Apidra ndi msonkho wobwerezabwereza wa insulin ya anthu, chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimagwira ndi glulisin. Chachilendo cha mankhwalawa ndikuti imayamba kugwira ntchito mwachangu kuposa insulin yaumunthu, koma nthawi yochitapo kanthu ndiyotsika kwambiri.
Mlingo wa insulin iyi ndi yankho la subcutaneous makonzedwe, madzi omveka bwino kapena opanda khungu. Mlingo umodzi wa yankho uli ndi 3.49 mg ya yogwira, yomwe ili wofanana ndi 100 IU ya insulin yaumunthu, komanso othandizira, kuphatikiza madzi a jakisoni ndi sodium hydroxide.
Mtengo wa insulin Apidra umasiyanasiyana kutengera mtengo waposachedwa. Pafupifupi ku Russia, wodwala matenda ashuga amatha kugula mankhwala a 2000 mpaka 3,000 rubles.
Achire zotsatira za mankhwala
Chochita chofunikira kwambiri cha Apidra ndiko kuyamwa kwa kagayidwe kazigazi m'magazi, insulini imatha kutsitsa shuga, potero imapangitsa kuyamwa kwake ndi zotumphukira:
- mafuta;
- chigoba minofu.
Insulin imalepheretsa kupanga shuga mu chiwindi cha wodwalayo, adipocyte lipolysis, proteinol, ndikuwonjezera kupanga mapuloteni.
M'maphunziro omwe amachitika pa anthu athanzi komanso odwala matenda a shuga, zidapezeka kuti kupindika kwa glulisin kumathandizira msanga, koma kwakanthawi kochepa, poyerekeza ndi insulin yaumunthu.
Ndi subcutaneous makonzedwe a mankhwala, hypoglycemic zotsatira zidzachitika mkati 10 mpaka mphindi, ndi jekeseni wa intravenous zoterezi zimakhala zofanana mu mphamvu kuchitira anthu insulin. Chipinda cha Apidra chimadziwika ndi ntchito ya hypoglycemic, yomwe imafanana ndi gawo la insulin ya anthu osungunuka.
Apidra insulin imayang'aniridwa mphindi 2 chakudya chisanachitike, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto la postprandial glycemic, lofanana ndi insulin yaumunthu, yomwe imaperekedwa kwa mphindi 30 asanadye. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kuwongolera kotereku ndiko kwabwino koposa.
Ngati glulisin imayikidwa pakatha mphindi 15 itatha kudya, imatha kukhala ndi kayendetsedwe ka magazi a shuga, omwe amafanana ndi insulin ya anthu omwe amapatsidwa mphindi ziwiri asanadye.
Insulin imakhala m'magazi kwa mphindi 98.
Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa
Chizindikiro chogwiritsira ntchito insulin Apidra SoloStar ndimatenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri, mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwa kwa akulu ndi ana opitilira zaka 6. Contraindication imakhala hypoglycemia ndi tsankho la munthu pazinthu zilizonse za mankhwalawa.
Panthawi yapakati komanso yoyamwitsa, Apidra imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kwambiri.
Insulin imayendetsedwa musanadye kapena mphindi 15 isanachitike. Amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito insulin mukatha kudya. Nthawi zambiri, Apidra SoloStar amalimbikitsidwa pakatikati insulin chithandizo regimens, wokhala ndi insulin analogues. Kwa odwala ena, amatha kuikidwa pamodzi ndi mapiritsi a hypoglycemic.
Kwa odwala matenda ashuga aliyense, mtundu wa mankhwala ayenera kusankhidwa, poganizira kuti kulephera kwa aimpso, kufunikira kwa timadzi totere kumachepetsedwa kwambiri.
Mankhwala amaloledwa kuperekedwa mosavuta, kulowetsedwa m'dera la mafuta onunkhira. Malo abwino kwambiri kwa insulin
- Belly
- ntchafu
- phewa.
