Matenda a shuga amayamba ndi kusowa kwa insulin kapena kuchepa kwa chidwi cholandilira. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ashuga ndi hyperglycemia.
Hyperglycemia ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Kuti zitheke, dzinali limasinthidwa kukhala dzina "shuga wamagazi." Chifukwa chake, shuga ndi glucose m'magazi ndizinthu zomwezo kapena ngati palibe kusiyana pakati pawo.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro azinthu zam'magazi, shuga ndi shuga zimasiyana, chifukwa shuga mumapangidwe ake osatha sangagwiritsidwe ntchito mphamvu. Ndi matenda a shuga, kukhala bwino komanso chiyembekezo cha moyo wa odwala zimadalira kuchuluka kwa shuga (shuga) m'magazi.
Shuga ndi shuga - gawo lazakudya ndi kagayidwe
Shuga, yemwe amapezeka ndodo, beets, mapulo a shuga, mitengo ya kanjedza, manyumwa, amadziwika kuti shuga. Kulephera m'matumbo amang'onopang'ono kukhala glucose ndi fructose. Fructose amalowa m'maselowo pawokha, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito shuga, maselo amafunikira insulini.
Kafukufuku wamakono awonetsa kuti kumwa kwambiri michere yosavuta, yomwe imaphatikizapo shuga, fructose, sucrose, lactose, imabweretsa matenda akulu a metabolic:
- Atherosulinosis
- Matenda a shuga, kuphatikizika kwa njira yamavuto amitsempha yamagazi, mitsempha yamagazi, impso, kuchepa kwa masomphenyawo komanso kupweteka kwa moyo.
- Matenda a mtima, kuchepa kwamitsempha.
- Matenda oopsa.
- Cerebrovascular ngozi, sitiroko.
- Kunenepa kwambiri
- Kuwonongeka kwamafuta kwa chiwindi.
Chofunika kwambiri ndikuti ndiwayamikiridwe wothina wa shuga kwa anthu okalamba omwe ali ndi vuto lolemera komanso owonjezera magazi. Zakudya zomanga thupi zopezeka ku tirigu wosasakanizidwa, zipatso, masamba ndi ma nyemba sizimayambitsa ngozi kwa thupi, chifukwa wowuma ndi fructose mwa iwo sizimapangitsa kukula kwambiri kwa shuga.
Kuphatikiza apo, fiber ndi pectin zomwe zimapezeka muzinthu zachilengedwe zimakonda kuchotsa cholesterol yambiri ndi shuga m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, thupi limasamala komwe ungapeze kuti kalori yofunikira kuchokera. Mafuta owonjezera ndiye njira yosasangalatsa kwambiri.
Glucose wa ziwalo ndi othandizira mphamvu yomwe imapangidwa m'maselo mu oxidation.
Magwero a shuga ndi okhuthala ndi sucrose kuchokera ku chakudya, komanso masitolo a glycogen m'chiwindi, amatha kupanga mkati mwa thupi kuchokera ku lactate ndi amino acid.
Mwazi wamagazi
Carbohydrate kagayidwe m'thupi, motero kukula kwa shuga, kumayendetsedwa ndi mahomoni otere:
- Insulin - wopangidwa m'maselo a beta a kapamba. Amachepetsa shuga.
- Glucagon - amapangidwa m'maselo a alpha a kapamba. Kuchulukitsa shuga m'magazi, kumayambitsa kupindika kwa glycogen m'chiwindi.
- Somatotropin imapangidwa kunja kwa loze ya pituitary gland, imakhala ndi hormone ya contra-hormonal (kanthu kosiyana ndi insulin).
- Thyroxine ndi triiodothyronine - mahomoni a chithokomiro, amachititsa kupanga chiwindi mu chiwindi, amalepheretsa kudzikundikira kwake minofu ndi minyewa ya chiwindi, kukulitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa maselo ndi glucose.
