Kupenda kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumathandiza kuzindikira osati shuga wokhawokha, komanso gawo lake lakale - matenda aposachedwa, kapena matenda ashuga. Nthawi imeneyi imakhala yofanana ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda osokoneza bongo, omwe amatsitsa pang'onopang'ono amalephera kuyankha ndi insulin, ndipo zizindikiro zamankhwala zimagwa ndi kuchuluka kwa hyperglycemia.
Kupeza shuga m'magazi 6 ndi pamwambapa (mmol / l), kumatanthauza kuphwanya kwamoto kagayidwe kachakudya kuti kukonzekera kuunikako kunachitika molingana ndi malamulowo, zinthu zomwe zingakhudze kudalirika kumaganiziridwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwamankhwala kumadziwika mobwerezabwereza.
Nthawi zambiri, kupatuka koteroko kumapangitsa dokotala kukayikira kupezeka kwa matenda osokoneza bongo monga momveka bwino. Kuti musankhe pazinthu zina, mumawunikira ma laboratori owonjezera.
Zomwe zimayambitsa shuga wambiri ndimagazi?
Miyezi yambiri ya glucose yoyambitsidwa imatha chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa mahomoni opsinjika m'magazi. Kuchita koteroko kumakhala koteteza komanso kukulitsa kusintha kwa zinthu zakuthambo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za thupi mukakumana ndi ngozi ya moyo. Kuchulukitsidwa kwa misempha ya shuga ndikosakhalitsa ndipo kumachitika mwa anthu athanzi.
Zomwe zimatha kukhala zowonjezereka zolimbitsa thupi ku glycemia: kupsinjika, kupsinjika kwa thupi kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, masoka achilengedwe, mantha, kusangalala kwakukulu. Pambuyo pakutha kwa chinthu chomwe chinayambitsa kukula kwa shuga, chizindikiritso cha zomwe zili m'magazi chimabweranso chazokha.
Kukwera kwa zochitika zotere kumalumikizidwa ndi kubisalira kwa mahomoni kuchokera ku ma cortical ndi ubongo wosanjikiza kwa ma gren adrenal, komanso kutsegula kwa mtima wamanjenje. Makina owonjezera glycemia ndi chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa masitolo a glycogen m'chiwindi kupita ku mamolekyulu a shuga.
Zina zonse, kupatula shuga, zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose panthawi yodwala kapena yovulala. Pambuyo pochotsa zomwe zimayambitsa, shuga atha kubwereranso mwakale. Matenda a shuga okha ndi omwe amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga, momwe zimatha kubwezeretsanso ku zenizeni zomwe zili ndi chithandizo chapadera.
Zomwe sizikhala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo a hyperglycemia zimaphatikizapo:
- Mkhalidwe wonjenjemera ndi kupweteka kwambiri, kugunda kwa mtima, polytrauma, stroke.
- Kuwonongeka kwambiri pakhungu chifukwa cha kupsa.
- Zithandizo za opaleshoni.
- Khunyu
- Matenda a chiwindi.
- Matenda a endocrine (gren adrenal gland, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro).
Chifukwa chake, pakuyerekeza kolondola kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga a 6.8 mmol / l, ndikofunikira kupatula zifukwa zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi shuga. Ngati zinthu zotere sizingakhudze kusanthula, zimatsalira kudziwa zomwe zikutanthauza: prediabetes kapena shuga.
Popeza chizindikirochi chimaposa chizolowezi (5.5 mmol / L), ndipo chili pafupi ndi malire, pambuyo pake kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga mellitus (7.0 mmol / L), kafukufuku wokhala ndi glucose katundu adzafunika.
Zizindikiro ndi njira yolekerera ya glucose?
Kulekerera kwa shuga kumawonetsa momwe thupi limayankhira pakukula kwa glycemia. Tekinoloje yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita izi imayeseza zomwe zimachitika mutatha kudya.
Kuyeseraku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe matenda a prediabetes komanso momwe amathandizira kudziwa mtundu wa matenda a shuga. Kulekerera kwamankhwala am'mimba kumachitika pafupipafupi chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri, chifukwa zimapangitsa kuti insulin ithe, yomwe imayambitsa matenda a hyperglycemia.
