Mankhwalawa amapezeka m'mitundu iwiri. Fomuyo mwa mtundu wa kuyimitsidwa kwa kayendedwe ka subcutaneous yopangidwa m'mabotolo ndi makatiriji imatchedwa Biosulin N.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa mankhwalawo umatchedwa Biosulin P ndipo ndi yankho lomwe limapangidwa m'mabotolo ndi ma cartridge.
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati othandizira hypoglycemic ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ashuga.
Pharmacological zimatha mankhwala
Insulin Biosulin N ndi insulin yaumunthu yomwe imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchitoukadaulo wa DNA.
Biosulin N ndi insulin yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawo akhale pa thupi la munthu zimadalira momwe mankhwalawo amagwiritsidwira ntchito ndi ma membrane a ziwalo zotengera insulin, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale insulini-receptor.
Zomwe zimapangidwira zovuta zimapangitsa kagayidwe kazakudya. Njira izi zikuphatikiza kaphatikizidwe ka michere yonse, monga:
- hexokinase;
- pyruvate kinase;
- glycogen synthetases, etc.
Mankhwalawa amapereka kuchepa kwa glucose mthupi la munthu yemwe akudwala matenda a shuga 1 ndikuwonjezera njira yotumizira mu maselo ndikuwonjezera mayamwidwe ndi kutsekemera kwa shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, njira za lipogenesis ndi glycogenogeneis zimatheka. Biosulin N ndi Biosulin P amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a chiwindi.
Kutalika kwa mankhwala kumadalira kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe. Zinthu zotsatirazi zimakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe:
- Mlingo wa mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Njira makonzedwe a mankhwala.
- Malo oyang'anira wothandizidwa ndi insulin.
- Mkhalidwe wa thupi la wodwalayo.
Mbiri ya zochita zamkati mwamankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi motere:
- kumayambiriro kwa mankhwalawa kumayamba patatha maola 1-2 pambuyo pa kubayidwa;
- kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa amawonedwa pambuyo maola 6-12;
- nthawi ya mankhwalawa imachokera ku 18 mpaka 24 maola.
Kukwanira kwathunthu kwa mankhwalawa komanso kuthamanga kwa thupi kumadalira gawo lomwe jakisoni, Mlingo ndi kuyika kwa wogwira pakapangidwe kamankhwala. Kugawa kwa mankhwala m'thupi sikofanana. Kulowetsedwa kwa mankhwalawa kudzera mu chotchinga chachikulu sichimachitika, ndipo mankhwalawo sangathe kulowa mkaka wa m'mawere.
Kuwonongeka kwa othandizira omwe amathandizira kumachitika ndi insulinase makamaka m'maselo a chiwindi ndi minofu ya impso. Kutulutsa kwa zinthu zowonongeka kumachitika ndi impso.
Njira yochotseredwa m'thupi imachotsa pafupifupi 30-80%.
Zizindikiro, contraindication ndi mavuto
Chizindikiro chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi kupezeka kwa thupi la wodwalayo la mtundu 1 wa shuga.
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga.
Zoyeserera zazikulu zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndizopezeka kwa kukhudzika kwa chidwi cha insulin kapena chinthu china chomwe ndi gawo la chipangizo chachipatala ndikukula kwa zizindikiro za wodwala wokhala ndi hypoglycemic state.
Kuwoneka kwa zoyipa kuchokera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwachipatala kumalumikizidwa ndi kukopa kwa omaliza pamachitidwe a kagayidwe kazakudya.
Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimapezeka mthupi la wodwala mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi izi:
- Kukula m'thupi la dziko la hypoglycemic, komwe kumadziwoneka ngati khungu, khungu limakulitsa thukuta, kuwonjezeka kwa mtima komanso kuwoneka kwamphamvu ndi njala. Kuphatikiza apo, chisangalalo cha dongosolo lamanjenje ndi paresthesia mkamwa zimawonekera; Hypoglycemia yayikulu imatha kupha.
- Thupi lawo siligwirizana mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa limawonekera kawirikawiri ndipo nthawi zambiri limapezeka pakhungu pakhungu, kukulira kwa edema ya Quincke, komanso m'malo osowa kwambiri anaphylactic amayamba.
- Momwe zimachitikira zoyipa zam'deralo, hyperemia, kutupa ndi kuyabwa m'malo a jekeseni. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwanthawi yayitali, kukulira kwa lipodystrophy m'malo a jakisoni ndikotheka.