Pakufunika kulowetsedwa kosalekeza, mawu oyambawo amachitika kokha m'mimba. Madokotala amalimbikitsa kwambiri kusinthitsa malo owonetsera jakisoni, onetsetsani kuti mukusunga chitetezo. Izi zimalepheretsa kulowa kwa insulin kulowa m'mitsempha yamagazi. Dongosolo la subcutaneous makoma a m'mimba ndi chitsimikizo cha kuyamwa kwa mankhwalawo kuposa momwe amapangira mbali zina za thupi.
Pambuyo jakisoni, koletsedwa kutikita minofu jakisoni, adotolo afotokozere izi panthawi yachidule yokhudza njira yoyenera yothandizira mankhwalawo.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mankhwalawa sayenera kukhala osakanikirana ndi ma insulin ena, kusiyanitsa ndi lamulo ili ndi insulin Isofan. Ngati musakaniza Apidra ndi Isofan, muyenera kuyiyimbira kaye ndipo nthawi yomweyo kumata.
Cartridges iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi cholembera cha sytinge ya OptiPen Pro1 kapena ndi chipangizo chofananira, onetsetsani kuti mwatsata zomwe wopangitsayo akupanga:
- kudzaza katoni;
- kulowa ndi singano;
- kuyambitsa kwa mankhwala.
Nthawi iliyonse musanagwiritse ntchito chipangizocho, ndikofunikira kuti mufufuze; yankho la jekeseni liyenera kukhala lowonekera kwambiri, lopanda mtundu, lopanda mawonekedwe olimba.
Asanaikidwe, cartridge iyenera kusungidwa kutentha kwa maola osachepera 1-2, musanayambike insulin, mpweya umachotsedwa mu cartridge. Makatoni ogwiritsidwanso ntchito sayenera kudzazidwanso; cholembera chija sichitha. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito pampu yama pampu kuti mupange insulin yopitilira, kusakaniza ndizoletsedwa!
Kuti mumve zambiri, chonde werengani malangizo oti mugwiritse ntchito. Otsatirawa amadwala mosamalitsa:
- ndi mkhutu aimpso ntchito (pakufunika kuwunikanso mlingo wa insulin);
- ndi vuto la chiwindi (kusowa kwa mahomoni kungachepe).
Palibe chidziwitso pa maphunziro a pharmacokinetic a mankhwalawa odwala okalamba, komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti gulu ili la odwala lingachepetse kufunikira kwa insulin chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwaimpso.
Mbale za Apidra insulin zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi insulin yokhala ndi insulin, syringe ya insulini yokhala ndi muyeso woyenera. Pakapita jakisoni aliyense, singano imachotsedwa mu cholembera ndikuchotsa. Njirayi ikuthandizira kupewa matenda, kutayikira kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kulowerera kwa mpweya, ndi kutseka singano. Simungayesere thanzi lanu ndikugwiritsanso ntchito singano.
Popewa matenda, cholembera chodzaza chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wodwala m'modzi yekha, sichitha kusamutsidwa kwa anthu ena.
Milandu yama bongo osokoneza bongo ndi zovuta zina
Nthawi zambiri, wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amatha kukhala osafunikira monga hypoglycemia.
Nthawi zina, mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti pakhale zotupa pakhungu ndipo amatupa pamalo a jekeseni.
Nthawi zina ndimafunso a lipodystrophy mu shuga mellitus, ngati wodwalayo sanatsate malangizowo pakusinthana kwa malo a jakisoni a insulin.
Zina zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi monga:
- kukhathamiritsa, urticaria, matupa a khungu (nthawi zambiri);
- chifuwa cholimba (chosowa).
Ndi chiwonetsero cha mitundu yonse yamavuto osiyanasiyana, pamakhala ngozi pa moyo wa wodwalayo. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi chidwi ndi thanzi lanu ndikumvera zosokoneza zake zazing'ono.
