Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga chikukula tsiku ndi tsiku. Chifukwa chake, lero chiwerengero cha odwala olembetsedwa chikufika pa 300 miliyoni. Komanso chiwerengero cha omwe sadziwa za kukhalapo kwa matendawa chilinso chambiri.
Masiku ano, madokotala komanso asayansi ambiri padziko lonse lapansi akuchita kafukufuku komanso matenda a shuga. Chifukwa chake, anthu ambiri amakonda kuchiza matenda osokoneza bongo kunja, ku Germany. Kupatula apo, dziko lino limatchuka chifukwa chaopeza bwino kwambiri zachipatala, zipatala komanso madokotala abwino kwambiri.
Madokotala aku Germany samagwiritsa ntchito shuga ngati njira zamachikhalidwe zokhazokha, komanso matekinoloje oyenda bwino omwe amapangidwa mu labotale yofufuza m'makliniki. Izi zimathandizira osati kungongolera thanzi la odwala matenda ashuga, komanso kukwaniritsa kuchotsedwa kwa matendawo kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kodi matenda ashuga amapezeka bwanji ku Germany?
Asanachiritse matenda ashuga ku Europe, madokotala amamuwunikira wodwala mozama komanso mokwanira. Diagnosis imaphatikizapo kufunsana ndi endocrinologist yemwe amatenga anamnesis, kuti adziwe zomwe wodwalayo akudandaula, amapanga chithunzi chonse cha matendawa, nthawi yake, kupezeka kwa zovuta ndi zotsatira za chithandizo cham'mbuyomu.
Kuphatikiza apo, wodwalayo amatumizidwa kukapangana ndi madotolo ena, monga, katswiri wa zamitsempha, ophthalmologist, wothandizira wazakudya zamankhwala ndi wamankhwala. Komanso, kafukufuku wa labotale amatenga gawo lalikulu pakutsimikizira matendawa. Choyambirira kudziwa mtundu wa shuga kudziko lina kuyezetsa magazi komwe kumatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer yapadera.
Kuyesereranso kwa glucose kumachitidwanso. TSH imathandizira kudziwa kupezeka kwa matenda ashuga, omwe amapezeka mwa mitundu yaposachedwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuwunika kwa HbA1c kumayikidwa, komwe mumatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi masiku 90 apitawa. Ubwino wa kuyesedwa koteroko ndikuti ukhoza kuchitika popanda zoletsa muzakudya komanso nthawi iliyonse masana. Komabe, kuyesa kwa hemoglobin sikuyenera kudziwa mtundu woyamba wa shuga, ngakhale umatha kudziwa matenda a prediabetes ndi mtundu wachiwiri.
Madokotala aku Germany amapendanso mkodzo wa shuga. Pa izi, kuchuluka kwamkodzo kwamkati kapena tsiku ndi tsiku (maola 6) kumatengedwa.
Ngati munthu ali wathanzi, ndiye kuti zotsatira zake zimatsimikizira. Nthawi zambiri m'makliniki ku Germany, mayeso a mkodzo amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso a Diabur (mikwingwirima yapadera).
Kuphatikiza pa kuyesedwa kwa labotale, musanapangitse matenda a matenda ashuga ku Germany, diagnostics akuwonetsedwa, pomwe adokotala amatsimikiza momwe thupi la wodwalayo lilili:
- Doppler sonography - ikuwonetsa mkhalidwe wamitsempha ndi mitsempha, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kupezeka kwa zikwangwani pamakoma.
- Ultrasound yam'mimbamo yam'mimba - imakuthandizani kuti mudziwe momwe ziwalo zamkati zilili, kodi pali zotupa mkati mwawo, mawonekedwe ake ndi kukula kwake.
- Doppler ultrasound ultrasound - amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe momwe mtima wamiyendo ndi miyendo ndi manja.
- Electrocardiogram - imathandizira kuzindikira kusakhazikika kwa mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi yomwe idabuka motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda ashuga.
- CT - imakupatsani mwayi wofufuza momwe mtima wamunthu ulili.
- Osteodensitometry - kuwunika kwa mafupa a axial.
Mtengo wazidziwitso umatengera zinthu zambiri. Umu ndi mtundu wa matenda, kupezeka kwa zovuta, ziyeneretso za dotolo ndi zoyenera za chipatala chomwe phunziroli limachitikira.
Koma pali mitengo yoyenera, mwachitsanzo, kuyezetsa matenda a shuga kumatenga pafupifupi 550 euro, ndi mayeso a labotale - 250 ma euro.
