Kodi munthu wabwinobwino azikhala ndi shuga wambiri bwanji?

Anthu ambiri omwe amakhala ndi nkhawa chifukwa cha thanzi lawo amakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa kuti shuga ayenera kukhala ndani mwaumoyo? Njira zambiri zama metabolic, ndipo chifukwa chake thanzi la anthu ambiri, zimadalira kuchuluka kwa shuga mthupi. Kufunika kwa chizindikirochi kumayendetsedwa ndi zinthu zambiri, koma chachikulu ndicho m'badwo.

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga sikumakhazikitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, monga ambiri amakhulupirira, koma ndi zomwe zili ndi shuga - zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kugwira ntchito kwa thupi lonse. Palibe mbiri yakale kuti “mayeso a shuga” omwe amapezekabe ndi dzinali.

Mu Middle Ages, madokotala ankakhulupirira kuti odwala akudandaula chifukwa cha matenda opatsuka, kuyamwa nthawi zonse ndimadzi, komanso kukodza pafupipafupi kukwezetsa shuga. Zaka mazana angapo pambuyo pake, zotsatira zomaliza za maphunziro ambiri zinawonetsa kuti anali glucose yemwe adakhudzidwa ndi metabolism.

Kodi glucose ndi kayendetsedwe ka thupi lake ndi chiyani?

Glucose ndiye chida champhamvu kwambiri munthawi ya ma cell ndi minofu, ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa ubongo. Chifukwa chakuyambitsa kwamphamvu zamankhwala, kuphulika kwa mashuga osavuta ndi michere yambiri yomwe amapanga glucose imachitika.

Pazifukwa zina, chizindikiritso cha glucose chimatha kuchepa, chifukwa cha izi, mafuta amawonongeka pakuchita bwino kwa ziwalo. Akasweka, matupi a ketone ovulaza thupi amapangidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito a ubongo komanso ziwalo zina za munthu zisachitike. Pamodzi ndi chakudya, glucose amalowa m'thupi. Gawo limodzi limagwiritsidwa ntchito yoyambira, ndipo linalo limasungidwa mu chiwindi mu glycogen, yomwe imakhala zovuta kupanga. Mu chochitika pamene thupi lifunika shuga, kuphatika kwamphamvu kwa mankhwala kumachitika, ndikupanga shuga kuchokera ku glycogen.

Kodi nchiyani chomwe chimayang'anira gawo lotchedwa shuga wamagazi? Insulin ndiye mahomoni akuluakulu omwe amatsitsa shuga, amapangidwa m'maselo a beta. Koma shuga imachulukitsa mahomoni ambiri monga:

1. glucagon amayankha kutsika kwa shuga;
2. mahomoni opangidwa mu chithokomiro cha chithokomiro;
3. mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi adrenal glands - adrenaline ndi norepinephrine;
4. glucocorticoids ophatikizika mumtundu wina wa adrenal gland;
5. "kulamula mahomoni" opangidwa mu ubongo;
6. zinthu zokhala ndi mahomoni zomwe zimachulukitsa glucose.

Kutengera zomwe tafotokozazi, kumapangitsa kuti shuga awonjezeke ndi zambiri, ndipo insulin yokha imachepa. Ndizinthu zamagetsi zomwe zimathandizira kupanga mahomoni m'thupi.

Mulingo wamba wamagazi?

Kodi shuga iyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi tebulo lapadera liti lomwe limaganizira zaka za wodwalayo. Gawo la muyeso wa shuga m'magazi ndi mmol / lita.

Mukamwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, shuga wabwinobwino amachokera ku 3.2 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L. Miyezo ya glucose imatha kukwera mpaka 7.8 mmol / L m'magazi mutatha kudya, zomwe ndizofananso. Koma kusanthula kwazinthu koteroko kumangotengera chala. Pankhani ya venous sampling yam'mimba yopanda kanthu, 6.1 mmol / L imadziwika kuti ndi shuga wokwanira.

Pa nthawi ya bere, zipatso za glucose zimawonjezeka ndipo ndi 3.8-5.8 mmol / L. Matenda a shuga obadwa nawo amatha kupezekanso pakatha milungu 24 mpaka 28, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minofu ya mkazi ikhale yovuta kwambiri pakupanga insulin. Nthawi zambiri zimangokhala zokha pakabadwa, koma nthawi zina zimatha kuchititsa kuti mayi ayambe kudwala matenda ashuga.

Ndipo,, zotsatirazi zimatengedwa ngati zabwinobwino:

• 0-1 mwezi - 2.8-4.4 mmol / l;
• Mwezi 1 - zaka 14 - 3.2-5.5 mmol / l;
• Zaka 14-60 wazaka - 3.2-5.5 mmol / l;
• Zaka 60-90 - 4.6-6.4 mmol / l;
• Zaka 90 ndi okulirapo - 4.2-6.7 mmol / L.

