Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga m'magazi ndi ofunika kwambiri padziko lapansi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga wapezeka mwa anthu khumi padziko lapansi.
Chithandizo chomwe chitha kuchiza matendawa sichinapangidwebe. M'mikhalidwe imeneyi, odwala amafunika kunyamula ndi kumwa mankhwala pafupipafupi kuti achepetse shuga. Izi nthawi zina zimatha kupulumutsa wodwalayo pakadwala kovuta ka glycemia.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kusintha kwa Magazi
Milingo ya shuga m'magazi imatha kuchoka pamakhalidwe abwino pazifukwa zambiri, chachikulu chomwe chimakhalapo kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu 1 kapena mtundu 2 mwa munthu.
Kunena molondola, mwachitsanzo, kuti wodwalayo ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, adotolo ayenera kuphunzira mayeso, choyambirira, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a wodwalayo. Pa izi, kuyesedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu kumaperekedwa nthawi zambiri, kuwonjezera, ngati wodwala wapezeka kale ndi matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kungayesedwe ndi glucometer yanyumba.
Ngati ndi yayikulu kapena yotsika kwambiri, ndikofunikira kumwa mankhwala omwe amapangidwira shuga m'magazi.
Kuphatikiza pa matenda ashuga, matenda opatsirana amatchedwa chifukwa chomwe chingapangitse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, mwachitsanzo, itha kukhala matenda opatsirana kapena kupsinjika kwakukulu. Kuzizira, kukhumudwa m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba ndi kusanza zimatha kukhudza kusintha kwa chizindikirochi. Potere, wodwalayo ayenera kumwa mankhwalawo mwachangu ndi adokotala kuti abwezeretse zomwe zikuchitika.
Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kumwa nthawi zonse mukakonza zotsatirazi za kusintha kwa shuga m'magazi:
- kukhalapo kwa ludzu lalikulu;
- kukoka pafupipafupi komanso kosaletseka;
- dontho mu zowoneka bwino;
- kutopa ndi kulephera kuyika chidwi chanu.
Kumwa mankhwala omwe amatha kuonjezera kapena mosiyanasiyana shuga m'magazi amasonyezedwa ngati munthu ali ndi mabala ochiritsa olakwika. Kwa akazi, chizindikiro choterocho chimakhala chodwala. Ndi chitukuko cha matenda ashuga kapena nthawi yake yovuta kwambiri, kuchepetsa kulemera mwachangu komanso kosadziwika kungathe kulembedwa.
Panthawi zonse za shuga m'magazi, ambulansi imayenera kuyitanidwa mwachangu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti wodwalayo amatha kudwala matenda osiyanasiyana komanso amatha kudwala. Ngakhale mutamwa mankhwala ofunika komanso shuga m'magazi anu atuluka, muyenera kufunsa dokotala mwachangu kuti muyambe kulandira mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amapangidwa kuti muchepetse shuga.
Shuga Wachilendo
Musanayambe kumwa mapiritsi kuti muchepetse shuga m'magazi, muyenera kukhazikitsa chizolowezi chake kuti mankhwala omwe ali ndi chizindikirochi asankhidwe moyenera. Pakadali pano, zikhalidwe zimadziwika kuti ndizowonetsera zosaposa 5.5 mmol / l, zolembedwa ola limodzi ndi awiri mutatha kudya. M'mawa, ayenera kukonzedwa mukamawunika magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti pali mndandanda womwe umakhala ndi chidziwitso cha mtundu wa shuga wa magazi ndi womwe umachitika kwa ana, amuna ndi akazi, okalamba. Ndi iyeyo kuti muyenera kuunika musanayambe kumwa uyu kapena mankhwalawo. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake kuwunika kwa hemoglobin ya glycated ndikofunikira.
Payokha, ndikofunikira kutchulapo kuti mtundu wamphamvu kwambiri wa shuga ndi momwe mulingo wa glucose m'magazi umapitilira kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kuposa 12-14 mmol / l. Pankhaniyi, singathe kuchepetsedwa mwachangu. Kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala koyenera mkati mwa mwezi umodzi mpaka itatu kumapangitsa mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo panthawi imeneyi.