Njira zoterezi zimadziwika ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga 2, motero, kuwunika komwe kumachitika kumachitika mwa anthu omwe ali ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kupezeka kwake. Zotsatira za kuyeserera kwa shuga:
- Kunenepa kwambiri, makamaka pamimba mafuta.
- Zaka ndi zaka 45.
- Heredity: pali achibale oyamba omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.
- Matenda oopsa: kuthamanga kwa magazi kupitirira 140/90 mm Hg. Art.
- Kutalika kwakanthawi kwa mahomoni, ma diuretics, antipsychotic, antidepressants.
- Matenda a shuga, mwana wosabadwayo wamkulu kapena wosabereka, kusokonezeka kobadwa nako.
- Mitundu yotsika kwambiri ya lipids yapamwamba komanso triglycerides yapamwamba.
- Pafupipafupi matenda, kuphatikizapo fungal, matenda.
Katswiri wofufuza m'maso yemwe ali ndi matenda am'mimba amatha kutumizanso kukayezetsa, dermatologist - yokhala ndi furunculosis, dokotala wazachipatala - wokhala ndi vuto losabala, polycystic ovary, mu kusintha kwa msambo.
Kukonzekera phunziroli kumaphatikizapo kuwona zakudya zomwe zili pachakudya, chizolowezi chathupi komanso m'maganizo, kupewa nkhawa, matenda, komanso kusowa tulo. Pakadutsa maola 10 chakudya chatha (m'mawa pamimba yopanda kanthu), wodwalayo amayesedwa magazi koyambirira kwa shuga.
Kenako muyenera kumwa madzi ndi shuga wosungunuka (75 g) ndikubwereza kafukufukuyu patatha maola awiri. Kukhazikika kwa zotsatira zoyeserera kumaphatikizapo kuphwanya zotsatirazi (mmol / l):
- Kulolerana kwa shuga: pamimba yopanda 7, komanso pambuyo pa kuyesedwa 7.8-11.1.
- Kuthamanga kwa kusokoneza kwa glucose: pamimba yopanda kanthu - 6.1-7.0, pambuyo pa maola awiri kuchokera pakudya kwa glucose - osakwana 7.8.
Zosankha zonsezi ndi chikhalidwe cha prediabetes. Ndi prediabetes, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kukhazikika nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuwukanso.
Magazi omwe ali pamwambapa amatanthauza kuti wodwalayo amatha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga kwakanthawi.
Izi ndizotheka ngati njira zoletsa sizinatengedwe.
Kupewa matenda a shuga
Pa siteji ya matenda abwinobwino a shuga, kukula kwa matendawa kumatha kuchepetsedwa kapena kusinthika kwa shuga wowona atha kukhala kunja kwathunthu. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikuletsa kudya zakudya zosavuta zamafuta, chifukwa zimachulukitsa glycemia. Poyankha izi, insulin imamasulidwa.
Matenda a metabolism amatsimikiziridwa ndi onse a hyperglycemia ndi hyperinsulinemia. Kuchuluka kwa insulini m'magazi kumatsitsa zomwe zimachitika mu minyewa yake, zomwe zimawonjezera hyperglycemia - kuzungulira koipa kumachitika.
Popewa matenda a shuga, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisinthe kadyedwe ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusiya zizolowezi zoyipa ndikuonetsetsa kuti mukumayesedwa kamodzi pachaka.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zimaphatikizira kuphatikizidwa kwa zinthu zomwe sizingapangitse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, komanso zimathandizira kupanga insulin. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuphunzira zomwe zimapangidwira. Zizindikiro ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: index ya glycemic ndi index ya insulin, amawonetsedwa m'matafura apadera.
Magulu otsatirawa ayenera kusiyanitsidwa:
- Maswiti, makeke, zipatso zokoma ndi zipatso zake.
- Nyama yamafuta ndi mafuta amkaka omwe amakhala ndi mafuta ambiri.