Mosasamala mtundu wa shuga (woyamba kapena wachiwiri) wodwala omwe ali ndi vuto, chizindikiro cha shuga chamagazi cha munthu chikuyenera kuchuluka. Kuti muzisamalira bwino, muyenera kutsatira malangizo onse a adotolo, kumwa mankhwala ndi zowonjezera zakudya, komanso kukhala ndi moyo wokangalika.

Kuzindikira matenda ashuga mwa anthu amisinkhu iliyonse kumachitika ndikudutsa mayeso a shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu. Zizindikiro zowopsa zomwe zikumveketsa kupezeka kwa matendawa mwa anthu ndi izi:

• kuyambira 6.1 mmol / l - mukamatenga magazi kuchokera pachala chala pamimba yopanda kanthu;
• kuchokera 7 mmol / l - powunika magazi a venous.

Madotolo amanenanso kuti pakamayamwa magazi ola limodzi mutatha kudya chakudya, shuga m'magazi amakwera mpaka 10 mmol / l, atatha maola awiri 2 kuchuluka monga 8 mmol / l. Koma asanagone usiku, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumatsika mpaka 6 mmol / L.

Kuphwanya shuga kwa mwana kapena munthu wamkulu kumatha kunena za "prediabetes" - mkhalidwe wapakatikati momwe mfundo zimayambira pa 5.5 mpaka 6 mmol / l.

Kuyesa kwa shuga

Mwazi umatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu kuchokera pachala kapena kuchokera kumtsempha. Kuwunikaku kungatengedwe onse mu labotale komanso mosasamala kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera - glucometer. Ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, dontho limodzi lamwazi limafunikira kuti mupeze shuga. Pambuyo poponya dontho pazida zapadera zoyeserera, zomwe zimayikidwa mu chipangizocho, patatha masekondi angapo mutha kupeza zotsatira. Kupezeka kwa glucometer mwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga ndikosavuta kwambiri, chifukwa wodwalayo amayenera kuwonetsetsa zomwe zili ndi shuga.

Ngati chipangizocho chikuwonetsa kuti zisonyezo zisanadye chakudya ndizambiri, munthu amayenera kuyesedwa mu labotale yapadera. Musanayambe kuphunzira, simuyenera kutsatira zakudya, izi zitha kupotoza zotsatira zake. Osamadyanso maswiti ambiri. Kudalirika kwa zotsatira kumayendetsedwa ndi izi:

1. mimba
2. mkhalidwe wopsinjika;
3. matenda osiyanasiyana;
4. matenda osachiritsika;
5. kutopa (mwa anthu atasinthana usiku).

Odwala ambiri amadabwa kuti ndizofunikira kangati kuyeza shuga. Yankho limatengera mtundu wa matenda odwala. Mtundu woyamba wa odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga asanagwiritse jakisoni wa insulin. Pakakhala kupsinjika, kusintha kwa moyo wamunthu kapena kuwonongeka kwathanzi, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi shuga ziyenera kuyesedwa pafupipafupi, ndikusintha kwa malingaliro kumatheka. Mtundu wachiwiri wa matendawa umaphatikizanso kukafufuza katatu patsiku - m'mawa, mutatha ola limodzi mutatha kudya komanso musanapume usiku.

Madokotala amalimbikira kuyang'ana shuga ngati njira yodzitetezera osachepera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse kwa anthu opitilira 40 ndipo ali pachiwopsezo.

Choyamba, awa ndi anthu omwe ali onenepa kwambiri komanso omwe ali ndi vuto lotenga matenda ashuga, komanso azimayi panthawi yoyembekezera.

Amayeza shuga kunyumba

Kupitiliza kosalekeza kwa mishuga ya glucose mwa odwala kumafuna chida chapadera - glucometer.

Musanagule, muyenera kuganizira kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe chipangizochi chimapeza kuti chidziwike, mtengo wake komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta.

Pambuyo pogula glucometer, muyenera kuwerenga mosamala malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito.

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zodalirika posankha kuchuluka kwa shuga pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho, muyenera kutsatira malamulo osavuta:

1. Pendani m'mawa musanadye.
2. Sambani manja ndikutambasulira chala chomwe magazi adzatenge.
3. Chitani chala ndi mowa.
4. Pogwiritsa ntchito chofiyira, pangani cholembera kuchokera kumbali ya chala chanu.
5. Dontho loyamba la magazi liyenera kupukuta ndi nsalu yowuma.
6. Finyani dontho lachiwiri pa Mzere wapadera.
7. Iikeni mu mita ndikuyembekeza zotsatirazo pazowonetsedwa.

Lero, pali mwayi waukulu wogulitsa msika wama gluceter akunja ndi akunja. Kachipangizo kotsimikizira za shuga m'magazi - Satellite kuchokera kwa wopanga ku Russia ndi omwe amatsimikiza zotsatira za kafukufukuyu.

Sichothamanga kwambiri, koma chitha kupezeka ndi magawo onse a anthu, chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika.