- Cortisol ndi adrenaline amapangidwa mu cortical wosanjikiza wa adrenal gland potsatira zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa thupi, kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Kuti mupeze shuga la magazi, m'mimba yopanda kanthu kapena kuyesa magazi kwa capillary kumachitika. Kusanthula kotereku kukuwonetsedwa: kwa anthu omwe akuwaganizira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga, kuwonongeka kwa chithokomiro, chiwopsezo cha pituitary, chiwindi ndi gland ya adrenal.
Magazi a shuga (shuga) amayang'aniridwa kuti apende mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi a insulin kapena kutsitsa shuga ngati zizindikiro monga:
- Kuchulukitsa ludzu
- Zowopsa zam'mawa, zokhala ndi mutu, chizungulire, manja akunjenjemera.
- Kuchulukitsa mkodzo.
- Zofooka zakuthwa.
- Kuchepetsa thupi kapena kunenepa kwambiri.
- Ndi chizolowezi chofalitsa matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi.
Zomwe zimachitika mthupi ndi mulingo wa mmol / l kuchokera pa 4.1 mpaka 5.9 (malinga ndi njira ya glucose oxidative) kwa amuna ndi akazi azaka 14 mpaka 60. M'magulu okalamba, chizindikirocho chimakhala chachikulu, kwa ana kuyambira milungu itatu kufika zaka 14, mulingo kuyambira 3,3 mpaka 5.6 mmol / l umadziwika kuti ndiwokhazikika.
Ngati mtengo wachizindikirowu ndiwokwera, izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda oyamba. Kuti muzindikire moyenera, muyenera kuchita kafukufuku wa hemoglobin wa glycated, mayeso okhudzana ndi shuga, wodutsa mkodzo wa shuga.
Kuphatikiza pa matenda a shuga, monga chizindikiro chachiwiri, shuga wokwanira amatha kukhala ndi matendawa:
- Pancreatitis ndi zotupa za kapamba.
- Matenda a ziwalo za endocrine: zotupa, chithokomiro komanso adrenal.
- Mu nthawi yayikulu ya sitiroko.
- Ndi myocardial infaration.
- Ndi aakulu nephritis ndi hepatitis.
Zotsatira za phunziroli zitha kukhudzidwa ndi: kuchuluka kwambiri mwakuthupi komanso mwamaganizidwe, kusuta, kumwa mankhwala othandizira, mahomoni, beta-blockers, caffeine.
Chizindikiro ichi chimachepa ndi kuchuluka kwa insulin ndi mankhwala ena a matenda ashuga, njala, poyizoni ndi arsenic ndi mowa, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso, komanso kutenga ma anabolic steroid. Hypoglycemia (kuthira shuga m'magazi) kumachitika ndi matenda amitsempha, khansa komanso vuto la mahomoni.
Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati kumatha kuchuluka, ndipo pambuyo pobadwa kwa mwana amatha kubwezeretsedwanso. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya insulin mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu yosintha ya mahomoni. Zikachitika kuti shuga wokwezeka akuchulukirachulukira, izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha toxicosis, matenda osokonezeka, komanso matenda a impso.
Ngati muyeza magazi kamodzi, mawuwo sangakhale odalirika nthawi zonse. Kufufuza kotereku kumawonetsera momwe dziko liliri lokha, lomwe lingakhudzidwe ndi kudya, nkhawa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kusanthula kokwanira kagayidwe kazakudya, mayeso otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Kulekerera kwa glucose (ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi).
- Zomwe zili glycated hemoglobin.
Kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumafunika kuyesa momwe thupi limayankhira kudya shuga. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza shuga wodwala, matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi shuga m'magazi, ndikuzindikira matenda ashuga mwa amayi apakati, ngakhale ngati palibe kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi asanakhale ndi pakati.
Phunziroli limalembedwa pakalibe matenda opatsirana, ntchito zabwino, mankhwala omwe akukhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga ayenera kuthetsedweratu masiku atatu mayeso asanachitike mayeso (pokhapokha ngati dokotala walowa). M`pofunika kutsatira mwachizolowezi kumwa regimen, musasinthe zakudya, mowa saloledwa tsiku lililonse. Chakudya chomaliza chimalimbikitsidwa maola 14 asanaunike.