Kuphatikiza apo, maonekedwe a edema, ndi zolakwika zokonzanso. Nthawi zambiri, zotsiriza zomwe zafotokozedwa zimachitika poyambira chithandizo.
Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa
Mankhwala ndi njira yothandizirana ndi ma subcutaneous. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ofunikira jakisoni kuyenera kuwerengedwa ndi adokotala.
Ndi endocrinologist yekha amene amatha kuwerengera mlingo, yemwe amayenera kuganizira za momwe thupi limayendera komanso zotsatira za mayeso ndi mayeso a wodwalayo. Mlingo wogwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira ayenera kuganizira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi la wodwalayo. Nthawi zambiri, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito muyezo wa 0,5 mpaka 1 IU / kg wa wodwala thupi.
Kutentha kwa wothandizila kugwiritsitsa ntchito thupi kuyenera kukhala kutentha kwa m'chipinda.
Mlingo wowerengera wa mankhwalawa uyenera kuperekedwa m'dera la ntchafu. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa amatha kuthandizidwa mosadukiza m'chigawo cha khomo lachiberekero lamkatikati, matako, kapena dera lomwe minofu yolumikizira imakhalapo.
Pofuna kupewa lipodystrophy mu shuga mellitus, ndikofunikira kusintha tsamba la jakisoni.
Biosulin N ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chodziimira pakanema mankhwala a insulin komanso monga gawo la mankhwala osakanikirana molumikizana ndi Biosulin P, omwe ndi insulin yochepa.
Mankhwalawa sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwalawa atapukusidwa, kuyimitsidwa sikupeza tint yoyera ndipo sikukhala ngati mitambo.
Pankhani yogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa shuga wa m'magazi kuyenera kuchitika.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kukula kwa hypoglycemic state m'thupi la wodwalayo zitha kukhala, kuwonjezera pa bongo, zifukwa zotsatirazi:
- m'malo mankhwala;
- kuphwanya dongosolo lazakudya;
- kupezeka kwa kusanza;
- kupezeka kwa matenda am'mimba;
- malangizo a thupi la wodwalayo kuchuluka kwa zochitika zolimbitsa thupi;
- matenda omwe amakhudza kufunika kwa thupi kwa insulin;
- kusintha kwa jekeseni;
- mogwirizana ndi mankhwala ena.
Ndi kukhazikitsidwa koyambirira kwa insulin, kuyendetsa magalimoto sikuyenera kuchitika, popeza pali kuthekera kwakukulu kotsika kachitidwe ka anthu komanso kuchepa kwa maonedwe acuity.
Zosungirako, mtengo wake ndi mawonekedwe a mankhwalawa
Mankhwalawa amayenera kusungidwa pamalo otetezedwa ku kuwala, kutentha kwa madigiri 2 mpaka 8 Celsius. Sizoletsedwa kuyimitsa chipangizo chachipatala.
Botolo lotseguka ndikugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chachipatala liyenera kusungidwa pamtunda wotentha kuchokera ku 15 mpaka 25 digiri Celsius. Malangizo a insulin awa ogwiritsira ntchito akuti moyo wa alumali wa mankhwalawa ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa katiriji, moyo wa alumali wa cartridge wogwiritsidwa ntchito suyenera kupitirira masabata anayi.
Mankhwalawa amayenera kusungidwa m'malo osavomerezeka ndi ana.
Moyo wa alumali wa chipangizo chachipatala chokhazikitsidwa ndi zaka ziwiri. Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, chipangizo chachipatala sichigwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin.
Mankhwalawa amagawidwa m'mafakisoni mosamalitsa.
Malinga ndi odwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito insulin yamtunduwu, ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri kuwongolera mulingo wa shuga m'thupi la wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga.
The fanizo la mankhwala ndi:
- Gansulin N.
- Insuran NPH.
- Humulin NPH.
- Humodar.
- Rinsulin NPH.
Mtengo wa botolo limodzi ku Russia ndi pafupifupi ma ruble 500-510, ndipo ma cartridge 5 okhala ndi voliyumu 3 ml iliyonse amakhala ndi mtengo wokwanira ma ruble a 1046-1158.
Kanemayo munkhaniyi akukamba za zomwe amachita ndi insulin.