Pakakhala vuto losokoneza bongo, wodwalayo amakhala ndi vuto loti azisinthasintha. Pankhaniyi, chithandizo chikusonyezedwa:
- hypoglycemia - kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga (odwala matenda ashuga ayenera kukhala nawo nthawi zonse);
- kwambiri hypoglycemia ndi kutaya chikumbumtima - kuyimitsidwa kumachitika ndi kuperekera 1 ml ya glucagon subcutaneily kapena mu mnofu, glucose amatha kutumikiridwa kudzera mu minyewa (ngati wodwalayo sayankha glucagon).
Wodwala akangobwerera kumene, ayenera kudya zakudya zochepa.
Chifukwa cha hypoglycemia kapena hyperglycemia, pamakhala mwayi woti wodwalayo azikhala wokhazikika, asinthe kuthamanga kwa zochitika zama psychomotor. Izi zimadzetsa chiwopsezo poyendetsa magalimoto kapena machitidwe ena.
Chidwi chachikulu chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi vuto locheperapo kapena osazindikira kwenikweni zomwe zingayambitse vuto la hypoglycemia. Ndikofunikanso m'malo opezeka pafupipafupi a shuga okwerera m'mwamba.
Odwala otere ayenera kusankha pazomwe angayendetsere magalimoto ndi machitidwe ake pawokha.
Malangizo ena
Ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito komweko kwa insulin Apidra SoloStar ndi mankhwala ena, pakhoza kuwonjezereka kapena kuchepa kwa zomwe zikuwonetsa kulimbikitsa kukula kwa hypoglycemia, ndichikhalidwe kuphatikiza njira izi:
- m`kamwa hypoglycemic;
- ACE zoletsa;
- mafupa;
- Disopyramids;
- Mao zoletsa;
- Fluoxetine;
- Pentoxifylline;
- salicylates;
- Propoxyphene;
- sulfonamide antimicrobials.
Zotsatira za hypoglycemic zimatha kuchepa kangapo ngati insulin glulisin imayikidwa limodzi ndi mankhwala: diuretics, phenothiazine, mahomoni a chithokomiro, proteinase inhibitors, antipsychotropic, glucocorticosteroids, Isoniazid, Phenothiazine, Somatropin, sympathomimetics.
Pentamidine wa mankhwala pafupifupi amakhala ndi hypoglycemia ndi hyperglycemia. Ethanol, mchere wa lithiamu, beta-blockers, mankhwala a Clonidine amatha kukhala ndi mphamvu ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya hypoglycemic.
Ngati kuli kofunika kusamutsa munthu wodwala matenda a shuga kupita ku mtundu wina wa insulin kapena mtundu wina wa mankhwala, kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala ndikofunikira. Ngati mulingo wambiri wa insulin wagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena wodwala akangosankha zochita kuti asankhe kusiya kumwa, izi zipangitsa kuti:
- kwambiri hyperglycemia;
- matenda ashuga ketoacidosis.
Zinthu zonsezi zimawopseza wodwalayo.
Ngati kusinthika kwazomwe zikuchitika panjira yamagalimoto, kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagwiritsidwe, kusintha kwa Apidra insulin kungafunike. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zomwe zimachitika mukangodya chakudya zimatha kuwonjezera mwayi wa hypoglycemia.
Wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amasintha kufunika kwa insulini ngati ali ndi matenda ochulukirapo kapena odwala. Mtunduwu umatsimikiziridwa ndikuwunika, madokotala komanso odwala.
Apidra insulin imayenera kusungidwa m'malo amdima, omwe ayenera kutetezedwa kwa ana kwa zaka ziwiri. Kutentha koyenera kosungirako mankhwalawa kumachokera madigiri 2 mpaka 8, ndizoletsedwa kuti amasule insulin!
Mukayamba kugwiritsa ntchito, makatiriji amasungidwa pamtunda wosaposa 25 digiri, ndi oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mwezi umodzi.
Zambiri za Apidra insulin zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
