Njira zonse mthupi la munthu zimayendetsedwa ndi dongosolo lamanjenje lamkati ndi mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi ziwalo za endocrine. Makina osokoneza bongo amakulolani kuti muzitha kutengera zinthu zakunja ndi zamkati.
Pancreas ndi chiwalo chapadera chomwe sichimangotenga nawo gawo pazochitika za chimbudzi, komanso chimawoneka ngati "fakitale" yomwe imapanga zinthu zofunika kuti ikhale ndi moyo wabwinobwino.
Chiwalo chamkati chimakhala ndi gawo la endocrine, lomwe limalimbikitsa kupanga ma enzyme opukusa ndi ma pancreatic, komwe ma mahomoni apanchipini amapangidwa. Amathandizira kuwongolera chakudya, mapuloteni ndi metabolism yamafuta.
Ngakhale kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa chiwalo kungayambitse mavuto akulu. Kuperewera kapena kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumasokoneza kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo zamkati.
Mahona akuluakulu opangidwa ndi kapamba
Homoni wamkulu yemwe amatha kupangitsa kuti kapamba akhale insulin. Ndi polypeptide yomwe imaphatikizapo 51 amino acid. Maselo a Beta omwe amapezeka kuma isanc pancreatic ndiwo amachititsa kuti apangidwe.
Hulin insulin imapangidwa mu kapamba, imagwira ntchito zingapo. Imayang'anira kuphatikizidwa kwa shuga mthupi, imathandizira kupewa shuga mu chiwindi, ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa 
kuwola kwa glucagon.
Ngati "biochemistry" yotere ikuphwanyidwa m'thupi la munthu, ndiye kuti pali kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, komwe kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda ashuga kangapo.
Ma protein a insulin amathandizira kubisala kwamafuta acid. Zimakhudza kupanga kwa zinthu zam'mimba, kukula kwa mahomoni ndi ma estrogens.
Kuphatikiza pa insulin, kapamba amapanga zinthu izi:
- Gastrin.
- Amilin.
- Pancreatic polypeptide.
- Glucagon.
- C peptide.
Lipocaine imatha kutengedwa ngati mahomoni achiwiri opangidwa ndi chiwalo chamkati (kuwonjezera insulin). Imalepheretsa kukula kwa mafuta a chiwindi, imapangitsa kagayidwe ka lipotropic.
Ntchito za mahomoni
Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe amakhudza maselo onse m'thupi. Chofunikira kwambiri pazinthu ndikusunga ndende ya magazi pamlingo wofunikira. Timadzi timene timayambitsa zochita zambiri mu thupi zomwe zimapereka zotsatira zomwe tikufuna.
Shuga wochepa amapezeka nthawi zonse m'chiwindi ndi minofu, ndiye malo osungirako thupi la munthu. Izi zimaperekedwa mwanjira ya mahomoni glycogen, omwe, ngati kuli koyenera, amasinthidwa kukhala momwe amayambira. Mwanjira ina, amasinthidwa kukhala glucose. Kuphatikiza kwa glycogen kumachitika m'chiwindi, maselo oyera am'mitsempha ndi minofu minofu. Hormone ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba amthupi mu thupi la munthu.
Glucagon ndi chinthu chinanso cha kapamba. Zimathandizira glycogen kugwetsa kumasula glucose; amalimbikitsa kuchepa kwa lipid, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti lipase ichulukidwe m'maselo amafuta.
Ntchito za somatostatin:
- Imachepetsa ndende ya glucagon.
- Amachepetsa kuchotsedwa kwa madzi a m'mimba.
- Imachepetsa kaphatikizidwe ka hydrochloric acid.
- Imalepheretsa kupanga ma pancreatic enzymes.
- Amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa magazi m'mimba.
Pancreatic polypeptide yapezeka posachedwa posachedwa. Zovuta za mahomoni a endocrine sizimamveka bwino.
Asayansi ambiri amavomereza kuti chinthucho chimathandizira "kupulumutsa" kwa michere yogaya pancreatic.
Laboratory kafukufuku wa kapamba
Kusanthula kwa michere ya pancreatic ndi kuyesa kwa magazi komwe kumatsimikizira kuwunika kwa zovuta zonse za pathogenis zosiyanasiyana pantchito ndi chikhalidwe cha mkati. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda a kapamba.