Mukamamwa mankhwala ochepetsa shuga m'magazi, muyenera kukumbukira nthawi zonse kuti zakudya zina zimathandizira kuwonjezera shuga. Izi zimagwira makamaka pazakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chamagulu ambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale zakudya zomwe zimatengedwa kuti ndizabwino zimawonjezera shuga m'magazi komanso zakudya zopanda thanzi.
Izi zikuphatikiza mpunga wa bulauni, mkate wa zakudya, oatmeal ndi zipatso ndi zipatso zilizonse. Izi zimachitika makamaka pakudya m'malesitilanti ndi m'misika, momwe zinthu zotere zimapezeka nthawi zambiri. Kumbukirani kuti anthu odwala matenda ashuga amatha kudya zakudya zovomerezeka monga nkhumba yophika, tchizi, mazira owiritsa ndi mtedza. Ngati chakudya chotere sichili pafupi, muyenera kukhala ndi njala kwa maola angapo, chifukwa ngati mumadya mbale zina, mutha kukwaniritsa kuti kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi kumayamba kukwera.
Ngati wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga akufuna kuonetsetsa kuti magazi a shuga ali okhazikika, ayenera kufunsa othandizira kuti amupatse zakudya zabwino. Chifukwa chake, mutha kupanga mndandanda wazakudya zomwe sizabwino. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo:
- Ma broth.
- Zakudya zokazinga komanso nyama zaphokoso.
- Zogulitsa kuchokera ku pastry puff kapena muffin.
- Maapulo ndi zipatso.
- Mpunga, pasitala, semolina.
Kuphatikiza apo, zakudya zosavomerezeka zimaphatikizapo zipatso zotsekemera ndi zakumwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apakamwa
Nthawi zambiri chithandizo cha matenda ashuga chimachitika mwa njira yochotsera zizindikiro zake zoyipa kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri, mankhwala othandizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepa.
Wodwala akakhala ndi vuto la hypoglycemia, mankhwala apadera omwe amawonjezera shuga wamagazi amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Nthawi zambiri, mankhwala ochepetsa shuga amathandizidwa ndi odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri.
Pharmacology yamakono imapanga magulu awiri a mankhwala omwe amapangidwira kuti muchepetse shuga, awa ndi:
- Sulfonamides. Amachokera ku sulfonylurea. Makina awo ochitapo kanthu amatengera kukondoweza kwa amkati mtundu wa insulin katulutsidwe. Poterepa, pali kuponderezana kwa kapangidwe ka shuga m'chiwindi, komanso kapangidwe ka glucagon. Mukatchula mayina a mankhwalawo omwe amachepetsa shuga m'magazi, ndiye kuti zotsika mtengo komanso zotsika mtengo kwambiri ndi Chloropropamide, komanso Carbutamide.
- Biguanides. Ili ndiye mtundu wamakono wamankhwala omwe amafotokozedwa omwe amakupatsani mwayi kuti muchepetse shuga la wodwala akamakula. Amalimbitsa mwachindunji glycolysis ya anaerobic, ndipo izi zimakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa glucose pogwiritsa ntchito minofu. Mwa m'badwo watsopano wamankhwala amatchedwa Metmorphine ndi Silubin.
Payokha, ndikofunikira kukambirana za mankhwala ena omwe amatha kukwaniritsa kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi. Amakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matenda a shuga a 2.
Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Mankhwala atsopano ndiomwe amachititsa mtundu wa glycemia. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi a wodwala mwadzidzidzi. Mosiyana ndi mapiritsi ena, amatha kuyamwa kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi mphamvu yochepetsera shuga kwakanthawi kochepa. Ena mwa iwo ndi Repaglinid ndi Nateglind.
- Milaz. Amawerengedwa ngati ma biguanides osiyanasiyana ndipo amatha kukulitsa chidwi cha ziwalo ndi minofu yake.
- Alfa glycoside zoletsa. Amasinthira ntchito ya michere yachilengedwe yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa glucose. Chifukwa cha kudya kwawo, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa glucose m'matumbo kungatheke.
