Funso la momwe mungakhalire wolumala mu mtundu 2 wa shuga ndilotsutsana kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kukulira kwa njira zakuchiritsira ndi njira zowongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, masiku ano matenda a shuga ambiri, mothandizidwa moyenera, samawopseza moyo, monga zaka makumi angapo zapitazo.
Koma mulimonsemo, kugula mankhwala kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga a magulu osiyanasiyana kumafuna ndalama zambiri, zomwe zingakhale zodula osati zongopuma pokhapokha, komanso nzika zogwira ntchito zomwe zimakakamizika kuwonjezera mabanja awo.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika omwe amafunikira kuwunikira nthawi zonse. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'matenda ena akale. Mwachitsanzo, choyambitsa matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri chimaphwanya chiwindi, mwachitsanzo, kapamba.
Matenda a shuga amakhalanso ndimatenda oyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo. Zadziwika kuti chibadwidwe chimathandizanso pakukula kwa insulin. Choyambitsa chimatha kukhala matenda a autoimmune, kuphatikizapo chithokomiro - zotupa za chithokomiro.
Pachifukwa ichi, ngakhale ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amadalira insulin, odwala ambiri ali ndi vuto lalikulu. Kulola kwa boma kulandira chithandizo kungapangitse kuti moyo ukhale wosavuta. Koma pochita, zimapezeka kuti kulumala chifukwa cha matenda ashuga sikungatheke nthawi zonse, ngakhale ngati chithandizo chili kale pankhani yovuta.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa ngati kulumala mu shuga kumapereka komanso zomwe zimakhudza chisankho cha Commission kuti apange chisankho.
Zinthu zamasiku ano za kulumala
Pakadali pano, monga tanena kale, kulumala mu matenda ashuga sikokha. Malamulo okhudzana ndi kusankhidwa kwa gulu kwa wodwala alimbikitsidwa kwazaka zingapo zapitazi, ndipo zikuvuta kwambiri kukhala ndi chilema pagulu lachiwiri la matenda ashuga.
Malinga ndi dongosolo la Unduna wa Zantchito wa pa Seputembara 29, 2014, kulumala kumatha kupezeka ndi lingaliro la komisheni, yomwe iyenera kukhazikitsidwa pazifukwa zingapo.
Popanga chisankho, komiti ya zamankhwala imaganizira osati kungodziwikitsa kokha monga kukhalapo kapena kusowa kwa zovuta. Izi zikuphatikiza matenda akhungu kapena matenda am'mutu omwe amayamba chifukwa cha chitukuko cha matendawa, omwe amachititsa kuti munthu asamagwire ntchito, komanso asakhale ndi mwayi wodzipereka.
Kuphatikiza apo, momwe matendawa angatengere matenda komanso kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi moyo wabwinobwino zimatha kusinthanso lingaliro ngati gulu lasankhidwa ndi matenda ashuga.
Ngati mukuyang'ana mawerengeredwe, ndiye, mosasamala kanthu za dzikolo, pafupifupi 4-8% ya anthu amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Mwa izi, 60% idapereka kulumala.
Koma pazonse, munthu sangatengedwe kuti ndi wosayenera mtundu wa matenda ashuga a 2. Izi ndizotheka pokhapokha pokwaniritsa malangizowo: kutsatira zakudya zoyenera, kumwa mankhwala ndikuwonetsetsa kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi.
Mitundu yamatenda am'mimba
Wodwala amatchulidwa madigiri angapo olumala, kutengera mawonekedwe a matendawo.
Iliyonse ya magawo amapatsidwa zovuta zina za shuga.
Kutengera ndi zovuta kuzowonetsa, magulu angapo olumala amapatsidwa.
Gulu I la kulumala mu shuga limapangidwira matenda oopsa omwe amayenda ndi matenda monga:
- Encephalopathy
- Ataxia
- Neuropathy
- Cardiomyopathy
- Nephropathy,
- Nthawi zambiri mobwerezabwereza hypoglycemic chikomokere.
Ndi zovuta zotere, munthu amalephera kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino, sangadzisamalire yekha, amafunikira thandizo losalekeza kwa abale ake.