Mu endocrinology, kafukufukuyu ali ndi zisonyezo zingapo. Amalembera matenda zizindikiro zamatenda amkati, umalimbikitsidwanso chifukwa choganiziridwa kapena kupsa mtima kwa kapamba.
Zotsatira za kuyesedwa zimathandizira kuwunikira magwiridwe antchito amkati, kuchuluka kwa zowonongeka; kusiyanitsa matendawa ndi matenda ena. Kuphatikiza apo, kusanthula kumalimbikitsidwa kuti kuwunikire odwala omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu, cholelithiasis ndi matenda ena; muzindikire chotupa mu kapamba.
Kusanthula kumachitika kwa munthu wamkulu komanso mwana. Maphunziro apadera kulibe. Chachikulu ndikuti musasute mphindi 30 musanatenge magazi. Monga chachilengedwe, madzi amkati a venous amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zomwe zikuwonetsa izi zatsimikiziridwa:
- C-peptide imatsimikiziridwa ndi enzyme assay.
- Kutsimikiza kwa shuga m'madzi a m'magazi.
- Lipase imatsimikiziridwa ndi njira ya colorimetric.
- Amylase okwanira mu seramu yamagazi, bilirubin yonse, pathobiochemistry ya cholinesterase.
- C-yogwira mapuloteni.
Ngati, malinga ndi zotsatira za kukodola, ntchito ya michere ya England ndiyakulitsidwa, kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni othandizira kwachuluka, ndiye izi zikuwonetsa mtundu wovuta wa kapamba. Magazi a shuga ndi C-peptide amawonetsa kusokonekera kwa mkati.
Cheke cha pancreatic chimakhazikitsidwa pazochitika zotsatirazi:
- Kukayikira kwa chotupa.
- Ndi zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa chiwalo (kupweteka pamimba, kusanza, kusokonezeka kwa chopondacho - zizindikirozi zimatha kuwonetsa kuphwanya kwakukulu, mpaka vuto lakumayamwa kwa michere m'matumbo).
- Ngati zida zothandiza pozindikira zawonetsa kusintha kwamkati.
- Pamaso pa cholowa chamtundu wa organic pathologies.
- Kuyeserera kupewa.
Kuphatikiza apo, maphunziro ena amatha kutumikiridwa, mwachitsanzo, kuyezetsa magazi, ultrasound, compact tomography yam'mimba. Izi ndizofunikira kuti athe kupatula zotheka za ma membala ena amkati ndi machitidwe, kumveketsa pathogenesis ya pathological process mu thupi. Zotsatira za kuyesedwa zimaphatikizidwa pozindikira zomwe zikuwonetsa, nthawi yayitali yamatenda, matenda okhudzana.
Mahomoni opangidwa ndi kapamba amakhudza mbali zonse za thupi. Ayenera kutenga nawo mbali m'njira zambiri kuti magwiridwe antchito ndi ziwalo zizigwira bwino ntchito. Chilichonse mthupi chimalumikizana, kotero mahomoni ena nawonso ndiofunikira.
Thyroxin imapangidwa ndi chithokomiro cha chithokomiro. Zimakhudza mayendedwe a magazi a munthu, zimathandizira pakuwonjezeka kwake. Physiology, mphamvu, kusuntha kumadaliranso pakuwonekera kwa chinthu m'magazi. Kusowa kumayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri, kutopa nthawi zonse, kutsekeka tsitsi ndi misomali, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi zizindikiro zina. Mankhwala, pharmacology imapereka mankhwala opangira omwe amaphatikizira a thyroxine wochita kupanga.
Hormone ya adrenaline imapangidwa mu ma gren adrenal. Ndi zochulukirapo, zimakhudza mkhalidwe wamaganizidwe ndi thupi. Ndi kuchuluka kwa ndende, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwera, komwe kumakhala chiwopsezo chachikulu cha vuto la mtima ngati pali mbiri yamavuto ndi mtima dongosolo; zomwe shuga zili mthupi zimatsika kwambiri.
Ma mahomoni opangidwa ndi kapamba ndizofunikira kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito bwino. Ngati pali kuchepa kapena kuchuluka, ndiye kuti kukonzanso kwa mulingo wa zinthu mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ndi zakudya zofunika.
Zambiri zamahomoni apancreatic zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