Ndi mankhwalawa omwe akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira iyi kapena apo, ayenera kusankha ndi dokotala wopita. Ngati mulingo wa shuga utachepa ndikufika koyenera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali ofatsa kwambiri pachiwindi, ngati sipadzakhala kuchepa kwa glucose m'magazi, mankhwala othandiza kwambiri adzafunika kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ndikofunika osadikirira kuti mayeso a shuga athetse, koma kuti mulumikizane ndi dokotala wanu kuti akuthandizeni.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin
Ndi shuga wowonjezereka ndi shuga wa mtundu woyamba, komanso ngati mphamvu ya njira zina zochizira matenda amtundu wachiwiri ndi yotsika, kubwezeretsa insulin mankhwala kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo nthawi zambiri ndiyo njira yofunikira komanso yofunika kwambiri yothandizira matenda ashuga. Ndiye amene amathandizira kuthetsa zizindikilo zoopsa za matendawa.
Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga m'magazi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndizifupi, pakatikati, komanso nthawi yayitali mukamamwa mankhwala ofunikira. Mankhwalawa amachepetsa shuga m'magazi ndi mtundu wofatsa kapena wathanzi.
Wodwala aliyense yemwe ali ndi matendawa ayenera kudziwa kuti pali njira zingapo zobweretsera mankhwala m'thupi. Pakati pawo, syringe imawonedwa ngati yapamwamba. Njira iyi yoyendetsera mankhwala idapangidwa kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha insulin. Njirayi siigwiritsidwe ntchito m'maiko otukuka, ngati mukufuna kudziwa momwe mungachepetse shuga, muyenera kuphunzira njira zina zamakono zogwiritsidwa ntchito ku USA, EU komanso ku Russia.
Imodzi mwa njirazi ndikugwiritsa ntchito syringe - cholembera. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pakufunika kuti magazi achepetse m'magazi a wodwala. Nthawi zambiri pamenepa, mankhwala omwe amagulitsidwa pansi pa zopangidwa ndi Rinsulin R, Biogulin R, Actrapid amayamba. Cholembera chimbale chikuchotsa syringe yachikale ku Russia.
Odwala ambiri omwe amadziwa momwe angachepetse shuga sadziwa mwa njira yakale kuti izi zitha kuchitika ndi pampu ya insulin. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chimakhazikika m'thupi la wodwalayo, ndipo ndimomwe chimafotokozedwera pafupipafupi, chimayambiranso kupezeka kwa insulin mthupi lake, potero imayerekezera kapamba. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti pali zovuta zina pakugwiritsa ntchito njirayi, chifukwa cha zolimbitsa thupi za wodwala, kotero pampu imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu kotala yokha ya odwala onse.
Pali njira zina zamakono zoperekera insulin, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito patch yapadera.
Contraindication zotheka ndi mavuto
Pafupifupi mankhwala aliwonse omwe amachepetsa shuga m'magazi, mwachitsanzo, thyroxine, ali ndi zotsatira zake zoyipa ndi zotsutsana. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zimatha kutsitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi a wodwala pansipa.
Vutoli limatchedwa hypoglycemia. Zotsatira zake, wodwalayo amatha kumva kufooka, kugona thukuta kwambiri, thukuta kwambiri, chizungulire, ngakhalenso kusazindikira. Milandu yayikulu imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a matenda a shuga chifukwa cha kusowa kwa michere yomwe imalowa mu ubongo wa wodwalayo.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali zotsutsana mwachindunji ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa shuga. Izi ndi:
- nthawi ya pakati komanso pobereka;
- nthawi yogwira ntchito;
- kukhalapo kwa matenda a impso ndi chiwindi;
- dontho lakuthwa m'thupi.
Tiyeneranso kutchula malabsorption syndrome ndi maldigestion. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kupezeka kwawo ndikotheka ndikukula kwa matenda am'matumbo, chifukwa chomwe kuyamwa kwa michere kumasokonekera mwa wodwala. Ngati mankhwala ochepetsa shuga agwiritsidwa ntchito pakadali pano, hypoglycemia ikhoza kuchuluka. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa ayenera kumwedwa mosamala mukapanikizika. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mwina pamakhala kugwa kwamphamvu pakumwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga.
Mulimonsemo, muyenera kuphunzira kapangidwe kake musanamwe mankhwala. Ngati malangizo akuwonetsa kuti simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito molumikizana ndi mankhwala ena, malangizo awa ayenera kutsatiridwa mosamalitsa. Kupanda kutero, mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo sudzangokhala bwino, koma ungakulire kwambiri.
Mankhwala ochepetsa shuga akufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu kanema munkhaniyi.
