Mthupi la munthu, insulin imasungidwa mosalekeza, mwachitsanzo, ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi. Mwa anthu omwe akudwala matenda ashuga, njirayi imasokonekera ndipo pakufunika kuwongolera kwake pakubweretsa mankhwala omwe amaloza mahomoni awa. Insulin yatsopano 2018 ndiyodziwika bwino pamachitidwe ake komanso chitetezo kwa odwala matenda ashuga.
Pambuyo pa jakisoni, mulingo wa insulini m'mwazi umakwera mofulumira, kenako ndikuchepa, zomwe zimapangitsa thanzi la munthuyo, ndikupangitsa kusokonezeka. Ndikosavuta kukhalabe ndi thupi labwinobwino usiku, ngakhale pakukhazikitsa mankhwala musanalowe sikuthandizira kuyimitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'mamawa.
Pachifukwachi, kukula kwa ma insulin atsopano kumachitika nthawi zonse, zomwe zimatipatsa mwayi wokhala ndi shuga wamagazi pafupipafupi tsiku lonse.
Kodi insulin ndi chiyani
Ichi ndi mahomoni okhala ndi mapuloteni, omwe amapangidwa ndi maselo a beta mu kapamba.
Insulin imalola mamolekyulu a glucose kulowa m'maselo, motero, maselo amalandira mphamvu yofunikira, ndipo glucose sadziunjikira m'magazi. Kuphatikiza apo, insulin imakhudzidwa pakusintha kwa glucose kukhala glycogen. Izi ndi njira yayikulu yamphamvu yopulumutsira thupi.
Ngati kapamba amagwira ntchito bwino, ndiye kuti munthu amatulutsa insulini pang'ono, ndikatha kudya kuchuluka kwa insulini komwe kumapangidwa, komwe kumagwira ntchito ndi mafuta, chakudya komanso zinthu zina.
Ndi kuchuluka kwamavuto amtundu wa insulin, mtundu 1 wa shuga umapangidwa, ndikuphwanya koyenera kwa chinthuchi, mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umawonekera.
Mu matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, kuwonongeka kwa pang'onopang'ono kwa maselo a beta, komwe kumayambitsa kuchepa, kenako kusiya kwathunthu kupanga insulin. Pofuna kuyamwa michere yomwe imabwera ndi chakudya, insulin yakunja ndiyofunikira.
Exo native insulin ikhoza kukhala:
- lalitali
- mwachidule
- ultrashort kanthu.
Mu shuga mellitus wamtundu wachiwiri, insulin imapangidwa moyenera, ndipo nthawi zambiri kuposa momwe amafunikira, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zovuta. Singathe kugwira ntchito pamankhwala am'magazi kuti ma mamolekyulu a glucose alowe mkati.
Pankhani ya matenda a shuga a 2, pali mankhwala apadera omwe amasintha mawonekedwe a insulin.
Tresiba
Gulu la insulin zatsopano limaphatikizanso mankhwala a deglaude, omwe ali ndi insulin yothandizira kwa nthawi yayitali. Zotsatira zimatha mpaka maola makumi anayi. Insulin yamtunduwu imapangidwa kuti athandize odwala matenda amtundu wa 1 komanso mtundu wa 2 odwala akuluakulu. Mayeso azachipatala a omwe atenga nawo mbali 1102 adawonetsa kuti mankhwalawa ndi othandizira odwala matenda amtundu 1.
Tresiba insulin idayesedwa m'mayeso 6 azachipatala omwe amafunsidwa mpaka 3,000 anakhalapo nawo. Tresiba yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira othandizira odwala matenda am'mimba othandizira odwala matenda amishuga a 2.
Anthu omwe adalandira insulin iyi adafika pamlingo wowongoletsa glycemic ofanana ndi omwe adakwaniritsidwa ndi Lantus ndi Levemir. Tresiba iyenera kuperekedwa nthawi iliyonse nthawi 1 patsiku. Insulin yokhala nthawi yayitali imapezeka m'mitundu iwiri:
- 100 mayunitsi / ml (U-100), komanso 200 mayunitsi / ml (U-200),
- FlexTouch cholembera insulin.
Monga mankhwala aliwonse, insulin iyi imakhala ndi mavuto, makamaka:
- thupi lawo siligwirizana: anaphylaxis, urticaria,
- achina,
- Hypersensitivity: pafupipafupi chimbudzi, kuchuluka kwa lilime, kuyimitsa khungu, kuchepa kwa ntchito,
- jakisoni lipodystrophy,
- zimachitika kwanuko: kutupa, hematoma, redness, kuyabwa, makulidwe.
Ma insulin atsopano a 2018 amasungidwa pansi pazinthu zofanana ndi zam'mbuyomu. Insulin iyenera kutetezedwa ku chisanu ndi kutentha kwambiri.
Kafukufuku wokhudza insulin yatsopano akupitilizabe, kuphatikizapo kuphunzira odwala matenda ashuga omwe amangogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yatsopano ya insulin. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ma insulin amenewa satchuka m'maiko onse.
Tsopano insulin yatsopano imangokhazikitsidwa m'mizinda ikuluikulu ya Russia. Ubwino wosatsutsika wa mankhwalawa ndikuchepetsa kwa matenda a hypoglycemia. Ngati vutoli likuyenera, mutha kuyesa imodzi mwama insulin atsopano.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mulimonse, pali kuchepa kwa hemoglobin wa glycated.
Ryzodeg
Ryzodeg 70/30 insulin imaphatikizira insulini ya insulle ya insulle: super-yaitali basal insulin (degludec) komanso wothamanga wa prandial insulin (aspart). Kuchita kwake kumadalira kafukufuku wazachipatala ndi anthu 362 omwe adayankha omwe adalandira Ryzodeg.
