
- Kutsekula m'mimba kapena kudzimbidwa.
Madokotala asanamuthandizire wodwala, ndikofunikira kuti apereke insulin yochepa ndikuyika wodwala pambali pake. Komanso, onetsetsani kuti mukuyang'anitsitsa kukoka kwanu kapena kupumira kwanu. Ngati ndi kotheka, kutikita minofu ya mtima kapena kupuma kochita kumachitika.
Kuchipatala, wodwalayo amapakidwa insulin ndipo mankhwala ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza kuchepetsa matenda a shuga. Kubwezeretsa moyenera acid-base, njira ya koloko imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pokonzekera kukonzanso pambuyo pa kukomoka kwa hyper- kapena hypoglycemic, wodwalayo ayenera kumwa mavitamini, mwachitsanzo, matenda a shuga a Complivit.
Retinopathy ndi nephropathy mu shuga
Retinopathy ndimavutidwe ena a shuga omwe amapezeka ndimankhwala osankhidwa bwino. Kuchepa kwa matenda kumakulirakulira ngati munthu akusuta kapena wonenepa kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, retinopathy imatha kukhala mwa odwala omwe amakhala ndi matenda oopsa, kulephera kwa impso, kapena kuchuluka kwa cholesterol yamagazi motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda ashuga.
Retinopathy ndimatenda omwe ma cell a retina amakhudzidwa. Zizindikiro monga kusasangalala m'maso, kusawona bwino, kutupa m'maso ndikuwonetsa kupitilira kwa matendawa.
Ngati wodwala ali ndi vuto la retinopathy, ndiye kuti ayenera kumufufuza bwinobwino. Njira zodziwikirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga:
- Visiometry
- Perimetry.
- Ultrasound ya diso.
- Gonioscopy
- Eletroretinography.
- Ndalama.
Pathology imatha kuthandizidwa m'njira zingapo. Pa magawo oyamba a retinopathy, mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Wodwala ndi angioprotectors ndi antiplatelet othandizira. Amasintha magwiridwe antchito amitsempha yamagazi.
Komanso, mankhwalawa amatha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a laser kapena vitrectomy. Njira izi ndizothandiza, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatha kusiya mavuto amawonedwe.
Matenda a shuga ndi nephropathy ndi matenda ovuta kwambiri omwe amadziwika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ziwongo. Ndi kukula kwa matendawa, zotengera zimaletseka, ndipo impso zimayamba kugwira ntchito kwambiri.
Pathology imadziwonetsera muzizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- Ludzu lalikulu mkamwa. Zimachulukirachulukira tikatha kudya komanso usiku. M ludzu umaphatikizidwa ndikumva kukamwa kowuma komanso kutupa kwa nkhope.
- Kukodza pafupipafupi. Ngakhale maulendo pafupipafupi kupita kuchimbudzi, kuchuluka kwa mkodzo kumachepa.
- Kufooka kwathunthu, kugona, kupweteka mutu.
- Ululu m'dera lumbar. Amatha kupereka kwa crotch. Ululu wam'munsi kumbuyo nthawi zina umakhala woipa kwambiri panthawi yolimbitsa thupi.
- Khansa ya m'mimba kapena kutsegula m'mimba. Woopsa milandu, nephropathy limodzi ndi kusanza kosalekeza.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti malinga ndi maziko a nephropathy, kulephera kwa impso nthawi zambiri kumawonekera. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, pakuwonekera koyamba kwa matenda, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.
Kodi amathandizira bwanji? Pa magawo 1-2 a nephropathy, mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amachepetsa shuga la magazi. Pamene nephropathy ikapita pagawo 3, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga sikokwanira.
Mwanjira iyi, diuretics ndi ACE inhibitors a calcium channel blockers ali olumikizidwa. Mothandizidwa ndi mtundu uwu wa mankhwalawa, mutha kuyimitsa Zizindikiro za nephropathy, ndikuletsa kupitiliza kwa matenda.
Ngati nephropathy ikadutsa kukula kwa 4-5, ndiye kuti sizingatheke kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pankhaniyi, madokotala amatengera dialysis. Munthawi imeneyi, magazi amayeretsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera.
Mu milandu yoopsa kwambiri, kupatsirana impso ndi kapamba kumachitika.
Phazi la matenda ashuga: ndi chiyani komanso momwe mungachitire?
Phazi la matenda ashuga ndi njira yomwe khungu, mafupa, zikuluzikulu komanso zazing'ono phazi zimakhudzidwa. Phazi la matenda ashuga lomwe limawoneka koyambirira koyamba, ambiri adawona mu chithunzi ndi makanema.
Phazi la matenda ashuga limachitika chifukwa cha magazi komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mitsempha. Kuchepetsa kwa matenda kumachulukitsa ngati matenda a nyamakazi kapena mtima wamatsenga atakula motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda ashuga.
Kodi matenda ashuga a phazi amayamba bwanji? Chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda am'mimba ndicho kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono. Phazi limatha kukhala losalabadira kukhudzidwa kwakunja.
Zizindikiro za matenda a pathology ndi:
- Otsika kutentha. Gawo ili la miyendo limayamba kuzizira mpaka kukhudza.
- Ingrown toenail. Nthawi zambiri, misomali imakhala yakuda.
- Ming'alu zidendene. Chiphuphucho chimatha kukula komanso kuvulaza kwambiri.
- Zilonda zam'mapazi za phazi. Nthawi zambiri zimatuluka ngati tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalowa m'ming'alu yopangidwa.
- Kupunduka kwamapazi. Zimachitika kuti ndi phazi la matenda ashuga, fupa la chala limakulanso.
Ngati phazi la matenda ashuga siligwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi yake, odwala matendawa amatha. Pankhaniyi, madokotala amatenga mbali yodula ya chiwalo, mwinanso njira yachiphuphuyo imafalikira.
Ndipo odwala matenda ashuga a m'matumbo amathandizidwa bwanji? Wodwalayo amamulembera mankhwala a alpha lipoic acid, mankhwala kuti magazi azithamanga komanso azitsegula magazi.
Mankhwala ongochitika ngati chithandizo cha mahomoni okula, chithandizo chokhala ndi maselo a tsinde kapena chithandizo cha plasma chingakuthandizeni kuchotseratu matenda. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy imagwiritsidwanso ntchito masiku ano. Kanema yemwe ali munkhaniyi akuwonetsa bwino chifukwa chake matenda ashuga ndi owopsa kwa anthu.