Gulu lachiwiri limayikidwa chifukwa cha kuphwanya kwawonekera kwamthupi kapena m'maganizo:
- neuropathy (gawo lachiwiri);
- encephalopathy
- kuwonongeka kwa mawonekedwe (gawo I, II).
Ndi mawonetseredwe otere, mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo umakulirakulira, koma sikuti nthawi zonse izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusayenda komanso kudzisamalira. Ngati Zizindikiro sizikuwoneka bwino komanso munthu atha kudzisamalira, ndiye kuti kulumala sikumayikidwa.
Gulu Lachiwiri - limayikidwa kuti liwonetse matenda a shuga mellitus, mapapu kapena pathologies olimbitsa.
Matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, pokhapokha ngati mavuto ena azaumoyo awonekera, sichizindikiro chofotokozera odwala matenda ashuga a m'gululi.
Zowonongeka ndi zopindulitsa
Akatswiri a Commission amapanga chisankho chabwino pakusankhidwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a gulu lachiwiri nthawi zina. Choyamba, uwu ndi m'badwo - ana ndi achinyamata ali ndi vuto (lopanda gulu), mosasamala mtundu wa matenda.
Gululi limaperekedwa chifukwa chophwanya kwambiri masisitimu amthupi oyambitsidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa shuga. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Neuropathy (gawo lachiwiri, pamaso paresi),
- Matenda aimpso kulephera
- Encephalopathy
- Kuchepetsa kofunikira mu kuwona kwa acuity kapena kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa mashuga mu shuga.
Ngati wodwala sangathe kugwira ntchito, sangathe kudzipeza yekha, ngati ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, kulumikizidwa kwa gulu lachiwiri ndi komwe.
Aliyense yemwe ali ndi vuto la matenda a shuga amayenera kulandira mankhwala aulere ndi insulin. Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala, ma group omwe amaitanitsa amapatsidwa glucometer, zingwe zoyeserera, ndi ma syringe kwaulere. Kwa anthu olumala omwe ali ndi gulu lachiwonetsero cha matenda ashuga II, malamulowa ndi osiyana. Chiwerengero cha mikwingwirima yoyesera ndi zidutswa 30 (1 patsiku) ngati chithandizo cha insulin sichofunikira. Ngati insulin yaperekedwa kwa wodwala, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa ma stround amayesa mpaka zidutswa 90 pamwezi. Ndi matenda a shuga a insulin kapena masomphenya otsika mwa anthu olumala a gulu lachiwiri, glucometer imaperekedwa.
Ana odwala matenda ashuga amapatsidwa zonse zofunikira pagulu. Amalandira ufulu wopumula mu sanatorium kamodzi pachaka, pomwe msewu wopita ku mabungwe ndi kumbuyo umalipira kokha ndi boma. Ana olumala salipidwa malo opezekeramo okha, komanso mtengo ndi malo okhala wamkulu. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizotheka kupeza mankhwala onse ndi glucometer yofunikira kuthandizira.
Mutha kupeza ndalama ndi mankhwala kuchipatala chilichonse chothandizidwa ndi boma ndi mankhwala. Ngati mankhwala ali ofunikira mwachangu (nthawi zambiri dokotala amayika chizindikiro pafupi ndi mankhwalawa), akhoza kuthandizidwa atapereka mankhwala, koma pasanathe masiku 10 pambuyo pake.
Mankhwala osafunikira amalandiridwa pasanathe mwezi umodzi, ndipo mankhwalawa omwe ali ndi psychotropic - mkati mwa masiku 14 kuchokera pomwe adalandira.
Zolemba Za Kulemala
Ngati pali matenda ofooketsa omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda ashuga, ngati munthu akufunika thandizo ndi jakisoni wokhazikika, amapatsidwa gulu lachiwiri. Ndiye ndikofunika kudziwa momwe mungapangire zolakwika.
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kukonzekera zikalata zopereka ufulu wolandira gulu. Choyamba, mawu ochokera kwa wodwalayo. Kwa ana ochepera zaka 18, oyimira milandu nawonso amanenanso.
Kope la pasipoti liyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi kufunsira (kwa ana aang'ono, satifiketi yobadwa ndi chikalata cha pasipoti ya kholo kapena wosamalira). Kuphatikiza apo, kuti mukhale ndi vuto la matenda ashuga, muyenera kutengera zomwe munganene kapena kukhoti.