Zizindikiro za vuto la shuga m'magazi

Zambiri zokhala ndi glucose zili bwino, munthu amamva bwino. Koma chizindikiritso chokha chimapitirira malire ovomerezeka, zizindikiro zina zitha kuwoneka.

Kukoka pafupipafupi ndi ludzu. Mwazi wa munthu ukakwera magazi, impso zimayamba kugwira ntchito mokwanira kuti zichotse zochuluka.

Pakadali pano, impso zimatha madzi osowa kuchokera kumankhwala, chifukwa chomwe munthu nthawi zambiri amafuna kuti athandize. Kumva ludzu kumawonetsa kuti thupi limafunikira madzi.

Kuphatikiza apo, pakhoza kukhala zizindikiro:

1. Chizungulire. Pankhaniyi, kusowa kwa shuga kumatha kubweretsanso mavuto ambiri. Kwa ntchito yabwinobwino yaubongo, shuga amafunika. Ngati wodwalayo akufuna kudziwa chizungulire, ayenera kufunsa dokotala kuti amuthandize.
2. Kugwira ntchito kwambiri komanso kutopa. Popeza glucose ndi zinthu zamagetsi zomwe zimatha maselo, zikachepa, zimakhala zopanda mphamvu. Motere, munthu nthawi zambiri amatopa ngakhale ndi kupsinjika pang'ono kwakuthupi kapena kwamaganizidwe.
3. Kutupa kwa mikono ndi miyendo. Matenda a shuga ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi zimatha kusokoneza ntchito ya impso. Pankhaniyi, madzi amadzadziunjikira m'thupi, ndipo adzatsogolera kutupira miyendo ndi mikono.
4. Kugwedezeka ndi kutalika kwa miyendo. Ndikupitilira kwamatenda pafupipafupi, mitsempha imawonongeka. Chifukwa chake, wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kumva zizindikiro ngati izi, makamaka kutentha kwa mpweya.
5. Zowonongeka. Zowonongeka ndi kusokonezeka kwa ziwiya zama apulo a intraocular zimayambitsa matenda ashuga a retinopathy, momwe mumawonongeka pang'onopang'ono, makamaka kwa anthu azaka. Chithunzi chosasangalatsa, mawanga amdima ndi kuwala - ichi ndi chisonyezo chothandizira kuchipatala mwachangu.
6. Zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizira kuchepa thupi, kukhumudwa m'mimba, matenda a pakhungu, komanso kuchiritsa kwa bala.

Chifukwa chake, ngati mungazindikire chimodzi mwazizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa, muyenera kufunsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kudzisamalira nokha komanso kulandira chithandizo mosadukirana kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zina.

Malangizo akwaniritsa muyeso wabwino

Kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndicholinga chachikulu cha odwala matenda ashuga. Ngati shuga wambiri akuchulukirachulukira, ndiye kuti pamapeto pake magazi ake amayamba kunenepa. Kenako sidzatha kudutsa mitsempha yamagazi yaying'ono, yomwe imakhudza kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi lonse.

Kuti mupewe izi zokhumudwitsa, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa zonona. Kuti muchite izi, tsatirani malingaliro awa:

1. Onani zakudya zoyenera. Zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa ndi anthu zimakhudza kwambiri shuga. Zakudya za odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuphatikizapo zakudya zochepa zomwe zingakhale ndi chakudya cham'mimba. M'malo mwake, muyenera kudya masamba ndi zipatso zambiri, kusiya mowa wonse.
2. Gwiritsitsani thupi. Itha kuwerengera pogwiritsa ntchito cholembera chapadera - mulingo wa kulemera (makilogalamu) kukwera (m²) Mukalandira chizindikiro choposa 30, muyenera kuyamba kuthetsa vuto la kunenepa kwambiri.
3. Khalani ndi moyo wokangalika. Ngakhale sizotheka kupita kumalo olimbitsa thupi kapena kuthamanga m'mawa, muyenera kudziphunzitsa kuyenda osachepera theka la ola patsiku. Zochita zamtundu uliwonse zochizira matenda a shuga zitha kukhala zothandiza.
4. Kanani kusuta fodya komanso kusuta.
5. Yang'anani kuthamanga kwanu kwa magazi tsiku ndi tsiku.
6. Yerekezerani kuti mupumule. Nthawi zonse muyenera kugona mokwanira, yang'anani zochepa pa TV kapena chophimba pafoni kuti maso anu asatope. Kuchotsa khofi musanagone.

Tsoka ilo, asayansi sakudziwa momwe angachiritsire matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri. Koma kutsatira kadyedwe koyenera, moyo wokangalika, kusiya zizolowezi zoyipa, kuzindikira kwakanthawi ndimankhwala omwe amakupatsani mankhwala kumakupatsani mwayi kuti shuga yanu ikhalebe yokhazikika.

Mu kanema mu nkhaniyi, adotolo azikambirana zofanana ndi shuga.