Udindo waukulu wa insulin mthupi ndikuwongolera komanso kusamalira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa glucose woposa 100 mg / deciliter, timadzi tating'onoting'ono timene timapangitsa kuti glucose asungidwe m'chiwindi, minofu, minyewa ya adipose.
Kulephera pakupanga insulin kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa, mwachitsanzo, pakukula kwa matenda ashuga. Kuti timvetsetse zomwe zimachitika mthupi, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi liti komanso malo omwe amafunikira insulin kwambiri, komanso ndi gawo liti lomwe limatulutsa insulini.
Ntchito za kapamba ndi kuti?
Chikondwerero, mu kukula kwake, ndi chachiwiri pambuyo pa chiwindi chokhudzana ndi chimbudzi. Ili pakati pamimba pamimba ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe awa:
- thupi;
- mutu;
- mchira.
Thupi ndilo gawo lalikulu la chisa, chomwe chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a prisasi ndipo imadutsa mchira. Mutu wophimbidwa ndi duodenum ndi wofowoka ndipo umakhala kumanja kwa midline.
Ino ndi nthawi yoti muganize kuti ndi dipatimenti iti yomwe imayang'anira insulini? Mphengoyi imakhala ndi timagulu tomwe maselo timapangira insulin. Masango amatchedwa "zisumbu za Langerhans" kapena "zisumbu za pancreatic." Langerhans ndi wa ku Germany wazamakhalidwe omwe adapeza koyamba kuzilumba izi kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19.
Ndipo, dotolo waku Russia L. Sobolev adatsimikizira zowona kuti zonena kuti insulin imapangidwa m'mabwalo.
Kuchulukitsa kwa ma miliyoni miliyoni kumangokhala magalamu 2 okha, ndipo izi ndi pafupifupi 3% ya kulemera konseko. Komabe, zilumba zazing'ono izi zimakhala ndi maselo A, B, D, PP. Ntchito yawo imayang'ana kubisika kwa mahomoni, omwe, nawonso, amawongolera njira zama metabolic (chakudya, mapuloteni, mafuta).
Yofunika B Cell Ntchito
Ndi ma cell a B omwe ndi omwe amachititsa kuti insulin ipange thupi la munthu. Hormone iyi imadziwika kuti imayendetsa glucose ndipo imayang'anira njira zamafuta. Ngati mankhwala a insulini ali ndi vuto, matenda a shuga amakula.
Chifukwa chake, asayansi kuzungulira padziko lonse lapansi pantchito zamankhwala, zamankhwala osokoneza bongo, sayansi ndi majini opanga ma genetic amadabwitsa vutoli ndikufunafuna kuti amvetsetse zazing'ono kwambiri za insulin biosynthesis kuti aphunzire momwe angagwiritsire ntchito njirayi.
Maselo a B amatulutsa mahomoni a magulu awiri. M'mawu akuti chisinthiko, chimodzi cha izo ndi chakale kwambiri, ndipo chachiwiri ndichabwino, chatsopano. Gawo loyamba la maselo limatulutsa kanthu osagwira ntchito ya proinsulin ya mahomoni. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa sizidutsa 5%, koma gawo lawo silinaphunzire.
Tili ndi zinthu zosangalatsa:
- Insulin, monga proinsulin, imapangidwa koyamba ndi maselo a B, pambuyo pake imatumizidwa ku zovuta za Golgi, apa mahomoni amathandizidwanso.
- Mkati mwake, omwe cholinga chake ndi kuphatikiza ndi kaphatikizidwe kazinthu zosiyanasiyana, C-peptide imakonzedwa ndi ma enzyme.
- Zotsatira zake, insulin imapangidwa.
- Kenako, timadzi timeneti timayikidwa m'miyeso yopanda chinsinsi, momwe timadziunjikira ndi kusungidwa.
- Magazi akangotuluka, m'magazi mumatuluka magazi, ndiye kuti pakufunika insulin, ndiye kuti mothandizidwa ndi ma B-cell amatulutsidwa m'magazi.
Umu ndi momwe kupanga kwa insulin kumachitikira m'thupi la munthu.
Mukamadya zakudya zokhala ndi chakudya chamagulu, ma cell a B ayenera kugwira ntchito mwadzidzidzi, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azizengelezeka pang'onopang'ono. Izi zikugwira ntchito kwa mibadwo yonse, koma okalamba ndi omwe amatha kutengeka ndi chiphunzitsochi.
Kwa zaka, ntchito za insulin zimachepa ndipo vuto la kuchepa kwa mahomoni limapezeka m'thupi.
Maselo ochepetsa mphamvu ya B amadziwonjezera. Kugwiritsa ntchito maswiti ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi ufa posakhalitsa kumabweretsa matenda akulu, omwe ndi matenda ashuga. Zotsatira za matendawa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowopsa. Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za zomwe insulin ya mahomoni ili pamalo ogona.
Kuchita kwa timadzi timene timagwira shuga
Funso limabuka mosafunikira: kodi glucose imalowetsa bwanji insulin mthupi la munthu? Pali magawo angapo owonekera:
- kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa nembanemba ya selo, chifukwa maselo amayamba kuyamwa kwambiri shuga;
- kutembenuka kwa glucose kukhala glycogen, amene amayikidwa m'chiwindi ndi minofu;
Mothandizidwa ndi njirazi, kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumachepera.
Pazamoyo, glycogen ndi gwero losungira nthawi zonse. Mwakuyankhula kwina, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwazinthu izi kumadziunjikira m'chiwindi, ngakhale kuchuluka kwake mu minofu ndikokulira.
Kuchuluka kwa wowuma kwachilengedwe m'thupi kungakhale pafupifupi magalamu 0,5. Ngati munthu akuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndiye kuti glycogen imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha mphamvu zonse zopezeka zitatha.
Chodabwitsa ndi chakuti, kapamba yemweyo amatulutsa glucagon, yemwe, ndiwotsutsa wa insulin. Glucagon imatulutsa A-maselo a zilumba zofananira zofananira, ndipo zochita za timadzi timadzi timene timatulutsa glycogen ndikuwonjezera shuga.
Koma magwiridwe antchito a kapamba popanda antagonists a mahomoni sizotheka. Insulin imayang'anira kaphatikizidwe ka michere yam'mimba, ndipo glucagon imachepetsa kupanga kwawo, ndiye kuti, imachita zinthu zotsutsana kwathunthu. Titha kufotokozedwa kuti munthu aliyense, makamaka wodwala matenda ashuga, ayenera kudziwa mtundu wa matenda kapamba, zizindikiro, chithandizo, popeza moyo umadalira chiwalo ichi.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti kapamba ndi chiwalo chomwe chimapanga insulin mthupi la munthu, chomwe chimapangidwa ndi zisumbu zazing'ono kwambiri za Langerhans.