- Zakudya zokhwasula-khwasula, chakudya mwachangu, zakumwa za shuga, ayisikilimu.
- Zophika, mpunga, semolina ndi pasitala.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti kutsimikizika kwakukulu mu zakudya zizipangidwa mwatsopano masamba ndi masamba azomera, kukonzekera saladi ndi masamba a masamba. Nsomba zamafuta pang'ono, nkhuku ndi nyama ndizomwe zimapatsa mapuloteni ambiri. Zimaloledwa, koma kuganizira kuchuluka kwa kalori onse pazakudyazo, kugwiritsa ntchito mtedza ndi njere, zipatso zamtengo wotsika pang'ono komanso mchere wotsekemera pa zotsekemera.
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi sizimangokhala ndi mphamvu yochiritsa, koma kugwiritsa ntchito ndendende pazochitika zamavuto amthupi zimagwirizana ndi mfundo yoti minofu imatenga glucose m'magazi panthawi yogwira ntchito, kutsitsa hyperglycemia, komanso kumakulitsa chidwi cha insulin receptors.
Chofunikanso ndi kuthekera kochulukitsira mphamvu zamagetsi panthawi yophunzitsa zolimbitsa thupi. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse mafuta m'thupi, limasinthasintha mawonekedwe a magazi, kuchepetsa cholesterol yonse. Kusintha koteroko kumathandizira kupewa kukula kwa matenda a mtima ogwirizana ndi atherosulinosis.
Phokoso ndi mtundu wa masewera olimbitsa thupi pokhapokha ngati pali matenda obanika omwe angathe kusankhidwa malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna. Mitundu yotereyi imalimbikitsidwa yomwe imakupatsani mwayi woti muzichita pafupifupi mphindi 150 pa sabata. Izi zitha kukhala kusambira, masewera olimbitsa thupi, yoga, Pilates, kuvina, kusewera masewera, kuthamanga, kuyenda kwa Nordic ndi kuyenda wamba.
Ngati njira zomwe zimatengedwa kuti zikuwonjezere ntchito zamagalimoto ndikusintha kwa zakudya sizinali zokwanira, kapena wodwalayo sakufuna kusintha momwe amakhalira, ndiye kuti mankhwala othandizirana ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga atha kutumizidwa, koma awonetsa kuyesetsa kwake kupewa.
Zoyenera kwambiri m'magulu awa a odwala zitha kukhala mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe zinthu zomwe zimagwira:
- Metformin - Glucophage, Siofor,
- Acarbose - Glucobai.
- Rosiglitazone - Avandia.
Zimakhudza kuyamwa kwa glucose m'matumbo ndikuletsa kuchuluka kwake mutatha kudya (Glucobai), kuonjezera kuyamwa kwa shuga kuchokera m'magazi ndi kutulutsidwa kwamafuta acids acid (Avandia).
Mankhwala opangidwa ndi Metformin ali ndi mawonekedwe ochulukirapo: amachepetsa mapangidwe a mamolekyulu atsopano a chiwindi mu chiwindi ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwa glycogen, amalimbikitsa maselo a insulin, kukulitsa chidwi cha maselo a insulin, imathandizira kuthamanga kwa glucose ndi minofu ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwake minofu, komanso kuletsa kuyamwa kwa glucose m'matumbo.
Pa gawo la matenda aposachedwa a shuga, ma phytopreparations angapo adziwonetsa okha bwino, popeza iwo, ndi zovuta zochepa, amatsuka thupi, amawonjezera mphamvu zake, ali ndi mahomoni azomera omwe ali ofanana ndi inulin pochita, komanso ali ndi antioxidant zotsatira, akuthandizira kubwezeretsa kapamba.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti wowerengeka azitsamba okhala ndi chizolowezi chowonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga wogwiritsa ntchito shuga ndi infusions wa chowawa, chicory ndi elecampane muzu, tsamba la bay, udzu wofiyira ndi mbuzi, zipatso za chokeberry ndi phulusa lofiirira, mapira abuluu. Kanema yemwe ali munkhaniyi akuthandizani kumvetsetsa zoyenera kuchita mukakwera shuga.