Kuti atsimikizire kupezeka kwa zovulaza ku thanzi, wodwalayo ayenera kupatsanso zonse zomwe zikutsimikizira mbiri yachipatala, komanso khadi lochokera.
Kuphatikiza apo, satifiketi yamaphunziro ingafunike kuti mupeze chilema. Ngati wodwalayo akungopeza maphunziro, ndikofunikira kuti atenge chikalata m'chipinda chophunzitsira - kufotokoza kwa ntchito yophunzirayo.
Ngati wodwala walembedwa ntchito, kutilembetsanso gululo ndikofunikira kupereka chiphaso cha mgwirizano, komanso buku la ntchito, lotsimikiziridwa ndi wogwira ntchito ku dipatimenti yothandizira. Komanso, dipatimenti iyi iyenera kukonzekera chikalata chofotokozera za mtundu ndi momwe adzagwirire ntchito.
Mukamayang'anidwanso, mumapereka satifiketi yotsimikizira kulemala, ndi chikalata chofotokozera pulogalamu yakukonzanso, momwe njira zomwe zakwaniridwapo kale ziyenera kudziwidwa.
Malingaliro a Katswiri Wachipatala
Gulu la olumala odwala matenda ashuga omwe ndimayikidwa pambuyo poti wodwalayo adapeza mayeso angapo omwe akatswiri amafufuza.
Kuyeza kumeneku kumakupatsani mwayi wodziwa osati momwe wodwalayo alili, komanso kuwunika momwe angagwirire ntchito, komanso nthawi yayitali ya chithandizo.
Mapeto omaliza mayeso ataperekedwa pamaziko a mitundu yotsatirayi ya maphunziro:
- kuphunzira kwamkodzo ndi magazi a hemoglobin, acetone ndi shuga;
- kuyesa kwamankhwala am'maso;
- kuyesa kwa chiwindi;
- electrocardiogram;
- kuyesa kwa ophthalmologic;
- kuyesedwa ndi katswiri wa mitsempha kuti awone kuchuluka kwa kusokonezeka kwamanjenje.
Odwala osalephera kupereka mtundu wa 2 matenda a shuga amafunika kuunikiridwa ndi dokotala, opaleshoni yopanga matenda a shuga mellitus, phokoso la matenda ashuga komanso zilonda zam'mimba.
Kuti muzindikire nephropathy, yomwe imapereka kulemala mu matenda a shuga, wodwala ayenera kutenga zitsanzo ku Zimnitsky ndi Reberg.
Ngati zovuta zomwe zalembedwazo zadziwika, akatswiriwo akhoza kupatsa wodwalayo gulu lolumala lolingana ndi kuchuluka kwa zovuta za matendawa.
Zitha kuchitika kuti bungweli silinaone kuti ndilofunika kulemala moyenerera kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga. Musachite mantha kapena kukwiya, chifukwa momwe zinthuzo zingakonzekere - chifukwa muyenera kukopa chisankho. Kuti muchite izi, mkati mwa mwezi wa kalendala (masiku 30) kuchokera pomwe mudalandira kukana, perekani chiganizo chosagwirizana. Mutha kutumiza chikalatachi kudzera m'makalata olembetsedwa, koma ndibwino kuti musamutse kumalo omwe wodwalayo adayeza. Ogwira ntchito ku ITU ayenera kutumiza izi kuofesi yayikulu.
Tsiku lomaliza lolembera zikalata ndi masiku atatu okha. Ngati panthawiyi ogwira ntchito sanatumize ntchito, wodwala ali ndi ufulu wopereka dandaulo. Enanso masiku 30 angafunikire kuti awonenso mlanduwo.
Kuphatikiza apo, wodwalayo ali ndi ufulu wofufuzanso ndi akatswiri ena. Ngati kukana kwalandilidwa, wodwalayo atha kupita kukhothi. Pazomwezi, ndikofunikira kupereka zotsatira zonse za kafukufuku, zolembedwa zotsatsa kuchokera ku ITU. Khothi siligamulanso apilo.
ITU idzauza za chiyambi cha kanema munkhaniyi.