Chithandizo chamankhwala ndi opaleshoni ya shuga m'magulu aku Germany
Onse omwe amathandizidwa ku Germany amasiya ndemanga zabwino, chifukwa ku Western Europe, chithandizo chovuta chimachitika, kuphatikiza njira zachikhalidwe komanso zatsopano. Kuti achotse matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba m'makiriniki aku Germany, odwala matenda ashuga amaikidwa mankhwala monga biguanides, amalimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa shuga ndikuletsa mapangidwe ake m'chiwindi. Komanso, mapiritsi oterewa amalepheretsa chidwi.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuthandizira matenda amishuga amtundu 1 ku Germany, monga mayiko ena, kumakhudzanso insulin kapena mankhwala ena omwe amachititsa kuti shuga azikhala ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala ochokera ku gulu la sulfonylurea amapatsidwa matenda a shuga 1.
Chithandizo chodziwika bwino m'gululi ndi Amiral, chomwe chimayendetsa maselo a pancreatic beta, kuwakakamiza kuti apange insulin. Chipangizocho chimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali, choncho zotsatira zake zikalephereka zimakhalabe masiku ena 60-90.
Pofuna kuthana ndi matenda a shuga a 2 ku Germany, kuwunika kwa wodwala kukufotokoza kuti, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi mtundu wa insulin, chithandizo chofunikira ndichofunika, chomwe chimatengera mfundo izi:
- mankhwala antidiabetesic;
- kwambiri insulin mankhwala;
- ochiritsira chithandizo ndi insulin yosakanikirana;
- kugwiritsa ntchito pampu ya insulin.
Ndikofunikanso kupanga mankhwala othandiza odwala matenda ashuga ochokera ku Germany. Glibomet ndi ya amtundu wotere - iyi ndi yophatikiza (imaphatikiza ndi Biguanide ndi sulfonylurea yotengera mibadwo iwiri) hypoglycemic mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matenda a mtundu 2.
Mankhwala ena achijeremani omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtundu wa insulin wodalira matendawa ndi glimerida based glyride. Ndiwothandiziratu hypoglycemic wochokera ku sulfonylurea. Mankhwala amathandizira kupanga pancreatic insulin, ndikuwonjezera kutulutsa kwa mahomoni ndikusintha kukokana kwa insulin.
Komanso ku Germany, mankhwala a Glucobay, omwe ndi othandizira odwala matenda a shuga, anapangidwa. Chithandizo chogwira ntchito cha mankhwala ndi acarbose (pseudotetrasaccharide), chomwe chimakhudza m'mimba, chimalepheretsa-glucosidase, ndipo chimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana za saccharides. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwamphamvu kwa glucose kuchokera m'matumbo, mulingo wake wapakati umachepetsedwa.
Jardins ndi mankhwala ena otchuka a antidiabetes omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matenda a insulin osadziletsa. The yogwira pophika mankhwala amalola odwala kusintha glycemic, mwa kuchepetsa kubwezeretsanso kwa impso.
Chithandizo cha opaleshoni ya shuga chakunja chimachitika m'njira ziwiri:
- kupatsidwa zina za kapamba;
- kufalikira kwa ma islets aku Langerhans.
Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa 1 wovuta kwambiri amatha kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma cell a pancreatic cell. Koma opaleshoni yotereyi ndizovuta kwambiri, chifukwa madokotala abwino okha ku Germany ndiwo amachita izi. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mwayi wokanidwa, ndichifukwa chake odwala matenda ashuga pambuyo pake amafunikira kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala osafunikira moyo wonse.
Langerhans islet cell transplantation imachitika pogwiritsa ntchito catheter yomwe inalowetsedwa mu mtsempha wa chiwindi. Kuika (maselo a beta) kumalowetsedwa kudzera mu chubu, chifukwa cha momwe insulin yotchinga ndikusweka kwa glucose kumachitika m'chiwindi.
Kuchita opareshoni kumachitika pansi pa mankhwala oletsa kudwala omwe ali ndi matenda a insulin.
Mankhwala ena a shuga ku Germany
Odwala matenda a shuga ku Germany omwe ndemanga zawo zimakhala zabwino nthawi zonse, dziwani kuti kuwonjezera pamankhwala, madokotala aku Germany amalimbikitsa kuti odwala awonere zakudya. Chifukwa chake, kwa wodwala aliyense, menyu amapangidwira payekhapayekha, momwe mungaperekere ndikukhalabe ndi kuchuluka kwa masheya m'magazi.
Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu mosavuta komanso zamafuta osapatsa thanzi zimaperekedwa kunja kwa zakudya za odwala matenda ashuga. Zosankhazo zimasankhidwa kotero kuti chiwerengero cha mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya cham'mimba motere - 20%: 25%: 55%.
Muyenera kudya nthawi 5-6 patsiku. Zakudyazi ziyenera kulemezedwa ndi zinthu zamkaka, zipatso, masamba, nsomba zamitundu mitundu, nyama, mtedza. Ndipo chokoleti ndi maswiti ena ayenera kutayidwa.
Posachedwa, ku Germany, matenda ashuga amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala azitsamba, chifukwa chake ndizotheka kuchepetsa mlingo wa insulin ndi mankhwala. Ku Germany, kuwunika kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga kumatsimikizira kuti chithandizo cha phytotherapeutic chimathandizanso mtundu wina wa matenda ashuga. Zomera zabwino zaantidiabetes ndi:
- phulusa la kumapiri;
- ginseng;
- beets;
- nettle;
- Blueberries
- burdock;
- rasipiberi.
Komanso chithandizo chokwanira cha matenda ashuga ku Germany chimafunikiranso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi a matenda a shuga omwe amatha kuchepetsa kufunika kwa insulin. Pulogalamu yapadera yophunzitsira imapangidwa aliyense payekha kwa wodwala aliyense. Nthawi zambiri odwala matenda ashuga, madokotala amalimbikitsa kukwera maulendo, tennis, masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kusambira pafupipafupi padziwe.
Kuti ayambitse chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe chimafooka mu shuga, odwala amapatsidwa ma immunostimulants. Chifukwa chaichi, ma immunoglobulins, ma antibodies, ndi ma othandizira ena omwe amachititsa kuti chitetezo chofunikira mthupi chizitchulidwa.
Njira yodziwika kwambiri komanso yotsogola yogwiritsira ntchito matenda a shuga ku Germany ndi kubzala maselo a pancreatic stem m'malo owonongeka. Izi zimayambiranso ntchito ya thupi ndikubwezeretsa ziwiya zowonongeka.
Komanso, maselo amtundu amaletsa kuwoneka kwa zovuta zingapo za matenda ashuga (retinopathy, phokoso la shuga) ndikuwonjezera chitetezo chokwanira. Ndi matenda omwe amadalira insulin, njira yodalirika yothandizirayi imathandizira kubwezeretsa ziwalo zowonongeka, zomwe zimachepetsa kufunika kwa insulin.
Ndi matenda amtundu 2, opaleshoni imatha kukonza bwino komanso kuchepetsa matenda a shuga.
Chidziwitso chinanso chamankhwala amakono ndi kusefedwa kwa magazi pakapangidwe kake kasintha. Hemocorrection ndikuti chipangizo chapadera chimaphatikizidwa kwa wodwala, pomwe magazi a venous amawongoleredwa. Pazipangizo, magazi amayeretsedwa kuchokera ku ma antibodies kupita ku insulin yakunja, kusefedwa ndikulemeretsedwa. Kenako abwezeretsedwanso.
Njira ina yowonjezera yamankhwala ndi physiotherapy ya odwala matenda ashuga komanso zipatala zaku Germany zimapereka njira zotsatirazi:
- Chithandizo cha EHF;
- magnetotherapy;
- katemera;
- Ultrasound mankhwala;
- Reflexology;
- hydrotherapy;
- electrotherapy;
- cryotherapy;
- mawonekedwe a laser.
Ku Germany, matenda ashuga amathandizidwa pang'onopang'ono kapena kunja. Mtengo ndi nthawi yayitali yamankhwala zimatengera njira yosankhidwa ya chithandizo ndi matenda. Mtengo wapakati umachokera ku ma euro awiri.
Anthu odwala matenda ashuga, omwe akhala akuwunika pafupipafupi ku Germany, adziwa kuti zipatala zabwino kwambiri ndi Charite (Berlin), University Hospital Bonn, St. Lucas ndi Medical Institute of Berlin. Zowonadi, m'madipatimenti amenewa ndi madokotala oyenerera okha omwe amagwira ntchito omwe amalemekeza thanzi la wodwala aliyense, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala amodzi mwa madokotala abwino kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Kanemayo munkhaniyi amapereka ndemanga za odwala omwe akuwasamalira ku Germany.