Kuyesedwa kwa shuga ndi katundu kwa odwala kwasonyezedwa:
- Ndi mawonetseredwe a atherosulinosis.
- Ndikulimbikira kuthamanga kwa magazi.
- Pankhani yofunika kwambiri kulemera kwa thupi.
- Ngati abale anu apamtima amadwala matenda ashuga.
- Odwala ndi gout.
- Ndi matenda a chiwindi.
- Odwala omwe ali ndi metabolic syndrome.
- Ndi neuropathy yachilendo osadziwika
- Odwala omwe amatenga estrojeni, mahomoni a adrenal, komanso okodzetsa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ngati azimayi pa nthawi yobereka amakhala ndi pathupi pobadwa, asanakwane nthawi yomweyo, mwana akabadwa wolemera kuposa 4,5 kg kapena wobadwa ndi vuto linalake, ndiye kuti kuyesa kwa glucose kuyenera kuchitidwa. Kusanthula kumeneku kumanenedwanso ngati mayi wapezeka ndi pakati, matenda ashuga, ma polycystic ovary.
Kwa mayeso, wodwalayo amayeza kuchuluka kwa glucose ndikupatsidwa chakudya kuti amwe 75 ga shuga osungunuka m'madzi. Kenako, patatha ola limodzi ndi maola awiri, muyeso umabwerezedwa.
Zotsatira za kuwunikaku zikuwunikidwa motere:
- Nthawi zambiri, pakatha maola awiri, shuga wa magazi (shuga) ndi ochepera 7.8 mmol / L.
- Kufikira 11.1 - matenda ashuga omalizira.
- Zoposa 11.1 - shuga.
Chizindikiro china chodalirika chodziwitsa ndi kutsimikiza kwa milingo ya glycated hemoglobin.
Glycosylated hemoglobin imawonekera m'thupi pambuyo polumikizana ndi glucose m'magazi ndi hemoglobin yomwe ili m'maselo ofiira a magazi. Kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi, hemoglobin yambiri imapangidwa. Maselo ofiira (maselo ammagazi omwe amachititsa kuti oxygen isunthire) amakhala ndi moyo masiku 120, kotero kuwunika kumeneku kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'miyezi itatu yapitayo.
Kuzindikira koteroko sikutanthauza kukonzekera mwapadera: kusanthula kuyenera kuchitika pamimba yopanda kanthu, mkati mwa sabata lapitalo sipayenera kuikidwa magazi komanso kutaya magazi kwambiri.
Mothandizidwa ndi kusanthula kwa hemoglobin kwa glycated, kusankha koyenera kwa mankhwalawa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga kuyang'aniridwa, kumathandizira kudziwa spikes m'magawo a shuga omwe amavuta kutsatira ndi muyezo wamagulu a shuga.
Glycated hemoglobin imayezedwa ngati gawo limodzi la kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin m'magazi. Mtundu wabwinobwino wa chizindikirochi umachokera ku 4.5 mpaka 6.5 peresenti.
Ngati mulingo wokwezeka, ndiye kuti chizindikiritso cha matenda a shuga kapena kusokonezeka kwa chakudya chamafuta. Mitengo yapamwamba imathanso kukhala ndi splenectomy, kuchepa kwachitsulo.
Glycated hemoglobin amachepetsa:
- ndi shuga wochepa (hypoglycemia);
- kutaya magazi kapena kuthira magazi, kuchuluka kwa magazi ofiira; glycated hemoglobin
- ndi hemolytic anemia.
Zochizira matenda a shuga kapena kulekerera kwamatumbo, kuwunika shuga wamagazi ndikofunikira, popeza chithandizo cha matendawa, kuchuluka kwake kwa zovuta, ndipo ngakhale miyoyo ya odwala imadalira.
Zambiri pazoyesa shuga wa magazi zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