Zidadziwika kuti mwa omwe anali ndi mtundu wa 1 komanso mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga, kugwiritsa ntchito insulin kumeneku kunathandizira kuchepa kwa HbA, poyerekeza ndi zomwe zidachitika kale chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito insulin yosakaniza kale.
Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin iyi:
- achina,
- thupi lawo siligwirizana
- zimachitika jekeseni,
- lipodystrophy,
- kuyabwa
- zotupa,
- kutupa
- kunenepa.
Tresiba ndi Ryzodeg sayenera kumwedwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi ketoacitodosis.
Tujeo Solostar
Toujeo Insulin Toujeo ndi insulin yatsopano yomwe imapangidwira achikulire omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2. Izi zidapangidwa ndi Sanofi.
Kampaniyi imatulutsa insulin. Mankhwalawa avomerezedwa kale kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ku America. Toujeo ndi insulin yoyambira yokhala ndi mbiri yogwira ntchito maola oposa 35. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito 1 nthawi patsiku la jekeseni. Machitidwe a Tujeo ali ofanana ndi machitidwe a Lantus wa mankhwalawa, womwe ndi chitukuko cha Sanofi.
Mankhwala a inshuwaransi a Tujeo ali ndi maulendo angapo ku Glargin, omwe ndi 300 / ml. M'mbuyomu, sizinali choncho muma insulini ena.
Mitundu yatsopano ya insulin, kuphatikiza Tujeo, imapezeka ngati cholembera chimodzi chogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimakhala ndi ma insulin 450 ndipo imakhala ndi mulingo wambiri wa 80 IU pajekeseni imodzi. Magawo adakhazikitsidwa pamaziko a maphunziro omwe adachitika ndi anthu 6.5 miliyoni omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 komanso a 2.
Kuchuluka kwake kumatanthauza kuti cholembera chimakhala ndi 1.5 ml ya insulini, ndipo ichi ndi theka la makilogalamu atatu wamba a 3 ml.
Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti insulin Tujeo imawonetsa kuwongolera bwino kwa shuga wamagazi ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha kupangika kwazinthu zowopsa monga hypoglycemia mu shuga mellitus, makamaka usiku, mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2.
Ndemanga zoyankha zimakhala zabwino.
Ntchitoglar
Kampaniyo Lilly adawoneka insulin Basaglar. Uku ndikochita kwaposachedwa kwambiri pantchito yopanga insulin yayitali.
Basaglar imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo cha matenda ashuga mwanjira ya insulin yakumbuyo limodzi ndi jakisoni wowoneka bwino kapena wamfupi. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2. Ntchitoglar imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati monotherapy komanso ngati gawo la mankhwala a hypoglycemic.
Insulin iyenera kuperekedwa kamodzi pa maola 24 aliwonse. Ili ndi mbiri yocheperako poyerekeza ndi mankhwala owonjezera omwe amafunikira waukulu kamodzi pa tsiku. Basaglar amachepetsa chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia.
Ndikofunikira kupereka jakisoni tsiku lililonse nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake, ndikosavuta kupewa kuchuluka. Chogulitsachi chimagulitsidwa mu zolembera za syringe za Quick-pen, zomwe zimakhala zokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito.
Mutha kunyamula cholembera nanu ndikupereka jakisoni nthawi iliyonse, kulikonse.
Lantus
Kampani yaku France Sanofi idapanganso Lantus kapena Glargin. Thupi limakwanira kulowa nthawi 1 mu maola 24. Pali maphunziro angapo odziyimira omwe adachitidwa m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Onsewa amati chitetezo cha insulini ichi kwa odwala matenda ashuga okhala ndi mtundu 1 ndi matenda 2.
Mtundu wa insulin yatsopanoyi umabwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa majini ndipo umagwirizana kwathunthu ndi mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi thupi la munthu. Vutoli silipangitsa kuti thupi lanu lizigwirizana komanso silinena.
Mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa onse akulu ndi ana. Muzochitika zina zazikulu za matenda ashuga, chithandizo cha mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (ultrashort) ndi mankhwala osakhalitsa amafunika kuthandizidwa.
Lantus imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku UK, USA ndi mayiko ena. Nthawi yomweyo, chiwerengero cha anthu odwala matenda ashuga omwe amakonda ma insulins amakono chikukula pang'onopang'ono. Mukayamba kutenga insulini, chiopsezo cha glycemia chimacheperachepera.
Insulin yatsopanoyi imapangidwa mwa njira yothetsera jakisoni wovulalayo ndi cholembera. Palibe zovuta kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga popereka mankhwalawa. Ubwino wina pamwambowu ndi kuchotsa kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri.
Mpaka pano, insulin yomwe yakhala ikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali sichinakwaniritse kwenikweni chiyembekezo cha odwala matenda ashuga. Lantus amayenera kuyang'anira insulin mthupi tsiku lonse, koma machitidwe ake amayamba kufooka patatha maola 12.
Zotsatira zake, odwala angapo a hyperglycemia amayamba maola angapo isanakwane mlingo womwe anakonzekera. Kuphatikiza apo, chiopsezo cha hypoglycemia chimawonjezeka pambuyo pa jekeseni.
Lantus pambuyo poti palibe chiwonetsero chazofunikira, ndizovomerezeka kwa maola 24. Lantus asanafike, zitsulo "zapamwamba" zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Watsopano Watsopano
- Humalog,
- Apidra.
Izi zimadzaza mofulumira, mkati mwa mphindi 1-2. Mankhwalawa ndi ovomerezeka kwa maola osaposera awiri. Pambuyo jakisoni wa insulin yamtunduwu, muyenera kudya nthawi yomweyo.
Kanemayo munkhaniyi amafotokoza za insulin ya Tresib.
